...those who felt and thought in that manner, eagerly embraced." — Mv. Madison said in the Federalist,1 "Bills of attainder, ex post facto laws, and laws...former are expressly prohibited by the declarations preftxed to some of the state Constitutions, and all of them are prohibited by the spirit and scope...

...being a " constitutional bulwark in favor of personal security and private rights " against laws which are " contrary to the first principles of the social compact, and to every principle of sound legislation."8 Apparently nothing was in view at the time except to prevent the repudiation of debts...

...centralization. To quote in full: " Bills of attainder, ex-post-faElo laws and laws impairing the obligations of contracts are contrary to the first principles...and to every principle of sound legislation." (The Federalist, 44.) It is nevertheless true that in the matter of pensions this principle has been repeatedly...

...to the extent or in the manner prescribed." In Ogden v. Saunders, 12 Wheat. 213, 267, in speaking of bills of attainder, ex post facto laws, and laws impairing the obligation of contracts, it was said: " The first two of these prohibitions apply to laws of a criminal, and the last to laws...

...founded." In the Federalist, Mr. Madison declared that laws impairing the obligation of contracts were contrary to the first principles of the social compact and to every principle of sound legislation; and in the Dartmouth College Case Mr. Webster contended that acts, which were there held to impair...

...bills of attainder, ex post facto laws, and laws which impair the obligation of contracts as equally " contrary to the first principles of the social compact and to every principle of sound legislation."3 And he further intimates, that while States had already begun prohibiting the two former...

...and implied. There are also, of course, prohibitions of both classes on the States. The inhibition of bills of attainder, ex post facto laws, and laws impairing the obligation of contracts (Art. I., Sec. 10, Par. 1) is unqualified. The prohibition of State customs duties is qualified by...

...treaties with foreign powers, granting letters of marque, coining money, issuing bills of credit, passing bills of attainder, ex post facto laws, and laws impairing the obligation of contracts, — there could not of course be any possibility of imitation. CHAPTER V. THE EVOLUTION FROM THE COLONIAL...

...laws impairing the obligation of contracts as among those not only violating the constitution, but 'contrary to the first principles of the social compact, and to every principle of sound legislation.' Again, in I'aine v. Baldwin, 3 Sinedes & M. 675,— one of the cases now before us,— it is truly...

...and implied. There are also, of course, prohibitions of both classes on the States. The inhibition of bills of attainder, ex post facto laws, and laws impairing the obligation of contracts (Art. I., Sec. 10, Par. 1) is unqualified. The prohibition of State customs duties is qualified by...