...Constitution distinctions sanctioned by law between citizens because of race, ancestry, color or religion "are by their very nature odious to a free people...institutions are founded upon the doctrine of equality." Hirabayashi v. United States, 320 US 81, 100. We make no racial distinctions between citizens in exacting...

...plainly did not undertake to authorize the bargaining representatives to make such discriminations. Cf. Yick Wo v. Hopkins, 118 US 356 ; Yu Cong Eng v. Trinidad, 271 US 500 ; Missouri ex rel. Oaines v. Canada. 305 US 337 ; Bill v. Testat, 316 US 400. To the same effect is...

...plainly did not undertake to authorize the bargaining representatives to make such discriminations. Cf. Yick Wo v. Hopkins, 118 US 356 ; Yu Cong Eng v. Trinidad, 271 US 500; Missouri ex rel. Oaines v. Canada. 305 US 337; Sill v. Texas, 316 US 400. To the same effect is Tunstall...

...consistently repudiated "[distinctions between citizens solely because of their ancestry" as being "odious to a free people whose institutions are founded upon the doctrine of equality." Hirabayashi v. United States, 320 US 81, 100 (1943). At the very least, the Equal Protection Clause...

...consistently repudiated "[distinctions between citizens solely because of their ancestry" as being "odious to a free people whose institutions are founded upon the doctrine of equality." Hirabayashi v. United States, 320 US 81, 100 (1943). At the very least, the Equal Protection Clause...

...based on race, religion, color, or national origin are contrary to the spirit of our institutions. "Distinctions between citizens solely because of their...institutions are founded upon the doctrine of equality." Stone, CJ in Hirabayashi v. United States, 320 US 81, 100 (1943) . See also Oyama v. California, 332...

...based on race, religion, color, or national origin are contrary to the spirit of our institutions. "Distinctions between citizens solely because of their...institutions are founded upon the doctrine of equality." Stone, CJ in Hirabayashi v. United States, 320 US 81, 100 ( 1943) . See also Oyama v. California, 332...

...based on race, religion, color, or national origin are contrary to the spirit of our institutions. "Distinctions between citizens solely because of their...institutions are founded upon the doctrine of equality." Stone, CJ in Hirabayashi v. United States, 320 US 81, 100 (1943) . See also Oyama v. California, 332...

...hardly one that an American can contemplate with satisfaction. As the Court has eloquently declared, "Distinctions between citizens solely because of their...institutions are founded upon the doctrine of equality." Yet it cannot be gainsaid that those who, like Toyosaburo Korematsu, were forced into the Relocation...

...political significance of race altogether: Classifications of citizens solely on the basis of race "are by their very nature odious to a free people...institutions are founded upon the doctrine of equality." They threaten to stigmatize individuals by reason of their membership in a racial group and to incite...