...years of the 19th century, after C. Lloyd Morgan (9) made an appeal to the following rule: "In no case may we interpret an action as the outcome of the exercise of a higher psychical facility, if it can be interpreted as the outcome of the exercise of one which stands lower on the...

...another formulation known as "Morgan's cannon". I believe that it is worth quoting again: "In no case may we interpret an action as the outcome of the exercise...outcome of the exercise of one which stands lower in psychological scale." (Morgan, 1894, p. 53). • "The reference of any organization must be to the...

...modern science as a "struggle against marvellous" — a lutte contre le merveilleux. 5 "In no case may we interpret an action as the outcome of the exercise of a higher psychological faculty, if it can be interpreted as the outcome of the exercise of one which stand lower...

...bound to accept the principle above enunciated: that in no case is an animal activity to be interpreted as the outcome of the exercise of a higher psychical faculty, if it can be fairly interpreted as the outcome of the exercise of one which stands lower in the psychological scale....