446.

Breiddin group of hills, 680.
Bremontier, M., 549.

Brescia, disastrous explosion in the
city of, 521.

tralis seen at, 527.

Cape of Good Hope, observatory estab-
lished at, 156; coast and harbour,
503; thistle-butterfly found at the,
572.

naturally divided into the three| Breezes, alternate land and sea, 444-| Cape Horn, view of, 348; Aurora Aus-
orders of aërial, terrestrial, and
aquatic, 580; bird-rocks of the north-
ern seas, 580; tameness of many
kinds, 581; singing-birds, 582; orders
and species, 582; species in Britain,
582; locomotive powers of birds,
582; localities of birds, and their
migrations, 583; distribution of the
varieties of, 592; fossil remains of,
during the several periods, 640.
Birs Nimrood, view of, 1; ruins of, 2.
Bise, a cold, piercing wind in France,
450.

Bison, the, 589, 598.

Bituminous, or pitch springs, 275;
fossils, 642; matter, 779.
Black Sea, 347, 366; was once united to
the inland Asian seas, 578.
Blanc, Mont, description
ascents to, 203, 205.
Blesson, Mr, his researches regarding
the ignis-fatuus, 544.
Bloomfield, Robert, quoted, 467.

of, and

Blue John Mine, description of, 248;
view of "Organ stalactite in, 249.
Blumenbach, Professor, 601, 604-606,
753.

Boa constrictor, the, 579.
Bode, Professor, his observation of the
planetary system, 46; his catalogue
of the stars, 158.
Bodies, the heavenly, were anciently
objects of superstitious regard and
fear, 3; animal and vegetable, con-
tain carbonate of lime, 623.
Body, the human, can bear great ex-
tremes of heat and cold, 484; diver-
sities of the human, in different
races, 605; its growth, decay, and
diseases the same in all races, 608;
its bones and teeth contain much
carbonate of lime, 623.
Bohemian coal-mines, 702.
Boleslaw lake, in Bohemia, 320.

Bolton and Manchester Railway, fossil
trees on the, 705.

Bombay, annual rain-falls at, 470.
Bone, how to petrify, 642.
Bone Well, view of the, 667.

Bones principally composed of carbo-
nate of lime, 623.
Bonpland, Aimé, 518, 576.

Bootes, the herdsman, or bear-keeper,

constellation of, 6, 153; apparently
pursues Ursa Major round the pole
of the heavens, 154.
Boothia, western coast of, 523.
Borelli developed the influence of gra-
vity, 38.

Borrowdale, pure lumbago found in,
624.

Borrowstounness, fossil shells at, 775.
Bory de St Vincent, M., 548.
Bosphorus, mouth of the, 199; view of,
347; drains the Black Sea, 366.
Botanical regions of plants, 560-564.
Bothnia, gulf of, 328.

Bouguer, M., 533.

Boulders, 342, 751, 760, et seq.

Bourbon, isle of, 581.

Bovine race, the, 508, 598, 600, 601,
605, 606.

Brachiopoda, fossil, illustrated, 665.
Bradley, Rev. James, was the third
astronomer-royal, 42; discovered the
cause of the aberration of the stars,
43; also the nutation of the earth's
axis, 43; his great industry, 43; his
death ignorantly interpreted as a
divine judgment, 43, 44.
Brandes, Professor, 131.
Brazil, forests of, 556.
Bread-fruit tree, the, 563.

Breakwater in Plymouth Sound, 350.
Breccia, its formation, 624.

Brecon, view of hills near, 667,
682.

Breeds, mixed animal, 609.

Bridge, natural, in Virginia, descrip-
tion and view of, 291; Ain el Leban,
301.

Bridlington bay, 394.

Brighton, atmospherical spectra seen
at, 540.

Bristol Channel, tide in the, 356, 358.
Britain, climate of ancient, 507; the
Romans in, 507; early surface of,
771, 782; diagram of the succession
of strata in, 638; granitic rocks of,
645; coal strata of, 652.
British Association, 350.
British Channel, the, produced by a
disruption between France and Eng-
land, 578.

British Museum, remarkable slab in
the, 715; saurians in the, 721.
Brittany, climate of, 493.
Broaw, peat district of Loch, 769.
Brocken, account of the spectre of the,
with illustrative view, 541.
Brockhill, view of trap-dyke at, 681.
Brongniart, M., 643, 651, 657, 703, 704,
736, 738.

Brooke, Sir A. de Capell, 332.
Brown, Mr R., his botanical researches,

566.

Bruce, James, of Kinnaird, his ima-
ginod discovery of the source of the
Nile, 279; his description of its
localities, 295; of the simoom, 447;
of a sand-storm, 456; of wild oats,
567.

Bruno, Jordano, maintains the proper
motions of stars, 177.

Brydone, citations from his Tour in
Sicily and Malta, 160, 369, 539; his
account of a sirocco, 449.
Bûch, Von, 619, 650, 711.
Buckland, Dr, 251-254, 619, 630, 672,
673, 681, 682, 702, 703, 712, 714, 720,
721, 723, 725, 734, 757, 762.
Buenos Ayres, drought at, 472; hail-

storm in, 479; fatal thunder-storm in,
518; insects of, 574; estuary deposits
near, 567.

Buffalo, 598, 606.

Buffon, the Count de, 497, 586, 587.
Bullers of Buchan, 648.

Burdie-house, limestone, 694.
Burnes, the late Sir Alexander, 422.
Buxton wells, 269.

Byron, Lord, quotations from the works
of, 159, 261, 286, 326, 334, 399, 448;
swins across the Hellespont, 366.

Cabro di Capello, 579.
Cactus family of plants, indigenous
only to America, 558; botanical
region of the, 561.
Caddis-worms, fossil, 745.

Cader Idris, lake on, 324; porphyritic
columnar trap of, 627.

Caen Stone, 725.
Cainozoic period, 638.
Cairngorm, district of, 649.

Calamites in carboniferous strata, view
of, 706.

Calcutta, annual rain-falls at, 471.
Calm at sea, illustration of a, 438.
Cambrian system, 637, 662.
Camel, the, 590.

Campagna di Roma, is mainly volcanic,

427.

Canada, lakes of, 318; climate of, 497.
Canary Islands, 362, 441.

Cancer, or constellation of the Crab,

150.

Canis Major, and Canis Minor, constel-
lations of, 154.

Canton, unwonted snow-fall at, 475.
Cape Cod, view of sand-drift at, 761.

Capricornus, or constellation of the
Goat, 151.

Caprifoliacea, region of the, 561.
Caraccas, coast of, 362, 364; earth-
quakes in, 431.

Caradoc sandstones, 668; group, 674;
hill of Caer, 680.

Carbonate of lime, enters into com-
position of organic and inorganic
bodies, 623.

Carboniferous system, 638, 040, 642;
coal often turned to coke in the, 652;
chapter on the, 690-707.
Cardona, salt-mines of, 711.
Cardoon plant, the, its wonderful fer-
tility, 569.

Carex plant, of great use to the Lap-
landers, 560.

Carlsbad, granitic veins at, 650.
Carnans, fall of the mountain, 408.
Carniola, caverns of, 571.

Carnivorous races of men, 597.
Carrara marble, 624, 632.

Caryophillæ, botanical region of the,

560.

Caspian, the, 311, 314, 323, 324, 578.
Cassia plants, 563.

Cassini discovered satellites of Saturn,
34, 45.

Cassiopeia, constellation of, new star
appears in the, 167.
Cassiquiaire river, singularity of the,
280; its junction with the Orinoco,
299, 500.

Castalia, or Castaly, fountain of, 260,
261; views of, 260, 614.
Castleton Dale cavern, description of,
244, 692.

Cat, notices of the, 588, 598.
Catalogues of stars, 143, 158, 166, et al.
Catania, city of, 410.

Cataracts, how formed, 283; of the
Nile, 284.

Catecucaumene, or burnt-up region of
Asia Minor, 429; view in the, 430.
Catenipora escaroides, view of the,
640.

Catlin, Mr, 762.

Cattle, varieties of, 601, 606.
Caucasian race of men, 601, 609.
Caucasus, mountains of the, 218; road
made in by Alexander of Russia,
219; great plain of the, 224; steppes
of the, 225; snow-line of the, 488.
Caverns and subterranean passages,
238-258; temperature diverse in,
249-251; fossils of, 251-255; the
Delphian in Greece, 239; Thor's, in
Derbyshire, 239; of Sweden, Norway,
&c., 240; of Fingal, in Staffa, 241; of
Iceland, 242; of Eldon Hole, 242;
of Peveril of the Peak, 243; of
Castleton Dale, 244, 692; of the
Guacharo, 245; stalactitic, such as
Antiparos, 246; and Adelsberg, 247;
of Blue John mine, 248; of Kirkdale,
251; of Devonshire, &c., 252; of
Germany, 254; of Gailenreuth, 254,
255; Grotto del Cane, at Naples,
255; others similar to it, 256; of
Dudley Castle, 257; of Odin's Mine,
258; of Carniola, 571; at Notting-
ham Castle, 707, 710.
Cayenne, humidity of, 471.
Cayman, the, 579.
Cayster, the river, 398.
Cedar-tree, respect of the Arabs for the,

559.

Celano, lake, the ancient Fucinus, 312.
Century, eighteenth, opened with the
physical demonstrations of Newton,
and closed with the telescopic dis-
coveries of Herschel, 44; nineteenth,

commenced with additions to the
planetary system, 46.
Cephalaspis, the, illustrated, 686.
Cerastes, the, or horned snake, 579.
Cereals, the, or cultivated grains, 552;
tropical regions not favourable to the
growth of, 553, 554, 597; origin of
the, 567, 594.

Ceres, the planetoid, 91.

Cerithium giganteum, view of the,
744.

Ceylon, island of, 590.

Chaetodon rostratus, or insect-shooting
fish, 575.

Chalcedony, 655.

Chaldea, the plains of, the primal seat
of astronomy, 4.

Chaldeans, their priests noted the rising
and setting of the stars, 2; eclipses,
3; were acquainted with cycle of
days, 3; invented the zodiac, 3.
Chalk, notices of, 372, 635-637; of
England, Ireland, and foreign coun-
tries, 731, et seq.; composition of,

733.

Challenger, loss of the frigate, 365.
Chalmers, Mr, 520.

Chamouni, valley of, 203, 208, 209,
372, 645, 647.

Champagne, poor soil of, 736.

Chandler, Dr, his account of Castaly,
&c., 261, 398.

Change common to man and universal
nature, 370.

Changes in oceanic regions, chapter on
the, 370-385; by denudation of the
land, 370-372; by accretions, 373;
by elevations of the bed of the sea, as
of volcanic islands, 374-380; and
coral islands and reefs, 380-385.
Charles Island, 581.
Charnwood Forest, Leicestershire, 645;
granitic veins in, illustrated, 650;
rocks of, 662, 752.

Charybdis and Scylla, 367-369.

Claystone, a kind of basalt, 653; por-
phyry, 654.

Clearness of the ocean waters, 331.
Cleavage planes in strata, 630.
Clermont, valley of, its characteristics,
428.

Cleveland basaltic wall, 654.

Climate, chapter on physical, 484-515;
definition of the term, 484; deter-
mining causes of, 484; by geographi-
cal position, 485; by land-levels, 486
-492; by oceanic proximity, 492-
495; from various other causes, 495
-504; in equatorial and hot regions,
504; in warm, temperate, and cold
regions, 505; in frozen, 506; changes
of, inquiry into, 507-509; excessive
winters, 509-513; summers, 518-
515; changes shewn by geological
researches, 515; extremes of heat
and cold in opposite, 596; influences
complexion, 602; of the tropics, fatal
to Europeans, 608.
Clinkstone, a felspathian basalt, 653.
Clouds, 462-468; lightning, have been
traversed with impunity, 517.
Clyde, river, and Severn, singularity of
their courses, 280.
Clywdd, vale of, 668, 752.
Coal, localities of, 620; zigzag stratum
of, 625; "fault" in strata, 629;
deceptive signs of, 629; fossil leaves
in, 631; localities of, 639; strata of,
654; importance of, 690; unknown
to the ancients, 691; earliest men-
tion of in English history, 691; coal-
bearing system, 692-694; measures,
694; beds of, in Britain, 696-699;
mining of, 699; districts, 700-702;
foreign localities of, 702; fossil ferns
in, 703; sigillariæ in, 704; stigmariæ,
lepidodendra, and calamites in, 705;
coniferæ in, 706.

Coasts, advance of, 397-406.
Coccosteus, the, illustrated, 687.

Chateaubriand, M., his adventure at Cocoa-palm, the, 557.

Niagara Falls, 290.

Chellaston gypsum, 711.

Chert, 677.

Cheshire, rock-salt of, 712, 778.
Chiastolite slate, 663.

Chichester, antique slab found at, 728.
Chili, accounts of earthquakes in, 405,
406, 431; its climate, 486; its flora,
562, 564; Chonos archipelago, near,
568.

Chiltern Hundreds, the, 736.
Chimboraço, Mount, 203, 205, 221,
645.

China, flora of, 563; people of, 602.
Chinese claim the honour of first ob-
serving the celestial sphere, 4; their
native histories of dubious credit, 4.
Chinese porcelain, felspar a component
of, 648.

Chinese seas, the, 371; boatmen, their
complexions, 603.

Chirotherium, view of fossil traces of
the, 714.

Chlorite, its nature, and where found,
623, 659.

Chronology, geological, 621.

Cicero's villa, alleged remains of, 405.
Cinchone, or medicinal barks, region
of, 561.

Cirknitz, lake of, 323.

Cirrocumulus, or sondercloud, 467.
Cirrostratus, or wanecloud, 467.
Cirrus, or curlcloud, 464.
Civilisation has arisen out of the wants
and weakness of man, 596; is favour-
able to longevity, C07.

Classes of mankind, five grand, 001-
604.

Classes of plants, 548-550; of animals,

571.

Classification of rocks, 622-642.
Clathrariæ, fossil forests of, 730.
Clay slate system, 638, 662, et al.

Cod-fish, 577.

Col du Midi, 646.

Cold regions, climate of, 505.
Colebrook in Connecticut, gneiss at,
625.

Coleridge, S. T., citations from his
hymn before sunrise in the valley of
Chamouni, 209; from his Ancient
Mariner, 328, 450.

Colours of water in lakes, 322, 331; in
the ocean, 330; of the various races
of men, 599-601; of animals, 600.
Columbia, gold found in, 634.
Columbia River, springs of the, 279;
bisons of the, 589; trap rocks of the,
627.

Columbus, his great discovery, 194,
359, 360, 439; first observed the
trade-winds, 439; incident in his
second voyage, 520.
Columnar structure of rocks, 626.
Comets, general observations on, opi-
nions of the ancients respecting,
origin of the word, their character-
istics and diversities, 108; differences
between them and planets, 109;
opinions regarding, of Aristotle,
Seneca, Tycho Brahé, 109; researches
relative to, of Hevelíus, Newton, and
Halley, 109; diagram of the path of
one, 110; statistics of, 110; general
characteristics of, 110; comet of the
year 1680, speculations and calcula-
tions regarding the, 111; comet of
1682, commonly called Halley's, 112;
predictions of that astronomer, 113;
verified by its return in the years
1758 and 1835, 113; appearances of,
and speculations regarding, in former
times, 114; illustrations of cometary
phenomena, 116; details of various
other comets, 117-119; comet of
1811, 119-121; Arago's table of

comets, 121; Encke's and Biela's
comets, 122; comet of 1843, 123-
127; transformations of, 127; gene-
ral reflections on comets, 127; irra-
tionality of the fears indulged regard-
ing them, 128-130; periodical, 192.
Commerce, the pursuits of, first stimu-
lated the knowledge of geography,
193; extended, arose first in Egypt,
194; thence spread to Western
Europe, 194.

Como, lake of, intermitting spring near
the, 266; mica-schist of the, 661.
Complexion of the different races of
men, 599-601.

Compositæ, arborescent, 562.
Composition of rocks, 622.

Compound stars, 172-179. See Stars.
Comrie, atmospheric phenomenon seen
near the village of, 542.
Conception, bay of, 775.
Condamine, M. de la, 239.
Conductors, lightning, their use and
importance, 520; used by the ancients,
522.

Conglomerate rocks, 624.
Conglomerates, 662, et al.
Coniferæ, view of fossil, 706, 709.
Conjunction of the planets Saturn,
Jupiter, and Mars, 167.

Connecticut river, the, 714; valley,
715.

Constantine, the emperor, 33.
Constellations, general list of, 148: of
the zodiac, 149-152; of the northern
hemisphere, 152-154; of the south-
ern, 155.

Conto, Mont, in the Val Bregaglia, 410.
Contorted lamination in strata, 625.
Conybeare, Mr, 619, 657, 682, 708, 721,
722, 736, 741, 752.

Cook, Captain James, his second voyage
and its results, 196, 504, 527, 563.
Copernicus, 8; revolutionised for ever
astronomical science, 19; particulars
of his life, 19; his scheme of the
universe, 20-22; anticipated the
discovery, seventy years after his
death, of the phases of Venus by
Galileo, 30.

Copper and zinc conjoined in the
Cornish mines, 633, 634.
Coprolites, C94.

Cor Caroli, constellation of, 147.
Coral islands and reefs, 326, 380-335;
blocks, view of, 380; how formed,
382; those of Australia, 383-385;
of the Pacific ocean, 384; usually
inhabited, 596.

Coral ragstone, 726.
Corals, formation of, 767; illustrations
of, 768.

Cordilleras, the, 221, et al., 492, 591;
insect swarms of, 574; aged Indians
of the, 607.

Corinth, limestone rocks in the gulf of,
612.

Cornbrash limestone, 724.

Cornwall, rich in felspar, 623; mines
of, 633; tin of, 649; erratic block
in, 762.

Corrao, volcanic island of, 376. See
Hotham Island.
Corstorphine Hill, 652, 763.
Cortes, a servant of, first sowed wheat
in America, 567.
Cotopaxi, description and view of, 211,
221, 781.

Cotton quoted, 242.
Cotyledonous plants, 550.
Coulommiers, section of a hill at, 758.
Coup de soleil, 505.
Cowper quoted, 452.

Crab, the land, its migrations, 578.
Craigleith quarry, fossil tree in, 706.
Crampton, Mr, on the Mare Imbrium,
85.

Creator, original design of the, 785,
et al.

Cretaceous system, 638, 641; chapter | Deerfield in Massachusetts, remarkable | Drummond, Sir W., assigns a know-
on the, 731-736; members of the,

732.

Crétins, cagots, or goîtred idiots of the

Alps and Pyrenees, 459.

Crich-hill, Derbyshire, view of, 628.
Crinoïdeans, 676.

Crocodile, the, 579, 590, 741.

stratum at, 625.

Delaware Bay, 396.

De Luc, M., 648, 772.

ledge of the telescope to the Greeks,
Chaldeans, and Hindoos, 16.
Ducie's Island, corals of, 384.

Deluge, the great, was partial only, Duddon, source of the river, 279.

594.

Dembia, lake of, 311.

Denderah, sculptured planisphere of, 5.

Cronburg Castle, and entrance to the Denon, M., 421.
Sound, view of, 363.

Crop out, the mining term, 629.
Cross, constellation of the, its composi-

tion, beauty, and utility, 155; Von
Spix and Martins's description of,
155; lines on, by Mrs Hemans,
156.

Cruciferous plants, botanical region of
the, 560.

Crust of the earth, composition of the,
611, et seq.; stratified, 619; its mate-
rials, 622; carbonate of lime supposed
to form one-seventh part of it, 624;
disturbances of, beneficial, 629.
Crustacea, fossil, 640.

Cryptogamic plants, 550, 563, 565, 569,
570.

Crystallization of rocks, 631.
Crystals of snow, various forms of, 474,
475.

Cuba, island of, 606, 608; fresh springs
in the ocean near, 259.
Culture, its ameliorating effects on
plants, 568.

Cumana, electrical action manifested
at, 518; double halo round the moon
seen at, 530.

Cumbrian group, 663, et seq.
Cumulo-stratus, or twaincloud, 467.
Cumulus, or stackencloud, 464.
Cunningham, Mr, 715.

Currents of rivers, 281, 283, 372; of the
ocean, 359-369; of the atmosphere,

437.

Curved strata in rocks illustrated,
625-630.

Cuthbert, St, beads of, 677.

Cuvier, observations of, 252, 254, 380,
397, 400, 571, 590, 595, 603, 619, 713,
721-760.

Cycades, 706; view of fossil, 709.
Cygnus, the swan, constellation of, 163;
temporary star in, 168.

Dalton, Dr, his insensibility to colour,
176; on height of clouds, 463; esti-
mates deposit of dew, 480; his account
of the aurora borealis, 526, 529.
Dampier, Captain, his account of the
tropical winds, 445, 446.

Daniell, Professor, his analysis of sea-
water, 329; his account of prevailing
winds, 460; hygrometrical experi-
ments, 462.

Danube, the river, 466; account of its
shores, by Virgil, 508.
Dardanelles, the. See Bosphorus and
Hellespont.

Darial, defile of the, 218-220.
Dartmouth hills, thunder-storm in the,

519.

Darwin, observations of Mr, 471, 472,

504, 555, 550, 564, 568, 569, 574, 581,
582, 585, 593, 650, 6C8, 755, 758, 761,
763.

Date-palm, the, 556.
Daubeny, Dr, 433, 787.
D'Aubuisson, M., 617, 620, 649.
Davy, Sir Humphry, philosophical re-
flection of, 399; his theory of carth-
quakes and volcanic eruptions, 433;
of mists, 465; on peat, 769.
Dead fish in the ocean, C90.
Dead Sea, the, 314-316; view of, 314;
fabled fruits of the, 315; analysis of
its waters, 316.

De Candolle, botanical notices of M.,
331, 547-550, 560, 569, 598.
Deccan, the, 652.

Dee, the river, 324.

Denudation of the land by rivers,
370-373; valleys of, 629.
Deposits, sedimentary, the origin of
stratified rocks, 627, et al.; were all
originally horizontal, 631.
Depths of lakes, table of, 322; of the
ocean, 326, 327.
Derbyshire, toadstone of, 655; lead-
mines of, 692; peat-moss of, 770.
Deserts, great, 223; of Europe, 223; of
Asia, 225, 228; Africa, 225; of
Sahara, 226-228; of the north, 229;
of America, 230-232, 234; of France,
237; of the East, 421-423.
Deshayes, M., 740, 743, 747, 750.
Desmarest, M., 578.

Devonshire, mild climate of, 492; geo-
logy of, 682.

Dew, formation of, 480; depositions of,
480; in hot climates, 481.
Diablerets mountains, fall of one of
the, 411.
Diallage, 650.

Dicotyledonous plants, 550, 563.
Diluvium, fossil animals found in,

753-760; boulders of, 763–765.
Dinornis of New Zealand, 715.
Dinotherium, view of the, 748.
Diodorus Siculus, 144, 423, 535.
Diorite or greenstone, 645.
Dip of strata, 614, 627.
Dipterous fossil fish, 689.
Discordant, or unconformable strata,
623.

Discovery, astronomical, history of,
1-32.

Disintegrated granite, view of, 648.
Dislocation of strata illustrated, 629.
Disruption of rocks by igneous action,
632, et al.

Dissemination of plant-seeds, 565-567.
Distances, relative, of the planets from
the sun, 46, 189; of the stars, 162-

164.

Distribution of plants, 546-571; of
animals, 571-594; of fossils, 635.
Districts, the various coal, 700, et seq.
Disturbances, ancient, of the earth's
crust have been beneficial to man-
kind, 629.

Divination, founded on the appearance
of the heavens, 3.
Division of plants, 548-550.
Dobrizhoffer, 479.
Docility of fish, 575.
Dodo, the, 767, 786.

Dodona, inflammable fountain of, 275.
Dog, notices of the, 587, 595, 601, C06.
Dome, chain of Mont de, 746.
Dorsetshire, land-slip on the coast of,
392; coast of, abundant in ichthyo-
sauri, 722; strata of, 727.
Dovedale, valley of, description and
view, 221.

Dover, straits of, 390; chalk-cliff of,

391; present state and ancient con-
dition of, 396.

Downs or dunes, how formed, 400;
localities of, 401.

Dranse, the river, its source, 413; its
irruption, 414.

Drayton quoted, 679.

Drift and erratic blocks, 751-765, et al.
Drift timber in the arctic seas, 361.
Dripping well at Knaresborough, 277.
Dromedary, the, 590.

Drought, details of a great, in South
America, 471, 472; in India, 472.
Dru, Aiguille de, view of, 647.
Druids, tradition of the, 648.

Dudley basalt, notices of the, 627, 654;
Silurian rocks of, 680.

Dudley Castle caverns, description and
view of, 257.
Dufrénoy, M., 650.
Dugong, the, 591.

Dumont d'Urville, his discoveries, 196.
Dundry Hill, 725.

Dunwich, changes at, 395.
Durdham-down, fossil remains at, 713.
Durham, magnesian limestone in, 639.
Durrenstein, on the Danube, view of,

466.

Dykes, in strata, C33; volcanic, 656.

Earth, transmission of light from the

sun to the, 35; its distance from the
sun, 53, 73; revolution of round the
sun, 64; general observations on, 70;
its spherical figure proved, 71; its
diameter at the pole and equator, 71;
its rotation proved, 72; its transla
tion and velocity in space, 72; the
seasons caused by its double move-
ments, 73; precession of the equi-
noxes, 73; atmosphere of the, 75; is
visible to some of the planetarians,
but not to others, 75; is invisible to
a moiety of the lunarians, 80; den-
sity of the, 106; great natural divi-
sions of the surface of the, 193–199;
antiquity of the, 429, 434; supposed
causes of volcanic action and earth-
quakes in the, 433; importance of
rain to the, 462; benefits of diverse
climates in the, 484; soils of, influ-
ence climate, 495; climate of, has
undergone changes, 515; zoological
provinces of the, 588-591; popula-
tion of the, 596; true shape of, 613;
composition of the crust of the, 622,
et al.; fractured surface of, caused
by upheavings, 629.
Earthquakes, 386; at Lisbon, 386; in
Peru, 386; Jamaica, 386; Chili, 405;
action of, 430; Creoles of America
distinguish two kinds of, 430; ex-
tensive influence of, 431; in Carac-
cas, 431; in Calabria, 432; causes
of, 433-435.

East, the, astronomical inquiry had its
origin in, 2; in its deserts travellers
early found the stars indispensable
guides, 144.

Easter Island, 593.

Easton, Mr, his table of longevities,
607.

Ebel, M., his account of glaciers, 208.
Ebullient springs, 271-275.
Echinites, fossil, 721.
Eclipses, annular, unobserved by the
ancients, 14; of the sun, 57; cause
of, and description, 58; annular, 59,
81; description of a total, 60; anec-
dote, 61; eclipses of the moon, 79.
Ecliptic, obliquity of the, determined,
18, 74.

Edentes, the, of Cuvier, 590.
Eel, the, its wanderings, 578.
Egg, Scuir of, 653.
Egypt, once the chief seat of astrono-
mical science, 8; ancient and present
condition of its land, 397, 421; hot
winds of, 447, 448; granitic monu-
ments of, 648.

Egyptian system, the, explained and
examined, 14; was the prototype of
the Tychonic, 14.

Egyptians claim the honour of first
observing the celestial sphere, 4;
learned from the Greeks to measure
the pyramids by their shadows, 4.
Egmont, Mount, in New Zealand, view
and description of, 201.

Great Britain, the surface of, nearly Hannibal, his passage into Italy, 217.
all stratified, 635.
Great Slave Lake, 318, 323.
Grecks, their attainments in astrono-
mical science, 6, 12.