-so good of its kind—as the Museum of Foreign be ascribed to the labors and abilities of the subject|| gifts, what extensive acquirements, and what finished accomplishments are included in the editorial Literature, Science, and the Arts, printed in Phila- of our memoir. delphia, is—first, in the range of its subjects, which MUSEUM OF FOREIGN LITERATURE, SCIENCE AND we! There must be, if not fancy and humor, at embraces the Continent as well as Great Britain-ART, for January. E. Littell, Philadelphia.--The least the taste and perception, to discover and apand, secondly, in the general nature of its selections, judgment with which this republication of the best preciate both; there must be aeuteness and diawhich will be of higher reach. Lighter articles, how-things in the British Magazines is conducted, al-crimination, a general knowledge of the surface of ever, are not to be excluded; for, in the No. before ways makes it an acceptable visitor; and, though||things, and sufficient skill in subjects of greater imus, we have poetry, by Mrs. Hemans, and Sir John works of the kind, when entirely original, are al-portance to detect quackery and pretension in Malcolm; while in the portion devoted to critical ways hailed by us with more interest, yet we must others: there must be, toe, a great, adaptability, notices, there is much to amuse in instructing the confess that much is due to the Museum for giving not only of mind, but of humor.-the power general reader. A portion of the Journal is also us the spirit of foreign Magazines without thrusting of applying the faculties to an immense variedevoted to notices of eminent individuals recently them bodily upon the public. This publication, ty of subjects, and the facility of doing it with dead—and another to intelligence of any remarkable with the recent one started in Boston for republish. the interest and zeal to render the results worth ing select papers from the larger reviews, contain, communicating. For the same end there must be too occurrences or inventions. We cannot take leave of the work, without com- together, all that is desirable should be disseminated a calm temper and a clear head; there must be judgmending warmly the excellence and beauty of the through the country, of the various works whose ex-ment to adopt a course, and courage to pursue it. typography, and of the paper on which it is printed.cellencies they cull. They both, in different de. But above all, there must be that confidence in one's partments, represent the whole circle of foreign powers, without which, all attempts to grapple with The New-England MAGAZINE, for January. We periodical literature. And though they are really a subject at a moment's warning, and hand it over are glad to see this periodical, in spite of the fate the most serious rivals our native Magazines can to others, firmly and decidedly, cannot exist. Now that generally attends the class of works to which have, we hope they have suffieient vigor to over- here is a string of perfections which only unite in it belongs, continue to hold its way as steadily as it shadow and put down all attempts to flood the the hero of a novel or of a school girl's imagination, does. Almost every number, in addition to the pro- country with wholesale republications of works and therefore as no one man can be supposed actu. per variety of light articles, contains some leading to which, whatever may be the spirit and ability ally to possess these, it only remains for those who paper of moro solid interest, while the paper and with which they are edited, it is not desirable if we are obliged professionally to assume their possestypography, in their unassuming neatness, might are ever to have any independence of opinion in sion, to do it in as cool a matter of course way as well be imitated by other publications of the kind. matters of literature and taste, we should continue other people conduct their business operations.Among the original papers, there is one upon the still indebted for all our views upon such subjects; There is nothing that, with the general mind, gives late Dr. Spurzheim, which the recent death of that especially, when the same works-though properly more weight to opinion, than its being pronounced lamented individual rendors particularly interesting culled they afford the most valuable materials for ex cathedra—and we all know that the bray of maOf the anecdotes embodied in it as illustrating the a publication like that which suggests these obser. ny an ass is, in print, mistaken for the roar of a lion. practical operation of the science he professsed vations, do-for the most part, uphold political prin ciples, and disseminate national prejudices, that should make them the aversion of every liberal mind. to teach, the following is quoted of him as told in a distinguished British review, by Mr. Chevenix, of London, a Fellow of the Royal Society. The writer of the article dwells warmly upon the results of Dr. Spurzheim's diesections, and says that he heard Mr. Abernethy speak to his class of the facis demonstrated in them as original and brilliant discoveries. The personal character and compa. nionable qualities, of the great Phrenologist are summed up as follows: * ed man. The most interesting article in this number of the Museum, is an account of the storming of Cuidad Rodrigo, which, after vainly endeavoring to com. press sufficiently to come in here, we are compel. led to omit. a "In a school of fifty-eight boys, not one of whom he had ever beheld to that moment, he ran his hand rapidly over every head ; touched some which appear. ed to possess eminently any defect or quality; and in less than an hour delivered his opinion upon the most remarkable subjects for good or bad, withont committing a single mistake; for all his opinions coincided most accurately with the testimony of the THE WESTERN MONTHLY MAGAZINE, NO. I.-Here is masters to whom the scholars were well known.The same trial was made the same day in a school new adventurer in the field of periodical literatureof thirty four girls, and gave miraculous evidence of It would really seem as if all the world wore taking the truth [of Phrenology." Similar instances are to inagazine writing, they sprout up so like musk. known to have occurred in Boston, about which rooms around us. We will hope, however, that while Some of there could be no mistake or delusion. these, if not ascribed to the deductions of the sci- they present themselves in se fair a shape as this, there will be readers enough left to do them justice. ence, must appear altogether wonderful and unac. The Western Monthly Magazine is a neat octavo countable. pamphlet of 48 pages, well printed; and when we say that James Hall, the well known author of many beautiful Western sketches, is the Editor, we need hardly add, well conducted. Mr. Hall, who has already had some editorial experience from his connection with the Illinois Magazine, (the basis of this, by the bye) gets over that very awkward thing, an 'introductory," with better success than most of In speaking of the present standing of Phrenolo. gy in Europe, we may mention that Mr. Combe has those who have ever been driven to attempt it. We very recently delivered lectures with great success should suppose it a most embarrassing task thus to in Dublin, and that large phrenological collections introduce one's-self to the public, who, as we all exist and are increasing in that city as well as in know, is a queer, whimsical personage to have to do London and Edinburgh. Here, we suppose, phrenologists would not be displeased if we were to say, with; and, whether you approach it in a frank, manly that it is somewhat singular, if they are the brain-style, or with courtier-like grimaces, is likely to flout sick enthusiasts, or contemptible hypocrites some you either way. The best method of dealing with people represent, that they should recommend and promote appeals to nature which must destroy their it, after all, is probably the half mystifying, half hypothesis; large phrenological collections being the bullying style, which Blackwood has so successfully proper methods of accomplishing that object. They adopted and sustained. Diffidence sits as ungracewould point to Gall, Spurzheim Combe, De Ville, fully on an Editor, as a Spanish cloak upon an AlElliotson, Wardrop, Dr. Combe, (brother of the writer on Phrenology, and a man of great original. derman, the mantle of Ompale on the shoulders ity,) as men not likely to be deceived, or to deceive of Hercules, or the cupola pon the City Hall. It others. They would point also to the periodical is something separate from, and alien to, his nature, press, and say, "See how Phrenology is looking up incongruous, and totally out of place. there." The Encyclopedia of London spoke with contempt of Craniology, but ont comes an article, years afterwards, favorable to Phrenology. Look at say it is, an abstract entity—it is a supposed imper. the article in the "Foreign Quarterly," written by senation of a number of qualities, for the possession Fellow of the Royal Society, (and a very clever of which, as they never did, and never can, really fellow too,) which scarcely conceals, under the assamed partiality of the reviewer, his inclination for exist, and unite in any one person, no one should How many natural|| the obnoxious doctrines. All this, if admitted, is toll be particularly scrutinized. What is an editor? He is, or rather we should And now to return from this parenthetical dissertation, we must, in the teeth of much that we have been advancing, say, that the modest tone of Judge Hall's leading editorial, will introduce him favorably to many of his readers, while the lively sketch (entitled Politics) we copied a day or two since, will, with the other articles of this number, induce them to cultivate a further acquaintance. POETRY. [From the Knickerbacker for January.] How glorious, through his depths of light, The willows, waked from winter's death, Aye, 'tis the long bright summer day: The loosened ice-ridge breaks away- See, love, my boat is moored for thee, Or, bide thee where the poppy blows, Fierce though he be, and huge of frame, When crimson sky and flamy cloud I'll build of ice thy winter home, Shall flash upon thine eyes. Thoughts on Twilight. [FOR THE NEW-YORK AMERICAN.] Why seek her heart to understand Which in her breast resideth, Sum up each token thou hast won How few for Hope, to build upon, And if e'er word or look declareth CLARA. $23,650 At Huntington, (L. I.) on the twelfth instant, in the eighty-| WEEKLY REPORT OF DEATHS. 5 and 10, 3 between 10 and 20, 13 between 29 and 30, 15 between 60 and 70, 1 between 70 and 80, 1 between 50 and 90, and I of AMERICAN MECHANICS' MAGAZINE, The subscriber proposes to publish a monthly Magazine to be called the American Mechanics' Magazine. His object in so doing, is to lay before the Mechanics of the United States, at a cheap rate, in a convenient form, some account of the improvements in mechanics and machines, as well as a list of new inventions and Diseases: Apoplexy 7, burned or scalded 4, casualty 2, ca. tarch 1, consumption 27, convulsions 12, diarrhoea 1, dropsy 2, patents, both in England and the United States. dropsy in the chest 1, dropsy in the head 4, dysentery 1, lever He is not aware that there is, at this time, any remittent 1, fever, scarlet 1, hives or croup 7, hydrophobia 1, jaundice 1, inflammation of the bowels 5, inflammation of the publication of the kind in this country, furnishhest 2, inflammation of the stomach 1, intemperance 1, ma-ed at a price so low as to bring it within the rasmus 4, old age 2, palsy 1, peripneumony G, pleurisy 1, pneumonia typoles 1, rheumatism 1, sore throat 1, sprue 1, reach of the great mass of American mestillborn 3, suicide 1, svphilis 2, unknown 2, whooping cough 1 chanics-and he therefore has determined to commence the publication of a work with the above name, on, or about the 15th of ABRAHAM D. STEPHENS, City Inspector. AMERICAN RAILROAD JOURNAL February next; which will contain most AND ADVOCATE OF INTERNAL IM- of the interesting articles, or at least those PROVEMENTS, VOLUME 2d.-This Journal which may be of interest to our mechanics, was commenced on the 1st of January, 1832, with a single published in the London Mechanics' Magazine, subscriber. It has now just commenced its second volume, with its engravings, together with whatever with near one thousand subscribers, scattered in every state is in the Union. It was at first devoted to the subject of Rail-may be received from our own countrymen roads, Internal Improvements, and news of the day; but it suitable for such a work and of interest to its now embraces in addition to the above, a department for A- patrons. griculture, and another for the Mechanic Arts, wherein will The MECHANICS' MAGAZINE will be printed on be found an account of most new Inventions. Such, indeed, beautiful paper, with new type, containing fortyhas been the encouragement held out, that the publisher induced to extend its usefulness by making it, not only a eight large octavo pages of two columns each, journal of the progress of Internal Improvements by means stitched in a handsome cover of colored paper, of Railroads, Canals, and Steam Carriages, in our own and issued on the first Saturday of each month, country and in Europe, but also by making it a Journal of at the very low price of THREE DOLLARS per mechanical improvements and inventions, and thereby colD. K. MINOR. lecting a greater variety of useful information, relating to annum, in advance. such subjects, into a smaller compass, and at a less cost,than NEW-YORK FARMER AND AMERIcan be found in any other publication now before the pub-CAN GARDENER'S MAGAZINE. Whole 20,030 lic. Arrangements have been made to give engravings or 16,150 6,90 15,500 15,60 9,050 1,650 2,07 illustrations of such new inventions as may be deemed im-number, Vol. 6. NEW SERIES, VOLUME FIRST. No. 1, 11,506 portant to the community. The American Railroad Jour- for January 1833, is just published. This is an AGRICUL 11,550 nal and Advocate of Internal Improvements, will also con-TURAL periodical, published monthly, containing 32 large 13.000 tain much interesting and useful literary and news read-quarto pages of three columns each, devoted particularly to ft. 14,400 ing, with such public documents as may be deemed Agriculture, Horticulture, &c. It will also contain much worth recording for future reference. It will also con- interesting matter upon other subjects, such for instance as tain Meteorological Tables, kept at Montreal, L. C., New-road making and repairing, together with steam carriages York city, Charleston, S. C. together with others kept at for common roads, with other modes of improving internal 2,07% intermediate places. We have also the promise of one communication. Its main object, however, is to collect 2,07 kept on Red River, in Louisiana; also, Prices of Stocks, from those who cultivate the soil scientifically, and observ2,075 Sales of Real Estate, Prices Current and Bank Note List, ingly, and to disseminate such information as may tend to improve the mode of cultivation throughout our widely &c. &c. extended country. No person will deny the utility of such a publication properly conducted; nor will any one doubt me when I say that such a paper cannot be properly conducted and handsomely executed, without an extensive circulation and prompt payment to meet its expenses. Under the direction of F. De Peyster, r. Erq. Mas. ter in Chancery-The store and lot No. 160 Pearl st, 22 feet 3 inches by 60 feet. MARRIAGES. 33,300 On Thursday evening, 17th inst, by the Rev. Dr. McElroy Joseph Tucker, Esqr. to Miss Isabella Wiley, both of this city. On 17th inst., by the Rev. Dr McCartee, Mr. Wm. A. Warson, of Newport, R. 1. to Miss Mary Aun Muckle, of this cry In St John's Chapel, on Wednesday evening last, by the Rev. Dr. Berrian. Mr. Frederick Moser, of Germany, to Miss Mary Ann Hoffman, adopted daughter of Albert Wannenberg, of it city. On Thursday evening, 17th inst. by the Rev. Mr. Masor, Mr. John M. eely, of Dutchess county, to Miss Ann, daughter of Capt. Josiah Ingersoll, of this city. city. Last evening, by the Rev. S. H Cone, Mr. Silas Ludlam to Miss Elizabeth F., daughter of Mr. John Clem, all of this On the 16th Jan., by the Rev. George Foot, Mr. James S. Roger to Miss Susan Maria, eldest daughter of Mr. Ward Walton, all of this place--Lenox, Madison Co., N. Y. At Smithtown, L. I. on the 16th matant, by the Rev. Zache riah Greene, Mr. Cale Smith to Miss Harriet A., youngest daughter of Samuel Bailey, Esq. At Pittsfield, Mass, on the 1st inst., Orrin Wright, M. D., Mrs. Pease, of Washington, D. C. DEATHS. On Wednesday evening, the 23d inst. Laurent Salles, Esq. in the 621 year of his age. On morning Jan. 19th, of a lingering illness, Miss Caroline S. Halstead, daughter of John Halstead. On the evening of the 16th inst. of a lingering illness, Capt John W. Patterson, in the 37th year of his age. Last evening William Cargill, infant son of John T. B. On evening, 20th inst., In the 33d year of his age, Mr. Joh On Sunday afternoon, Mrs Susan Bayley, relict of the lat Joseph Bayley, and daughter of the late Dr. William Adams of Mount Pleasant, aged 54 years. the 52d year of her age. Terms, THREE Dollars per annum, in advance, and will not be sent without. The first volume may be had either in sheets or bound; Published at No. 35 Wall street, New-York, by THE TROY IRON AND NAIL FACTORY keep All orders directed to the Agent, Troy, N. Y., will TOWNSEND & DURFEE, Rope Manufacturers, Terms, THREE Dollars per annum, in advance; and will not be sent without, as, at its present price, it will not pay a commission for collecting, nor bear the loss arising from want of punctuality on the part of subscribers. D. K. MINOR, Proprietor, 35 Wall street, New-York. GRACIE, PRIME & CO., 22 Broad street, have on hand the following Goods, which they offer for sale on the most favorable terms, viz. 200 qr casks Marseilles Madeira, entitled to debenture 200 do. Leghorn Rags, No. 1. DRY GOODS, BY THE PACKAGE-- ALSO IMPERIAL, ROYAL, MEDIUM, COPPER-PLATE and WRAP- aged 65 years, relic of the late Jonathan Swift, Esqr. of Alexan Engineer Hubson and Delaware Canal and Railroad Com-deliverablenext spring, will be made; and the present stock GLANSINGA AMERICAN RAILROAD JOURNAL, AND ADVOCATE OF INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS. PUBLISHED WEEKLY, AT No. 35 WALL STREET, NEW-YORK, AT THREE DOLLARS PER ANNUM, PAYABLE IN ADVANCE. D. K. MINOR, EDITOR.] CONTENTS: cing and Forwarding Vegetables... Home Affairs-Congress, &c.... Summary-Foreign and Domestic.. Literary Notices.... Poetry; Advertisements. New-York Prices Current, &c.. 72 .77 AMERICAN RAILROAD JOURNAL, &c. In this number will be found an account, with ings, of Mr. Braithwaite's new Steam Engine. We shall in our next give a very able and valuable communication from the Baltimore Gazette upon Railroads and Steam Carriages on common roads. It is from a source circulated and read. entitled to great respect, and we hope it will be extensively absent for two or three years, would scarcely together with some interesting statistical facts Editorial Notices; The Chicago Road.... page 65 be able to identify the place. The elevation which tend forcibly to show the almost unparWilliams on Road-making; Lexington and Ohio Railroad; Internal Improvements in Pennsylvania......66 which, but a few months since, was covered alleled rapidity of the increase of population Ericsson's Steam Engine and Water Mill, (with engrav.).68 with dwellings and trees, and shrubbery, is and improvements in the city of New-York. Agricultural Schools and Societies; Directions for For70 now mostly removed into the vallies beyond.THE CHICAGO ROAD. This is one of the Hints and Suggestions to Farmers; Level Roads, &c...71 This operation is now carried on with great fa- most important roads in the Territory; being, Meteorological Table; Foreign Intelligence.. 74cility, by means of a railway, which enables a as it is, the longest and passing through the 76 single horse to do the work of twelve or fif- most populous and interesting portion of the 79 teen horses used in the ordinary way. A train county. As it was constructed by the General Government for the purpose of connecting two .80 of four cars, which we saw moved by one important military posts, and to facilitate the horse, contained eight cubic yards of earth-transportation of the mail across the peninsula, which is at least equal to sixteen common cart-it was doubtless intended to be a good and perloads. Most of the distance the cars pass on manent road. The General Government have the line of the Harlæm Railroad, but, at each exliberally appropriated, from year to year, such sums as were required for its construction. engrav-tremity of the line temporary rails of wood, But, owing to the system of letting out conwith flat wrought iron bars are laid with wood-tracts to the lowest bidder,-which so enlists en sleepers upon the newly formed surface, the spirit of rivalry and competition that conwhich are moved as the embankment is extend-tracts are, for the most part, sold out at prices ed, so that each successive train of cars depo-contractors-and, in some instances, to the culso reduced as generally to prove ruinous to sits its load in the proper place. When the ar-pable negligence or ignorance of the superinrangements for this operation shall have been tendants, this road, which should have been the completed the work will progress with great in the Territory. As regards that portion of it best, is among the worst, if not the very worst CITY IMPROVEMENTS.-Perhaps there never rapidity. between Detroit and Ypsilanti, it might be diffiwas a period when the spirit of improvement To effect the improvements undertaken by cult to conceive of a worse road. It has become more generally pervaded the citizens of New-this gentleman required the removal of about in such a state that, during a portion of the fall York than the present. Better evidence need 1,400,000 cart loads of earth, two-thirds of which and spring months, it is almost literally impasnot be desired of the general prosperity of our has been already removed and the remainder will sable. We would inquire whether the ten per favored country than is to be found in the rapid probably be completed early the ensuing spring, der to be expended on such parts of the roads centum which is required to be retained, in orincrease of population and improvements of when the streets (which are not already comple-as have been defectively or unfaithfully conthis city. The relics of "olden time" are fast ted) will then be regulated. By this improvement structed, has ever been paid over or expended. giving place, in the lower part of the city, to a large number of lots in the most convenient And, if neither is the case, we would further edifices more in accordance with the spirit of and accessible part of the city unoccupied, (be-sent superintendant to apply it, so soon as the inquire whether it is not competent for the prethe age; whilst in the upper part, or what was,ing intersected by the Railroad, which will pro-weather is favorable for the object, to the repair a few years since, a long way out of town, the bably be continued down to Wall-street, the of the road. The great defect of this road, as very hills and vallies are fading from our view. ensuing summer,) will be brought into use. It is worse than useless to construct a clay it strikes us, is-that it is not properly drained. It is but a few years since one could, without Our object in referring to this subject was to turnpike unless it is thoroughly drained. It fatigue, become, in a single day, familiar with call attention to the importance of Railroads to were certainly better to leave the land in its nathe principal parts of the city; but at this time this city, for the purpose of filling in and regu-tural state than to plough it and throw up the it is no small task to visit the different sections, lating that large portion of the city called Stuy-clay, if the water is permitted to lie in the to witness the changes which are constantly vesant's Meadows, a great part of the material ditches and thus saturate the clay till it is renbeing made. We are led to these remarks by for which must be transported at least two road over the level tract between Detroit and dered a perfect mortar bed. To make a good a recent visit to the scene of operations, in the miles. So rapid are the improvements, and so Ypsilanti, in addition to the ditches on each side 15th ward, of a gentleman whose enterprise and few the number of lots unoccupied by buildings of the road, there should be lateral ditches, of success, in making the rough smooth and the within a convenient distance from the business greater depth, some eight or ten rods from the crooked straight, is unequalled by any other on part of the city, that it becomes a matter of much places. In this way, if the upper earth is road, on each side, and these let out at suitable the island. That section of the island lying be-importance to business men, that some mode thrown off and the ground well cleared of tween Fourteenth and Twentieth streets, and of filling them in should be adopted less expen- stumps and roots, the clay has a chance to bebetween Broadway and the Third Avenue, com-sive than any heretofore in use. come compact and hard, and thus turn off the rains so as to eut but little. Thus, with trifling monly known as "Bowery-Hill," has been so We shall again refer to this subject, and give repairs in filling up the ruts, frequently, it might completely changed in its appearance that an an interesting statement now in our possession be kept comparatively a good road.-[Detroit old inhabitant of the neighborhood, having been "of the number of vacant lots below 21st street," Journal.] To the Editor of the American Railroad Journal: rate, and more fair competition, and thereby ington to Richmond, in Madison county; and DEAR SIR,-I have read with great sat- increase the happiness and wealth of our citi- the further sum of $15,000 to any company isfaction your excellent paper, in which you zens. They would be the medium through am zed turnpike from Lexington through Winwhich may be chartered to construct a McAdendeavor to promote the cause of internal in-which the light of intelligence might shine into chester, in Clark county, to Mount Sterling, in provements generally, and I hail with delight the darkest corners of our land. To be with- Montgomery county. The said several sums your prospect of introducing a mechanics' de-out good, or at least passable roads, is to be in to be paid by the President and Directors of partment. Nothing can tend more to increase the state of a savage, and the better our road the Railroad Company, provided the above roads shall be commenced within three years the knowledge of the general reader than me-system shall be, the higher in the scale of civ-after the passing of this bill.-[Lexington Obchanics, where the principles of them are ilization we shall rank. Good roads tend to server.] properly treated. I wish you entire success in promote the good morals of the community, th.s, and hope I shall not be lacking in the ne-not only by the increased light of intelligence, INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS IN PENNSYLVANIA. cessary exertions to enable you. What you but by removing from the carrier and traveller -The late Report of the Canal Commissioners are doing on the subject of M'Adamized roads the vexatious source of impatience and crime of Pennsylvania gives an interesting view of has been, and will continue to be, useful. I which bad roads constantly present, and which ment, in the means of inland communication in the progress of the great system of improvehope you will publish all the information on produces a treatment of animals inconsistent that state. This immense work is yet in an the subject that shall fall under your eye, and with our christian character. Bad roads excite unfinished state, and the benefits which are to if any thing can supply the place of a treatise in our breast feelings the very opposite of those be anticipated from it are but imperfectly felt, on the subject, it would be a regular series of which should be fostered there, and weaken the parts which are completed. The extent of in consequence of a want of connexion between essays in a periodical like yours. But here the those with which we should always enter the canals and railroads built at the sole expense of subject would be buried so deep among other temple of our God. In fine, patriotism, econo- the state, now finished for use in detached pormatters, that a person wishing to pursue the my, morality, philanthropy, religion, and the tions, measures five hundred and one miles and art regularly or make a hasty reference, would whole train of benevolent virtues, invite us to one hundred and forty-one rods in length. The extent which remains to be finished, to comfind great difficulty, amounting almost to im- pursue the subject and influence us to ad-plete the plan which is begun, is a little over two practicability. hundred miles. The whole scheme embraces an extent of artificial navigation and railroad of seven hundred and two miles, besides nine vance it. The tyro in road-making needs a regular The study of the railroad and canal systems treatise of reference, not only to teach him what is excellent, and all exertions tending to pro- miles of navigable feeders. The principal is right, and keep him so, but to assist him in mote the knowledge of their construction and works are a communication by railroad, canal getting right when he is wrong;-not only to use are praiseworthy. They are the large and slack water navigation, from Philadelphia to keep him out of difficulties, but to enable him" veins and arteries of the country." But he Pittsburg; a canal from Bristol to Easton on the to extricate himself out of those he may fall who attends to them without feeling or acknow- Delaware; a communication from Philadelphia into. This is wherein all that has come to my ledging the importance of good roads, is like knowledge on the subject is materially deficient. Mr. M'Adam has given us the perfection of his system without its defects; and he tells us more plainly what a good road is, than how to make one; and he is more explicit in reference to the excellence of his system, than the difficulties to be encountered in putting it in practice, and his principles are more clearly exhibited than the practical mode of arriving at them. the anatomist, who, in attending to the large JNO. S. WILLIAMS. Cincinnati, Jan. 14, 1833. to the head of the Wyoming valley, passing through the anthracite coal region, on the North Branch of the Susquehanna river, and to the vicinity of the bituminous coal beds in the Alleghany Mountains in Lycoming county; and a canal and slack water navigation from Newcastle, Mercer county, to steamboat navigation on the Ohio river, at Beaver, and from the Alleghany river, at the mouth of French Creek, to a point near Meadville, and also to Conneaut Lake, in Crawford county. Of the railroad from Philadelphia to ColumLEXINGTON AND OHIO RAILROAD.-We publish among the legislative proceedings the Re-bia, 81 miles in length, 22 at the Philadelphia port of the Committee of Internal Improvetermination, with the exception of the SchuylIn regard to my efforts to supply this defi-ments, on the proposition of the President and kill viaduct, are nearly completed. The canal cleacy in the knowledge of my country, it may Directors of the Lexington and Ohio Railroad and slack water navigation from Columbia to be observed that, in the judgment of many, Company to obtain a loan of $300,000, on the Hollidaysburg, at the Eastern base of the Alcredit of the Commonwealth. The bill accomleghany Mountain, a distance of 171 miles, is and from my own observation, it appears that panying the Report provides, that the Presi- completed. The canal from the Western base something of the kind is much needed. The deni and Directors of the Company may borof the Alleghany Mountain, at Johnstown, to opportunities that fell to my share seemed to row that amount on the credit of the State, and Pittsburgh, is also completed. The Portage point me out as the proper person to undertake that certificates of stock to the amount shall railroad, of 37 miles in length, destined to unite the task and perform the duty. Whether those be issued by the President of the Railroad Con- these two last named lines of canals, by crossopportunities have been improved to the best pay, countersigned by the Treasurer that ing the Alleghany Mountain, is yet unfinished. the amount of the stock thus authorized to be This is one of the most important and most advantage, or whether, if they have, that I pos-issued shall not, at any time, exceed the difficult portions of the whole work. To give 6338 the necessary tact to serve the public as an amount of the capital stock actually paid in by our readers some idea of the nature of this undertaking, we copy from the Report of the author, are questions not to be decided, save by the stockholders of the Railroad Company;that for the complete security of the Common-Commissioners that part which describes the wealth, previous to the endorsement of the progress which has been made on this section Whether we contemplated the subject of good said stock by the State Auditor, he shall be reof the work.-[Boston Daily Adv.] roads as a cement to the bonds of our Union-quired to obtain from the President and DirectThe following extract from the Report of the as connected with our national wealth or indi-ors of the Railroad Company an assignment, Pennsylvania Canal Commissioners, is from by way of mortgage, of all its lands, tenements, vidual prosperity-as promoting the march of nachinery, or other property, of whatsoever the VILLAGE RECORD. We should be much mind--as tending to better the morals of the description; and in case the interest of the obliged to any gentleman who will forward us community, or to ameliorate the condition o said stock is not punctually paid by the Rail- the Report entire. Such documents are of our animals,it is important in each and every road Company, and the principal redeemed great value to us, to circulate again: we would, point of view. The mutual intercourse and when it becomes due, then the Auditor of pub-therefore, respectfully request gentlemen who the work itself. exchange of views and sentiments, which is the consequence of them, connects and binds us together in a sameness of interest and a sameness of feeling, tends to close alliances between people distantly situated, and removes or greatly lessens sectional jealousies and animosities, so baneful to our republican government. They would be the means of greatly facilitating the exchange of our products among ourselves or with other nations, either for the juxuries or conveniences of life, at a cheaper lic accounts may proceed, after giving due no tice thereof, to sell to the highest bidder, all, or may have a spare copy to forward us one. more will be finished by the first of next month,||second track on the inclined planes, and on and abutments of this viaduct. The founda and the remaining 17 are in such progress as to such other places on the line as is necessary tion of one of the piers is sunk thirty feet beinsure their completion in March and April next. for the passage of cars moving in opposite di- low, and the superstructure will be thirty-three Much of the mechanical work is done, and rections, is forty-three and ninety-one one-hun-feet above, top water in the river; one foot befinally estimated, and the rest of it approxi-dredths miles, leaving twenty-nine and forty- low water line the thickness of the pers is mates completion. one one-hundredths miles of the second track nineteen feet six and one quarter inches, and to be contracted for hereafter. their length, exclusive of the angular head, is fifty-nine feet three and one half inches. Hopes are entertained that the viaduct may be rendered passable by July, and finished by September, 1833. There are 4 viaducts of cut stone upon this road, with spans varying from 40 to 80 feet, and 68 culverts, the spans varying from 3 to 25 feet. These works are all of good stone masonry, and constructed in the very best manner. There are also 85 drains or square culverts, from 2 to 3 feet wide, built of stone, making altogether 157 passages for water un der the railroad. The viaduct over the Beaver dam branch of the Juniata river, at Hollidaysburg, is of cut stone, and has two oblique arches. The spans measured on the skew face are each 40 feet 3 inches, and 33 feet measured at right angles to the axis of the vault. The height of the walls, from the foundation to the top of the parapets, is 20 feet; it may be finished about the middle of this month. The viaduct over the mountain branch of the Conemaugh has a single span of 40 feet; the height of the walls, from the foundation to the top of the parapets, is 23 feet; it may be completed in a few days. The viaduct over the Ebensburg branch has also a single span of 40 feet; the height from the foundation to the top of the parapet walls is 31; feet; it may likewise be finished in a few days. Flat iron bars on wooden rails will be placed on the inclined planes, but on the rest of the road edge rails will be used. These rails will rest in iron chairs, on wooden sills and cross ties, over high embankments, and on stone blocks where the ground is solid. Each stone block ineasures about 34 cubic feet. If the rails reach Philadelphia in time to be conveyed to Huntingdon before the closing of the canal, a single track of the road can be finished for public use in July next. And the second track may be laid, and all the work completed, early in the summer of 1834. It is now ascertained by estimates founded on experience that the whole road, including road-bed formation, double tracks with sidings and turnouts, steam engines, with ropes, &c. at the planes, and all other things necessary to render it fit for public use, will cost $1,495,789 50. The viaduct across Valley creek, two miles east of Downingtown, has four spans, and is five hundred and eighty-nine feet long; the piers are fifty-eight feet high: it may be finished by the first of July next. The viaduct over West Brandywine at Coatesville will be eight hundred and firty feet long, with six spans. The piers will be seventythree feet high, and with the abutments will contain fourteen thousand perches of masonry. This work has been thrice let, and will probably be the last job on the road formation in being completed. With proper exertions on the part of the contractors, it may be finished by November, 1833. The deep cut through the gap in the Mine Ridge, at Henderson's, is the last heavy unfin. ished job. The cut is at one place thirty-seven feet deep; the most difficult part of the excava tion is in Henderson's meadow. The soil is full of springs, and when excavated exhibits a removal of which the adjacent slopes cave in; quicksand for a considerable depth, upon the the whole extent of this difficulty is about two hundred and thirty yards in the line of the road. A part of this section has been twice re-let, and is divided into jobs to hasten its completion. Expectations are entertained that it will be prepared for the rails by the first of May next. lature, dated the twenty-fourth of April, 1832, In conformity with a resolution of the Legis. the sum of sixty thousand dollars of the sum appropriated to the Columbia and Philadelphia The progress which has been made in the Railroad has been set apart for the purpose of Philadelphia and Columbia railroad is thus de-assisting the city of Lancaster to construct a railroad between the little and big Conestoga scribed: bridges, so as to pass through the business parts of the city. When the estimate was made last year, it was contemplated to use rails weighing 28 pounds to the yard, but since then the size of the rails has been increased to thirty-nine and one half pounds to the yard, because in England experience has demonstrated that a light er rail is insufficient for locomotive engines The viaduct over the Little Conemaugh river, and a heavy trade-much of the other work at the Horse Shoe bend, has a semi-circular has also been proportionally strengthened; arch of 80 feet span, and will be 784 feet high hence the estimate of the present year for road from the foundation to the top of the parapet tracks exceeds that of the last year. walls; about two-thirds of the masonry is laid, All the work that has been done, and is now and the arch will probably be closed before set-doing, is of the most substantial character, exting in of the winter, but the whole work can- cept the wooden sills on high embankments, not be completed before the first of May next. for which stone blocks will be substituted at Section number seven, about nineteen miles some future period. west of the crest of the mountain, comprises an inclined plane, requiring a heavy embankment,| and also a tunnel about 900 feet long, at the head of the plane: the ends of the tunnel will be arched with cut stone; the rock through which it is made, is so solid as to render arching the whole distance unnecessary. About twothirds of the whole work on the section is done, Westchester railroad. It was first used on the commissioners are directed to pay of the month and the residue, including about one-fourth of roads on hill sides. (except the viaduct over the river Schuylkill,) 20th of September, and on the 18th of October By a subsequent resolution of the Legislature passed on the ninth of June last, the canal ly estimates during the progress of the work pro rata of the amount necessary to complete that part of the road. Major Wilson, the engineer upon the railroad, has estimated the whole work required between The second track of 22 miles is in rapid pro-the said bridges to cost eighty-seven thousand gress, and may be completed by the first of seven hundred and nineteen dollars and fiftynext January. The south track for the whole seven cents, therefore the superintendant of distance of 22 miles will be formed with edge the division has been directed to pay two-thirds The estimate of Mr. Welch, the engineer for rails and stone blocks, and the north track will of the monthly estimates, upon the production grading and mechanical work, was last year be partly stone sills and partly wooden rails, of legal vouchers by the city of Lancaster, for 617,505 dollars 98 cents, it is now found that it both plated with flat bars of iron. the payment of her proportion as required by will cost but about 585,107 dollars 28 cents, The road-bed, formation, and mechanical law. The whole amount paid by the superinbeing 22,398 dollars 70 cents less than his ori-work on twenty miles more of the division tendant for work done to the 31st of October, ginal estimate. have been ready for the rails for nearly two is $5,003 18. Contracts have been made for procuring from years; and the work on the other forty miles is With a view to the completion of a line beEngland malleable iron nails, pins, and wedges, so near being completed, that by the first of tween Philadelphia, the Susquehanna and the and a portion of the cast iron chairs for one next February the viaducts over Schuylkill, West, it is contemplated to lay one track from track, with sidings, &c. the whole length of the Valley Creek, and West Brandywine, and the the western termination of the 22 miles to road, and for double tracks on the inclined deep cut at Henderson's, will be the only unfin- Columbia upon wooden sills. A single track, planes; a part of this iron has arrived at Phil-ished jobs of any consequence, to prevent a with sidings and turn-outs, and under proper adelphia, and a large portion of it is expected continuous track of rails from being laid along regulations for using it, may accommodate the before the navigation of the Delaware closes. the whole road. trade until the second track can be laid in a About 300 tons of cast iron chairs will be manumore durable manner with stone blocks and factured in Frankstown and Blairsville. A edge rails. double track on the inclined planes, and a single track on the rest of the road, will require about 3,100 tons of iron, and it will cost 70 dollars a ton delivered on the mountain. Contracts have also been made, and are in progress, for carrying the iron rails, &c. from Philadelphia to the portage; for the balance of the chairs, for stone blocks, broken stone, wooden sills, and cross ties, and for completing all the work necessary for a continuous track over the whole road. The length of a single track of railway on each section, in addition to the length of The viaduct over the river Schuylkill has not progressed as fast as was expected; but the work is well done. It will be a good sub- It appears that the average cost of the railstantial structure, one thousand and eight feet way superstructure on 22 miles is for laying long, supported by six piers and two abut-a single track of rails, with granite sills and ments. The superstructure is to have four flat iron bars, including the cost of iron, $11,distinct trusses, admitting of three distinct 118 33 per mile; for laying a single track of passages, one in the middle with a clear width rails, with stone blocks and edge rails, inclu of four feet for foot passengers, and one on ding cost of iron, $10,331 63 per mile; and for each side with a clear width of eighteen feet laying a single track of rails with transverse six inches, for a carriage or roadway, and for a sills, and rails of wood and flat iron bars, $5,579 track of rails, making together a clear width of 25 per mile. forty-one feet. There will be about nineteen thousand three The following is a Statement of the Funds hundred perches of solid masonry in the piers appropriated to the Columbia and Philadelphi~ |