...gave the Congress "the sole and exclusive right and power of ... regulating the trade and managing all affairs with the Indians, not members of any of...within its own limits be not infringed or violated." The conditional clause made this article practically impossible to construe; James Madison declared...

...of Confederation both stipulated Congress's authority and muddied the waters with a proviso stating that "the legislative right of any State within its own limits be not infringed or violated." 29 States negotiated treaties with native people, often under very dubious conditions and on occasion...

...standards of weights and measures throughout the united states — regulating the trade and managing all affairs with the Indians, not members of any of...through the same as may be requisite to defray the expenses of the said office — appointing all officers of the land forces, in the service of the united...

...the standard of weights and measures throughout the United States - regulating the trade and managing all affairs with the Indians, not members of any of...States, and exacting such postage on the papers passing thro' the same as may be requisite to defray the expences of the said office - appointing all officers...

...the dard of weights and measures throughout the united states — regulating the trade and managing all affairs with the Indians, not members of any of...of any state within its own limits be not infringed ot violated — establishing and regulating post-offices from one state to another, throughout all...

...Congress assembled have the sole and exclusive right and power of regulating the trade, and managing all affairs with the Indians, not members of any of the states, provided the legislative right of any State, within its own limits, be not infringed or violated"* The southern...

...nun dem Kongress „the solc and exclusive right and power of ... regulating the trade and managing all affairs with the Indians, not members of any of...within its own limits be not infringed or violated." Auch Klausel 2 desselben Artikels betraf die nationale Indianerpolitik, überantwortete sie doch dem...

...State within its own limits be not infringed or violated — establishing or regulating post offices from one State to another, throughout all the United...through the same as may be requisite to defray the expenses of the said office — appointing all officers of the land forces, in the service of the United...

...... regulating the trade and managing all affairs with the Indians [sic], not members of any state, provided that the legislative right of any state within its own limits be not infringed or violated."42 The Constitution also differentiated tribes from other states or jurisdictional entities:...

...States in congress assembled the sole and exclusive right of "regulating the trade and managing all the affairs with the Indians, not members of any of the states: provided, that the legislative power of any state within its own limits be not infringed or violated." . . . The Indian nations had...