Ireland', and were on their route to join the regiment in Flanders'. But', alas'! said the corporal', the Lieutenant's last day's march is over'. Then what is to become of his poor boy'? cried my uncle Toby'.

Thou hast left this matter short', said my uncle Toby to the corporal', as he was putting him to bed', and I will tell thee in whât', Trim'. In the first place', when thou madest an offer of my services to Le Fever', as sickness and travelling are both expensive', and thou knewest he was but a poor Lieutenant', with a son to subsist', as well as himself', out of his pay', that thou didst not make an offer to him of my purse'; because', had he stood in need', thou knowest', Trim', he had been as welcome to it as myself'. Your honour knows', said the corporal', I had no ôrders'. Trûe', quoth my uncle Toby'; thou didst very right', Trim', as a sÔLDIER', but', certainly', very wrong', as a MAN'.

In the second place', for which', indeed', thou hast the same excuse', continued my uncle Toby', when thou offeredst him whatever was in my house', thou shouldst have offered him my. house tôô'. A sick brother officer'.. should have the best quarters', Trim'; and if we had him with us', we could tend and look to him'. Thou art an excellent nurse thyself', Trim'; and what with thy care of him', and the old woman's', and his boy's', and mine together', we might recruit him again at once', and set him upon his legs'.

In a fortnight or three weeks', added my uncle Toby', smiling', he might march'. He will never march', an't please your honour', in this world', said the corporal'. He will march', said my uncle Toby', rising up from the side of the bed', with one shoe off". An't please your honour', said the corporal', he will never march'.. but to his grâve'. He SHALL march', cried my uncle Toby', marching the foot which had a shoe on', though without advancing an inch': he shall march to his regiment'. He cannot stand it', said the corporal'. He shall be supported', said my uncle Toby'. He'll drop at last', said the corporal', and what will become of his boy'? He shall NOT drop', said my uncle Toby', firmly'. A well o'day'! do what we can for him', said Trim', maintaining his point': the poor soul will die'. He shall NOT die', by H- cried my uncle

Toby'..

-n's

The Accusing Spirit', which flew up to Heaven's chancery with the oath', blushed as he gave it in'; and the Recording Angel', as he wrote it down', dropped a tear upon the 'word', and blotted it out forever'.

My uncle Toby went to his bureau', put his purse into his pocket', and having ordered the corporal to go early in the morning for a physician', he went to bed and fell asleep.

The sun looked bright the morning after', to every eye in the village but Le Fever's and his afflicted son's'; the hand of death pressed heavy upon his eyelids', and hardly could the wheel at the cistern turn round its circle', when my uncle Toby', who had got up an hour before his wonted time', entered the Lieutenant's room', and', without preface or apology', sat himself down upon the chair by the bed-side'; and independent of all modes and customs', opened the curtain', in the manner an old friend and brother officer would have done it', and asked him how he did how he had rested in the night'—what was his complaint-where was his pain'-and what he could do to help him? And without giving him time to answer any one of these inquiries', went on and told him of the little plan which he had been concerting for him', with the corporal', the night before'.

You shall go home directly', Le Fever', said my uncle Toby', to my house-and we'll send for a doctor to see what's the matter-and we'll have an apothecary'-and the corporal shall be your nurse', and I'll be your servant', Le Fever'.

There was a frankness in my uncle Toby'-not the effect of familiarity', but the cause of it'—which let you at once into his soul', and showed you the goodness of his nature': to this', there was something in his looks', and voice', and manner', superadded', which always beckoned to the unfortunate to come and take shelter under him'; so that before my uncle Toby had half finished the kind offers he was making to the father', the son had insensibly pressed up close to his knees', and had taken hold of the breast of his coat', and was pulling it towards him'. The blood and spirit of Le Fever', which were waxing cold and slow within him', and were retreating to their last citadel', the heart', rallied back'-the film forsook his eyes for a moment'— he looked up wistfully in my uncle Toby's face'—then cast a look upon his boy'.

Nature instantly ebbed again'-the film returned to its place' -the pulse fluttered'-stopped'-went on'-throbbed'-stopped

again-moved'-stopped-shall I go on'?-No'.

29*

SECTION VI.

Advantages of a Civilized, over a Savage, State.-SPURZHEIM.

It has been asked', whether intelligence or ignorance is the more conducive to happiness. A few observations will prove', that education is highly calculated to promote civilization; and', also', where well conducted', to improve both the body and the mind'. What a difference do we perceive in the conduct of various nations', by observing them through the different periods. of their improvement! The history of every nation in its barbarous state', is sullied with accounts of assassinations', parricides, incest', and violation of the most sacred oaths. The selfish passions appear then to wield an overwhelming power'; and all enjoyments spring from the gratification of the lower propensities.

In periods of ignorance', too', every nation confines moral virtue to itself', and considers the rest of mankind as destined to be its prey. Legislation', corresponding with the national character', is sanguinary', and capital punishment', frequent`, Nay', it falls not on criminals alone', but', also', on their relatives, and on whole districts'. Their religion is founded in terrour'; their gods are endowed with all the lower feelings and affections', such as selfishness', jealousy, anger', and fondness of extravagant actions and expiatory sacrifices'. If they hope for immortality', the scenes of happiness which they expect', are conformable to their actual feelings; such as triumphing over their enemies', and the gratification of low passions and sensual pleasures. Their leading tendency of mind', is atrocity'; and most of their actions`, are but a series of horrid crimes'.

I doubt whether they who consider the savage state so worthy of commendation', would be disposed to give up the comforts of civilization', and be satisfied with the food, clothing', habitations', and accommodations of barbarians`;—whether they would prefer nuts', acorns', roots', insects', and other loathsome animals', to the preparations of a skilful cookery`;whether they would be better pleased with clothes made of the skins of animals, of leaves', or of grass', than with woollen', cotton', linen', or silk habiliments`;-whether they would like to exchange our comfortable rooms for a hollow tree', the cavity of a rock', a den under ground', or a hut of reeds', or of turf and branches of trees;-whether', in short', they would seriously think the rough attempts of savages at painting and sculpture', equal to the statues of Phidias', and the paintings of Raphael'.

In tracing the history of mankind', it may be observed', that', in proportion as nations cultivate their moral and intellectual powers', brutal actions and atrocious crimes are diminished both in number and quality', the manners and pleasures become refined, legislation', milder, religion', purified and freed from superstition', and that science and the arts address themselves to the finer emotions and affections of the mind'.

SECTION VII.

Superiority of Christianity over Paganism.—IB. Savages'. commonly believe in polytheism, and consider all superiour beings'.. as malevolent', and worship them through fear. People in a more cultivated state', admit of superiour beings of a mixed nature', like men'. The gods of the Greeks', for example', were supposed to be endowed with human passions and feelings'. They required food', drink', and sleep. Even Jupiter, the greatest of all, was subject to the frailties of human nature': he was often jealous', artful', cruel', and implacable'. He had overturned every thing in heaven', and compelled the other gods to be his slaves'.

The gods of the Romans', were no less ignoble. They were selfish and mercenary':-could be bribed with fine temples', games', and sacrifices.

Nations a little advanced in learning', have divided invisible beings into benevolent and malevolent. Others have admitted two general principles', the one', benevolent', the other', malevolent; and have also acknowledged many inferiour deities', as emanations from the primitive ones.

Those', again', of more cultivated minds', believe in one su preme', benevolent Deity'; and', likewise', in inferiour spirits', some benevolent', others malevolent'. But the most enlightened'.. acknowledge only one Supreme Being', infinite in wisdom and perfection', and the Creator of all things.

Modes of worship.. deserve', also', particular consideration in the history of man'. These'.. are always conformable to the notions entertained of the nature and character of the deity adored. In order to avert the wrath of the malevolent powers', and to please them', men have made themselves as miserable as possible-by mortifications, by flagellations, by painful exertions and severe labours', by the offering up of sacred victims and human sacrifices', and even by suicides. To gain the favour of manlike gods', sweet-smelling herbs, burning incense,

oblations', and gifts', agreeable impressions on the senses', ceremonies which illustrate a prince at court', and various other formalities', have been employed'.

If we compare the absurdities of paganism', or even the better doctrines of Judaism, with the pure and sublime principles of Christianity', we cannot but perceive,' that the last-mentioned'..are vastly superiour. The Jewish dispensation', indeed', may be viewed as accommodated', in some good degree', to the peculiar condition of the Jews', who were a hard-hearted', stiffnecked', stubborn race'; but', when contrasted with paganism', how generous and noble do the principles of Christianity appear! They prohibit anger, hatred', and revenge'; and enjoin upon us not to return evil for evil, They command forgiveness of every offence'.. seven times in a day`, and', if asked for', seventy times seven'. They require us to love our enemies', to bless them that curse us', and to do good to them that hate us. They interdict all selfish passions', and declare every one to be our neighbour'.

whole of mankind'. Samaria', when the He associated with

The New Covenant was made for the Our Saviour asked drink of a woman of Jews had no dealings with her nation'. Jews and Gentiles'; ate with publicans and sinners`; and declared him', only', who did the will of his heavenly Father', to be his mother', his sister', or brother'.

Before the Christian dispensation', empires were founded by the sword, and by the most cruel and frightful destruction of the vanquished. Christ declared that he came', not to destroy men's lives', but to save them';—that he who exalteth himself, shall be abased. He was no respecter of persons', and considered love and peace'.. as the grand sum of all the commandments. He proposed.. the doctrines of his heavenly Father for the acceptance of mankind', but did not enforce it by the sword. He directed his disciples only to shake off the dust of their feet in departing out of that house or that city in which they had been uncourteously received', or in which their words had not been attended to`.

The superiority of the Christian principles over the Jewish law', is well known'. St. Paul'..said to the Hebrews', that "Christ'.. is more worthy than Moses';" and', "By so much is Christ made a surety of a better Testament':" and', again', "If the first Covenant'.. had been faultless', then would no place have been found for the second." True Christianity'.. improves the moral and religious character'.. of a Jew', and is capable of converting'. . a philosopher".