...was ushered in by the British scientist C. Lloyd Morgan's 1894 decree on animal behavior: "In no case may we interpret an action as the outcome of the exercise...faculty, if it can be interpreted as the outcome of one which stands lower in the psychological scale."'3 However, as was the case with Descartes so many...

...animals. He summarized his views in his famous Canon: "In no case may we interpret an action as an outcome of the exercise of a higher psychical faculty, if it can be interpreted as the outcome of one which stands lower in the psychological scale." Thus, we should not assume that nonhuman animal...

...alternative to the minimalist principle implied in Lloyd Morgan's canon, which says that in no case may we interpret an action as the outcome of the exercise of a higher faculty, if it can be interpreted as the outcome of the exercise of a lower one (quoted in Walker 1985:...

...attributions to nonhuman animals. Even Lloyd Morgan, mainly remembered for his canon — "in no case may we interpret an action as the outcome of the exercise...exercise of one which stands lower in the psychological scale" (Morgan l894, p. 53) — accepted the DarwinRomanes view of the continuity of mental states....

...psychologist C. Lloyd Morgan proposed the following rule for those who study animal behavior: "In no case may we interpret an action as the outcome of the exercise...exercise of one which stands lower in the psychological scale." This became known as Morgans canon. It was based on the widely held principle of parsimony,...

...should be interpreted in terms of a very conservative principle known as Morgan's canon: "In no case may we interpret an action as the outcome of the exercise...outcome of the exercise of one which stands lower in the psychical scale." There are obvious problems with this formulation. What is a "faculty"? What makes...

...years of the 19th century, after C. Lloyd Morgan (9) made an appeal to the following rule: "In no case may we interpret an action as the outcome of the exercise of a higher psychical facility, if it can be interpreted as the outcome of the exercise of one which stands lower on the...

...another formulation known as "Morgan's cannon". I believe that it is worth quoting again: "In no case may we interpret an action as the outcome of the exercise...outcome of the exercise of one which stands lower in psychological scale." (Morgan, 1894, p. 53). • "The reference of any organization must be to the...

...modern science as a "struggle against marvellous" — a lutte contre le merveilleux. 5 "In no case may we interpret an action as the outcome of the exercise of a higher psychological faculty, if it can be interpreted as the outcome of the exercise of one which stand lower...

...bound to accept the principle above enunciated: that in no case is an animal activity to be interpreted as the outcome of the exercise of a higher psychical faculty, if it can be fairly interpreted as the outcome of the exercise of one which stands lower in the psychological scale....