The report on cane-sugar and United States beet-sugar is by Willett & Gray; that on European beet-sugar by Licht. 1872-73.. 1879-80. 1889-90. 1894-95. 1895-96. 1896-97. 1897-98.. 1898-99. Year. Sugar. Louisiana. Lbs. Other 125,346,493 198,962,278 Gallons. Gallons. Gallons. Lbs. Long Tons. 9,486,000 134,824,493 60,193 8,688,000 207,877,278 92,802 287,490,271 18,276,000 305,766,271 136,503 710,827,438 18,565,123 729,392,561 325,621 28,334,513 9,282,561 37,617,074 532,494,652 11,139,074 543,633,726 242,693 21,663,410 5,569,547 27,232,957 631,699,561 12,475,762 644,175,323 287,578 20,820,130 6,886,927 27,707,057 695,101,878 12,850,000 707,951,878 316,183 22,241,510 7,093,634 29,335,441 549,947,417 7,710,000 557,657,417 248,957 24,952,188 5,320,226 30,272,414 Sugar Act. The popular name of an ister, he introduced into Parliament two act of the British Parliament, officially measures of vast importance to the Ameriknown as the molasses act. In 1733 the can colonists. The first was the revival British government laid a prohibitive duty of the old molasses act; the second was on all sugar and molasses imported into the notorious STAMP ACT (q. v.). The North America from the islands of France, immediate effects of the reinforcement of for the purpose of compelling the people the molasses act were seen in the trade of New England particularly to purchase relations between the New England colotheir sugar and molasses from the planters nies and the French West Indies. The in the English West Indies. In 1763, New England people depended largely when Lord Grenville became prime min- upon the products of their fisheries, and a considerable portion found a ready mar- lasses. The trade between the New Engket in the French West Indies. Those land colonies and the French West Indies, possessions in turn depended upon the accordingly, becoming a matter of great molasses raised therein, and the French importance to the people of both sections, government, in order to force a market and the reinforcements of the original act for the sugar, forbade the planters pay- could have but two results: either the ing for the fish with anything except mo- New-Englanders would have to pay the exorbitant duty on the French West Indies molasses, or have it seized without ceremony or compensation. zens. Sugar - house Prison. The principal place of imprisonment within the limits of New York City during the British occupation. The sugar-house was a brick building five stories high, near the Old Middle Dutch Church. Here were confined the prisoners taken on Long Island and elsewhere, and many patriotic citiOwing to improper food, clothing, and medical attendance the prisoners died by the thousands. It was the pitiable condition of these unfortunate heroes that led Washington to refuse to regard them as fair subjects for exchange, because, as he wrote to Lord Howe, "You give us only the dead or dying for our well-fed and healthy prisoners." While the old sugarhouse was kept crowded with prisoners, the prison-ship JERSEY (q. v.) was anchored across the river in Wallabout Bay. Over 12,000 seamen were confined in this hulk at one time, and the number who died in her was estimated at 11,000. Island which Moultrie had so gallantly defended was renamed Fort Moultrie. Sullivan, JAMES, lawyer; born in Berwick, Me., April 22, 1744; began practice in Biddeford in 1770; member of the Massachusetts constitutional convention in 1779-80; attorney-general of Massachusetts in 1790-1807; elected governor in 1807 and 1808. His publications include Observations on the Government of the United States; History of the District of Maine; History of Land-Titles in Massachusetts; Dissertation on the Constitutional Liberty of the Press; Correspondence with Colonel Pickering; History of the Penobscot Indians, in the Massachusetts Historical Collections, etc. He died in Boston, Mass., Dec. 10, 1808. Sullivan, JOHN, military officer; born in Berwick, Me., Feb. 17, 1740; was a lawyer, an earnest patriot, and a member of the first Continental Congress. In December, 1774, he, with John Langdon, led a force against Fort William and Mary, near Portsmouth, and took from it 100 barrels of gunpowder, fifteen can Sullivan, FORT, the former name of Fort Moultrie. On the morning of July 30, 1776, General Lee reviewed the garrison of Fort Sullivan, and bestowed on them marked praise for their valor and fortitude in its defence. At the same time Mrs. Susanna Elliot, young and beautiful, with the women of Charleston, stepped forth and presented to Moultrie's regiment a pair of silken colors, one of blue, the other of crimson, both richly embroidered by their own hands. In a low, sweet voice, Mrs. Elliot said: "Your gallant behavior in defence of liberty and your country entitle you to the highest honors. Accept these two standards as a reward justly due to your regiment; and I make not the least doubt, under Heaven's protection, you will stand by them as long as they can wave in the air of liberty." On receiving them Moultrie said: "The colors shall be honorably supported, and shall never be tarnished." On the morning of July 4 Governor Rutledge visited the garrison, and in the name of South Carolina thanked them; and to Sergeant Jasper he offered a lieu- non, small-arms, and stores. In June, tenant's commission and a sword. The 1775, he was appointed one of the brigasergeant refused the former, but accept- dier - generals of the Continental army, ed the latter. The fort on Sullivan's and commanded on Winter Hill in the JOHN SULLIVAN. siege of Boston. After the evacuation in battle, he withdrew with slight loss. The March, 1776, he was sent with troops atrocities of the Indians (especially the to reinforce the army in Canada, of which Senecas, the most westerly of the Six he took command on the death of Gen- Nations) in the Wyoming Valley, and eral Thomas, June 2, 1776, and soon after- their continual raids upon the frontier re wards exhibited great skill in effecting a settlements in New York, caused a retreat from that province. On the ar- taliatory expedition to be made into their rival of Gates to succeed Sullivan, the country in the summer of 1779. It was latter joined the army under Washington led by General Sullivan, who was instructat New York, and at the battle of Long ed to "chastise and humble the Six NaIsland, in August, he was made prisoner. tions." He collected troops in the WyHe was soon exchanged for General Pres- oming Valley, and marched (July 31), cott, and, joining Washington in West- up the Susquehanna with about 3,000 solchester county, accompanied him in his diers. At Tioga Point he met (Aug. 22) retreat across New Jersey. On the capture Gen. James Clinton, who had come from of Lee, he took command of the troops the Mohawk Valley with about 1,600 men under that officer, and performed good to join him. On the 29th they fell upon service at Trenton and Princeton. In some Tories and Indians who were pretty August, 1777, he made an unsuccessful at- strongly fortified at Chemung (now El tack on the British on Staten Island, and mira), and dispersed them. Before they then joining Washington, commanded the could rally, Sullivan had pushed onward right wing in the battle of Brandywine. to the Genesee River, when he began the He skilfully led in the battle of German- work of destruction. In the course of town, and would have driven the British three weeks he destroyed forty Indian vilfrom Rhode Island, or captured them, in lages and a vast amount of food growing August, 1778, had not D'Estaing failed in fields and gardens. In fields and granto co-operate with him. After a sharp aries 160,000 bushels of corn were wasted by fire. The Senecas had planted orchards West Point in 1841; served in the Seminole War, and in the war against Mexico. He was colonel of the 3d Minnesota Regiment early in 1862, and in the Peninsular campaign commanded a brigade. He was also in the principal battles of the Army of the Potomac in Maryland and Virginia until the close of that year, and in the battle of Chancellorsville. He was sent to Dakota Territory in 1863 to keep the Indians in subjection, where he was successful, and served in the Northeast until his death in Fort Vancouver, Washington Territory, April 17, 1879. in the rich openings in the forest. These were destroyed. A vast number of the finest apple and pear trees, the product of many years of growth, fell before the axe; hundreds of gardens abounding with edible vegetables were desolated; the inhabitants were hunted like wild beasts; their altars were overturned and their graves trampled on by strangers; and a beautiful, well-watered country, teeming with a prosperous people and just rising from a wild state by the aid of cultivation, was cast back a century in the course of a few weeks. This dreadful scourging awed the Indians for the moment, but it did not crush them. In the reaction they had greater strength, and by it the fires of deeper hatred of the white people were kindled far and wide among the tribes upon the borders of the Great Lakes and in the valley of the Ohio. After this campaign Sullivan resigned his commission on account of his shattered health, and received the thanks of Congress. He took a seat in Congress late in 1780, and aided in suppressing the mutiny in the Pennsylvania line. From 1782 to 1786 he was attorney-general of New Hampshire, and from 1786 to 1789 was president of that commonwealth. He was active in other public employments, and saved the State from great confusion by his prudence and intrepidity when discontented persons were stirring up the spirit of insurrection. From 1789 until his death he was United States judge of New Hampshire. He died in Durham, N. H., Jan. 23, 1795. Sully, ALFRED, military officer; born in Philadelphia, Pa., in 1821; son of Thomas Sully, the emigrant painter; graduated at Sully, THOMAS, painter; born in Horncastle, England, June 8, 1783; came to the United States with his parents, who were players, when he was ten years of age. At fifteen he began to paint at Charleston, S. C., and at twenty established himself as a portrait-painter at Richmond, Va. He went to Philadelphia in 1809, where he resided and practised his profession until his death, Nov. 5, 1872. During a visit to England (183738) he painted a portrait of Queen Victoria. His picture of Washington Crossing the Delaware is in the possession of the Boston Museum. Summerfield, JOHN, clergyman; born in Preston, England, Jan. 31, 1798; was educated at a Moravian school; came to New York in 1821, and was admitted to the Methodist conference of that State. He preached in Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Washington in 1822, his eloquence arousing enthusiasm. He went to France in 1822, and returned to the United States in 1824 and preached in the large cities. He was the founder of the American Tract Society. He died in New York City, June 13, 1825. CHARLES SUMNER, Sumner, CHARLES, statesman; born in Sumner was lecturer to the Law School at Boston, Mass., Jan. 6, 1811; graduated at Harvard, and his familiar theme was conHarvard College in 1830. Appointed a stitutional law and the law of nations. In reporter of the United States Circuit 1837 he visited Europe, travelled extensiveCourt, he published Sumner's Reports ly on the Continent, and resided nearly a (3 volumes), containing the decisions of year in England. Bearing a complimentary Judge Story. He also edited the American letter to the latter country from Judge Jurist, a quarterly law magazine of high Story, he was cordially received, and was reputation. For three winters, while Judge introduced by statesmen on the floor of Story was absent at Washington, Mr. the House of Parliament. In 1840 he re |