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the town represented. Elections are held annually. The legislature meets on the second Tuesday in October. There is no senate. Legislative acts are subject to the revision of the executive branch, which can propose amendments, and suspend a proposed law till the next legislature.

The executive is vested in a governor, lieutenant governor, and council of twelve, all chosen by the people for one year. In council, the governor is only the presiding officer, with a casting vote.

The judges of the supreme and county courts may be elected annually by the house of representatives, in conjunction with the executive branch.

Qualifications of the electors amount to universal suf

frage.

Neither of the branches shall exercise the powers of the other; yet the executive is a concurrent part of the legislature, and the court for the trial of impeachments. Once in seven years, thirteen censors are chosen, who examine, during one year, all departments of the government: they have power to order impeachments, and to call a convention of the people. Religious freedom is provided for.

435. State of Connecticut. The constitution was adopted in 1818; till which time it was governed under the colonial charter.

The legislature, called the general assembly, is composed of a house of representatives and a senate of twelve. Representatives are chosen in towns, according to their numbers; senators by general ticket. The citizens are styled in the constitution, electors; and all white male citizens are such, who are resident citizens for six months, and have a freehold of seven dollars yearly value; or who have done militia duty, or paid a tax. Elec

the executive constituted? The judiciary? Qualifications of voters? What other provisions? 435. Connecticut. Date of constitution? How is the legislature constituted? Qualifications? The execu

tors are entitled to vote for all officers, and are eligible themselves to any office. All elections are held annually. The legislature meets on the first Wednesday in May.

The executive power is vested in a governor, elected by the people for one year. Some appointments are made by nomination of the governor to the senate.

The gov

ernor has a qualified negative. He has power to reprieve, but not to pardon: this power resides in the legislature. He is renovable on impeachment. The lieutenant governor is president of the senate.

The judges are chosen by the legislature; they are removable as in Maine; and are disqualified at seventy.

In this state, entire freedom of religion is secured. There is no religious test in office. The constitution recognizes the existence of a large school fund, and provides for its perpetuity.

436. State of Rhode Island. The government of this state has been continued, hitherto, under the charter granted by Charles II. in 1662. The grant was to a company, comprising a governor, deputy governor and council. To this branch has been added a house of representatives, chosen by the people, in towns; and a judiciary department, the judges of which are chosen annually by the people. The administration of the government is carried on by the legislative and executive departments, according to the construction given to the charter by usage. The powers of the governor are very limited. There is perfect freedom as to religious opinions. No religious test. Suffrage is universal.

tive? His powers? The judiciary? 436. Rhode Island. What is said of the government of this state?

CHAPTER II.

New Jersey-Pennsylvania-Delaware--MarylandVirginia-South Carolina-Georgia.

437. State of New Jersey. The constitution of this state was established the 2d of July, 1776, (two days before the declaration of independence.) It was formed on the supposition that the colony might again be taken under the protection of the British crown. It has continued to the present time, without any amendment, except that of changing the word colony for state.

The legislature is vested in a council and general assembly. The council consists of one member from each county, worth at least £1000; and the assembly, of three members from each county, worth at least £500. Power is given to the legislature to apportion the representatives in counties. Time of meeting, second Tuesday next after the second Tuesday in October, annually.

The governor is chosen by the legislature annually. He presides in the council, is chancellor, military chief, and surrogate general. The vice president of the council is successor in case of vacancy. The governor and council are a court of appeals. The pardoning power is vested in this body.

The judges of the supreme court are chosen by the legislature for seven yeais; other judges the same, for a shorter term. They are removable by impeachment.

Voters must be citizens resident one year, and worth £50. Religious freedon, and exemption from taxation for support of worship, are established.

This constitution is remarkable for the mingling of different powers in one branch.

437. New Jersey. Constitution, when established? How is the legislature constituted? The executive department? The judiciary? What are qualifications of voters? 438. Pennsylvania.

N

438. State of Pennsylvania. The present constitution was established in 1790, and has not been since amended. The legislature, called the general assembly, is com posed of a senate and house of representatives. The number of senators may not exceed that of one third, nor be less than one fourth, of that of the house. They are chosen in districts, and are apportioned on the number of taxable inhabitants therein. The number of the house may not be less than sixty, nor greater than one hundred. Its members are chosen in districts, in the same ratio as senators. The qualifications of members are, age of twenty-five years, citizenship and residence. Representatives are chosen annually, senators for four years, one fourth renewed annually. The legislature meets on the first Tuesday in December.

The governor is chosen by the people triennially; he can be chosen only thrice in twelve years. No lieutenant governor. No council. He has the uncontrolled power of appointment of all officers, with remarkably few exceptions. The only qualifications required are citizenship, and residence in the state seven years next before the election. Pardoning power, except in cases of impeachment.

The judiciary is vested in a supreme court, and inferior courts. Judges are appointed by the governor during good behavior. Removable on impeachment, or by address to the governor by two thirds of the legislature No court of chancery. No court of errors.

Citizenship, two years' residence, payment of taxes: supposed to be, practically, universal suffrage.

The most unqualified religious freedom has prevailed in this state from its earliest settlement.

439. State of Delaware. This state acted under the colonial charter till 1792. It then adopted a constitution which has not been amended, except in one judicial article adopted in 1802.

What is the date of constitution? Of what is the legislature com posed? Qualifications of members? How is the governor chosen? What are his qualifications? Powers? What courts? Tenure of office of judges? Qualifications of voters? 439. Delaware. Date

The legislature consists of a senate and house, which are called the general assembly. The number of senators may not be less than one third, nor greater than one half, the number of members of the house. The mem

bers of each are apportioned among the counties, with power in two thirds of each branch, to increase the num ber in counties. Qualifications are, citizenship, residence and freehold estate. Senators are chosen for three years; representatives annually. Meeting of the legislature is on the first Tuesday in January.

The governor is chosen by the people for three years He must be a citizen, and thirty-six years of age. He has the uncontrolled appointment of all officers; and the power of pardoning, except in case of impeachment. On vacancy, the duties of the office are performed by the speaker of the senate. The governor may be removed for inability, by two thirds of both branches of the legislature.

The courts are numerous. The judges hold their offices during good behavior. They are removable on impeachment, or on address of two thirds of both branches of the legislature.

Resident white citizens, paying taxes, are qualified to

vote.

Religious freedom is enjoyed in this state.

440. State of Maryland. The constitution of this state was adopted in 1776. It vests in the legislature the power of making amendments by proposed acts, which shall be published three months before the meeting of the next legislature, and if confirmed, the amendments are thereby effected. This power has been frequently exercised, and the constitution has been amended, and may be further amended in like manner.

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The legislature is composed of a senate and house of delegates. Senators are chosen for five years, by electors

of constitution? How is the legislature constituted? The executive? The judiciary? 440. Maryland. What is the date of constitution? How amendable? How are the several departments of the govern

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