PAPER.

from beginning to end. The engraving is uncommon-led as acted upon by the incidents of life in the upper ly pretty. The printing is not equal to the preten spheres of society; in the other, the artificial dispo. THE SUBSCRIBERS, Agents for the Saugerties Paper Manufacturing Company, have constantly on hand an sion of the exterior of this pretty pamphlet. sition engendered by those incidents, is for the most extensive assortment of Royal, Medium, and Imperial PrintPARKER'S EDITION OF THE WAVERLEY NOVELS, part only represented. Both may be true to their ori-ing Paper, all made from first quality Leghorn and Trieste Rags. All contracts made after this date, will be furnishVols. 41, 42, with plates. Boston-and C. S. Francis, ginal; but while the latter, like a landscape by a Chi-ed with 480 perfect sheets to the ream; and all sales aNew York. These volumes present St. Valentine's nese painter, gives the exact outline and shape of mounting to over $100, of Medium or Royal, out of tha Day-and as they approach the close of the series, each object in the scene he would represent, the for- part of the stock which includes cassia quires, the purchasers will be allowed an extra quire of perfect paper to maintain the excellence of the preceding numbers, inmer, with the pencil of a European artist engaged each double ream, with additional allowances to the publishthe execution of the plates, and in typography.-upon the same subject, adds the just perspective era and the trade, who buy largely. The terms will be liberal. Apply to GRACIE, PRIME, & CO., Twelve more will complete the collection, making and truth of coloring, the ground and atmosphere, in all fifty four volumes. by which alone we recognize the approach to Nature] in the imitation of her forms. It is to this internal superiority over other works of a similar character, that Miss Edgeworth's writings owe that permanent value, which, among all the fluctuations of taste and fashion, will preserve a place for them in every well selected library, long after many a popular novel is forgotten.

The same publishers now propose to put to press an edition of the Poetical Works of Sir Walter, uniform with this of his novels-to be illustrated with notes, contemporaneous expositions, and various readings, at 62 1-2 cents per volume. It will be a good undertaking, and will supply, at a moderate price, the whole of the works of the man who has, more than any other, contributed to improve and delight the present age.

Of the tales so elegantly republished in this volume of the Messrs. Harpers' uniform edition, Vivian

J31

22 Broad Stroot.

SURVEYORS' INSTRUMENTS. Compasses of various sizes and of superior quality, warranted.

Leveling Instruments, large and small sizes, with high magnifying powers with glasses made by Troughton, together with a large assortment of Engineering Instruments, manufactured and sold by E. & G. W. BLUNT, j31 6t 154 Water-street, corner of Maidenlane. ENGINEERING AND SURVEYING INSTRUMENTS.

The subscriber manufactures all kinds of Instruments in hir profession, warranted equal, if not puperior, in principles of construction and workmanship to any imported or manufacamong which are an Improved Compass, with a Telescope attached, by which angles can be taken with or without the use of the needle, with perfect accuracy-also, a Railroad Goniom Goniometer attached, particularly adapted to Railroad purpo

eter, with two Telescopes-and a Levelling Instruinent, with a
WM. J. YOUNG,
Mathematical Instrument Maker, No. 9 Dock street,
Philadelphia.

ses.

The fol owing recommendations are respectfully submitted
Baltimore, 1832.

Engineers, Surveyors, and others interested.

In reply to thy inquiries respecting the instruments manufactured by thee, now in use on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. Icheerfully furnish thee with the following informat on. The whole number of Levels now in possession of the depart ment of construction of thy make is even. The whole nuai ber of the "Improved Compass" is eight. These are all exelusive of the number in the service of the Engineer and Graduation Department.

A NEW DICTIONARY of Medical SDIENCE AND LI.is decidedly the best. It is in fact, when the admira.tured in the United States; several of which are entirely nete: terature, &c., by Robley Dunglisson, M. D., Pro-ble delineation of character, the arrangement of the fessor of Physiology, &c. in the University of Vir. story, the grouping of the dramatis personæ, and the ginia. 2 vols. 8vo. Boston: Charles Bowen.-The finished style in which it is written, are considered, title of these volumes explains their object. All that one of the finest of all Miss Edgeworth's productions. relates to the terms of Medical Science; to the noThe conception of two such characters as those of menclature of science; to the biography and litera. Vivian and Russel, contrasted as they are here, is to ture of eminent professional men, is to be found here eminently happy; and the comparative importance of arranged in the ordinary alphabetical order of a dic. brilliant and aspiring talents, and of clear but humble tionary. There is probably scarcely any inquiry of sense united to fixed resolution of mind, in determina professional nature which may not find some solu-ing not only the individual happiness and general tion in these volumes-which are printed with the usefulness of its possessor, but even his chance of hoaccustomed neatness and accuracy of the Boston norable distinction, is admirably shown. But it is hardly necessary to show the superior influence of character over talent in the affairs of the world; THE PHYSICIAN'S POCKET SYNOPSIS, by J. S. Bart when in all the concerns of life, it is apparent how lett, M. D., of the Royal College of Surgeons, Lcn. don; revised and enlarged by Henry Coley. New-in the race of love, wealth or fame,-though one surely in the end a strong outstrips a feeble nature York: G. & C. &. H. Carvill.-This little volume one may wear the winged cap of Mercury and the differs from the work noticed in the preceding para-other have to trail the club of Hercules-though the graph, by affording a manual of practice for the Surone may step into Congress from having figured once geon and Physician, embracing all the material in a Fourth of July oration, and the other have to points in both. It is arranged alphabetically, and sup-work out his political salvation by years of sturdy plies brief accounts of diseases, as well as of their service at Tammany. Talent alone, is like that gas

press.

modes of treatment.

Both Levels and Compasses are in good repair. They have in fact needed but little repairs, except from accidents to which all instruments of the kind are liable

I have found that thy patterns for the levels and compasses have been preferred by my assistants generally, to any others in use, and the Improved Compass is superior to any other decription of Goniometer that we have yet tried in laying the rails

on this Road.

This instrument, more recently improved with a reversing telescope, in place of the vane sights, leaves the engineer the Compass. It is indeed the most completely adapted to laterscarcely any thing to desire in the formation or convenience of al angles of any simple and cheap instrument that I have yet seen, and I cannot but believe it will be preferred to all others now in use for laying of rails-and in fact, when known, I think it will be as highly appreciated for common surveying. Respectfully thy friend, JAMES P. STABLER, Superintendant of Construction of Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. Philadelphia, February, 1833. Having for the last two years made constant use of Mr.

gineers and Surveyors.

E. H. GILL, Civil Engineer. Germantown, February, 1833. Young, of l'hiladelphia, in which he has comoined the properFor a year part I have used Instruments made by Mr. W. J. ties of a Theodolite with the common Level.

I consider these Instruments admirably calculated for laying neers as preferable to any others for that purpose. HENRY R. CAMPBELL, Eng. Philad., ml ly Germant, and Norrist. Railroad. GRACIE, PRIME & CO., 22 Broad street, have on hand the following Goods, which they offer for sale on the

which can raise the ærenout far above the earth, and A GUIDE TO THE ORCHARD AND FRUIT GARDEN, by propel him-but without the power to regulate his Young's Patent Improved Compass," I can safely say I be George Lindley, edited by Jahn Lindley, Assistant course-through the clouds; while character may believe it to be much superior to any other instrument of the kind, Secretary of the Horticultural Society of London-compared to that fluid, which, acting in an humbler now in use, and as such most cheerfully recommend it to Enwith Notes, explanatory and practical, by Michael sphere, carries the voyager over land and sea and alFloy, of New York. New York: G. F. Hopkins lows him to choose his own track. The last quality, Son. This work of standard and acknowledged though it must be admitted that she unites a large merit in England, is specially recommended to Ame-share of the former to it, is we apprehend the distin-out Railroads, and can recommend them to the notice of Engi rican patronage by the additions made to it by Mr.guishing characteristic of Miss Edgeworth's own Floy-of which many consist in adapting its precepts mind: it is the pervading force and justness of her and practice to the differing meridians of our climate. sentiments and style of thinking, which impresses Another recommendation, in this quarter, will be, even common places from her pen more strongly on that Mr. Floy maintains the practicability, with pro- the understanding, than can all the charms of style, most favorable terms, viz: per care, of producing as good peaches now, as we the happiest ideas of more brilliant writers. But in used to have in former days-denying entirely the noticing works which have so often passed through soundness of Mr. Knight's theory of particular fruits the ordeal of criticism as these, we can do but little dying out by old age. more than repeat the observations of others, as we TALES AND NOVELS, BY MARIA EDGEWORTH; Har-have here perhaps even our own-made upon former pers' uniform edition, vol. IV.—“ Manœuvring," volumes of this same collection. Inasmuch, how"Almeria" and "Vivian" are the tales which com-ever, as to the majority of our readers they need not pose this volume-each of them excellent of its kind, our recommendation, we shall in future let them off and all differing in character and increasing in attrac-more easily. tion, from lively entertainment in the first to vivid

LESSONS ON SHELLS; New York, Peter Hill, 94

and powerful interest in the last. The distinguishing Broadway.-A very excellent and instructive little
characteristic between Miss Edgeworth's "Tales of
Fashionable Life" and most of the fashionable novels work, designed chiefly lor children, by the author of
which have for a time usurped the place they once so
"Lessons on Objects;" who originally gave these
justly held in popular favor, is easily traced. The lessons in a Pestalozzian school at Cheam, Surrey,
former paint men-the latter deal chiefly with man-
Eng. They are Illustrated by ten plates, drawn from
ners; and while scenes and characters are brought
forward, or turn upon the operation of some general MUSIC.-Louisville March and Quick Step-"O
principle in human nature in the first, they illustrate bid me not that strain to sing"-"The Shepherd's
or depend only upon some conventional rnle of socie-Gift" and "I'll follow thy fairy footsteps"-are the
ty in the last. In the one, the natural heart is paint-publications of the week at Arnott's, 197 Broadway.

nature

200 qr casks Marseilles Madeira, entitled to debenture
100 cases White Hermitage
50 do. Bordeaux Grave

4 cases Gum Arabic

2 cans Oil of Orange

8 casks French Madder, ESFF
2 do. do. SFF

10 do. Danish Smalts, FFFE; 20 do. Saxon do.

8 do. Small do. ; 20 kegs Tartaric Acid 200 kegs Saltpetre

200 bales superior quality Italian Hemp

20 tons Old Lead

300 barrels Western Canal Flour

500 do. Richmond country do.

100 bales Florida Cotton; 20 do. Mexican do.
20 do. Sea Island do.

200 do. Leghorn Rags, No 1.

100 do. Trieste

100 do. do.

do. SPF

do. FF

METEOROLOGICAL RECORD FOR THE WEEK ENDING MONDAY, APRIL 1, 1833.

OF INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS.

PUBLISHED WEEKLY, AT No. 35 WALL STREET, NEW-YORK, AT THREE DOLLARS PER ANNUM, PAYABLE IN ADVANCE.
D. K. MINOR, EDITOR.]
SATURDAY, APRIL 13, 1833.

CONTENTS:

Ithaca and Owego Railroad; South Carolina Railroad;
Newly Invented Railroad, &c..
..page 225
On City Railways and Water-Works, and the Applica
tion of Steamboats to assist Vessels over Shoals. .226
Manufactories, Botanic Garden of Liverpool, Railway,
&c.; The Chiragon, or Guide for the Hand. 227

228

Who first invented Steamboats; School Statistics; On
effecting an Useful Continued Motion (with an engr.).2
On Russell's Hydraulic Press; Chemical Discovery;
On computing the Moon's Distance; Potato Paste;
Locomotion without Steam; Mechanical Arts, &c...229|
Plan for the Speedy Extinction of Fires (with engrav-
ings); Dunham's Patent Serew Press (with engr.)..230
To prevent the Explosion of Steam Boilers (with eng.).231
On securing the Rudders of Vessels (with engravings).232
Experiments in Canal Steam Navigation...
Agriculture, &c.-Hotchkiss' Patent Grist Mill (with
engravings); Farmers' Work for April, &c.....233-4-5
Summary; Foreign Intelligence.
Literary Notices..

233

.236
.237

[VOLUME II.-No. 15.

look with much interest for the appearance of lately imported, have been placed upon the
this Report; and, judging from the information Railroad, and, we are pleased to learn, have,
conveyed by our highly capable informant, we the construction of the Road, given perfect sa-
from their speed and admirable adaptation to
can hardly conceive more advantageous stock tisfaction. This increased facility will enable
speculations and investments than will be un- the Company to prevent the disappointment
folded by its contents. For what can be a more
secure loan, than the mortgage of property on
which $165,000 has been expended, for $145,000
more, to be laid out in completing the work?
And how can there be a better chance of specu-
lation, than the privilege at any time, within
three years', of converting any part of the loan
into stock at its par value?

We predict, that as certainly as the Ithaca
239 Bank divides 10 or 12 per cent. a year, so surely
240 the Ithaca and Owego Railroad Stock will, in
three years time, divide 30 per cent. on its ca-
pital.

AMERICAN RAILROAD JOURNAL, &c.
NEW-YORK, APRIL 13, 1833.

which was occasionally experienced by the planter and the traveller, when there was but one Engine upon which to rely for the purposes of transportation.

As an evidence of the power and speed of these Engines, it is only necessary to state the fact that, on Monday morning last, a party of gentlemen left town at half past nine o'clock, in the coaches drawn by the "PIONEER," for the purpose of attending Greensville Court, remained at the Court House about two hours and a half, and returned to town by six o'clock in the evening-the whole distance being 82 miles. When the necessary delays at the several depots are taken into consideration, this trip will, we think, justify the assertion that they cannot "order these things better in France."-[Petersburg. Intel.]

ALABAMA RAILROAD.-At a meeting of the We understand that the Ithaca and Owego stockholders of the Railroad Company at CourtMANCHESTER AND LEEDS RAILWAY.-There Railroad Company are about to apply to the land, the following gentlemen were elected directors for the next ensuing twelve months, viz:is some talk of the revival of this great public capitalists of this city for a loan, upon terms Ben. Sherrod, D. Hubbard, P. W. Taylor, undertaking, but the disgust of the gentlemen similar to those offered by the Paterson Rail-H. W. Rhodes, Jas. T. Sykes, J. B. Wallace, engaged in the former application to Parliament road Company. We understand from a highly Mr. Leach, D. S. Goodloe, Jas. Elliot, J. L. at the treatment the interests they represented intelligent friend, who has been favored with an The officers are, B. Sherrod, President; D. G. where one set of members heard the case, and McRae, B. Merrill, Jas. Fennel, M. Tarver. experienced in the committee of the Commons, inspection of a few sheets of the first Report of Ligon, Secretary; Dr. J. Shackleford, Trea- another set, who had not heard it, decided the Company, now in press, that it appears be-surer; D. Deshler, Engineer. against those claims, forms a serious impediyond a question, that the first year's nett pro- We are enabled to state that a large additional ment to the renewed application. Let us hope supply of railroad iron is just received from that a reformed Parliament will have reformed Liverpool, and that other materials are likely committees.-[Leeds Mercury.] to be furnished as fast as they may be required. All that is requisite now to enable the contractors to progress with renewed energy, is a little establishment of a railroad between London fair weather. The first annual report of the and Gloucester is contemplated. One tunnel engineer is now preparing for the press, and will be necessary, of about two miles in length. Alabamian.] will be forthcoming in a few weeks.-[North The surveys have been made, and it is calculated that, including all expenses, it will take £13,000 per mile to complete it. It is intended to terminate at Paddington.

LONDON AND GLOUCESTER RAILWAY.-The

Newly-invented Railroad.-Our attention has been again drawn to the National Gallery of Practical Science, where there is now exhibiting an Undulated Railroad, recently invented by Mr. Richard Badnall,

eeeds of the road can hardly fall short of 20 per cent. on the amount of capital necessary to complete the work. Prior estimates, indeed, make the amount nearer 30 per cent.; but as the Report is to be circulated at the time that the Company advertise for the loan, they who have investments to make may examine for themselves. The result, however, by no means astonishes those who are at all acquainted with OUR RAILROAD.-The Charleston Mail was the immense amount of business and travel delivered in Augusta, on Tuesday morning last, at about 5 o'clock, in 22 hours after it left this passing through the region traversed by this city. The whole distance as now travelled is road-nor will it surprise any one who is at 145 miles. The Steam Car accomplished the the pains to inquire into the resources and ac-distance of 72 miles in 6 hours, with 3 or 4 tons whereon a locomotive carriage travels with a rapidtual business of the southern tier of counties of iron and several passengers. The Augusta|ity far exceeding that of a similar one when moving with their Pennsylvanian connexions. Chronicle of the 27th remarks, that "this is upon the common or level railroad, the propelling the quickest trip that has yet been performed power being the same. The carriage model is workFew are aware of the fact, that nearly one- on the route, and affords an earnest of the fu-ed by machinery, on three differently constructed eighth of the canal toll was paid, in the year ture success, and rapidity of travelling, which roads; and the object is to prove, that a much less 1828, at the Montezuma Collector's office, will be attained when the entire route of the power is required to obtain the same speed on the undulating than on the level road, and of course, that, which was the revenue office to the Cayuga Railroad is completed to Hamburg."-[Charles- by availing ourselves of the irregular surface of the ton Gazette.] Lake business; and a New-Yorker would hardground, railroads may be constructed much cheaper than heretofore, and with an evident advantage in ly believe that 350 tons of butter and lard leave THE RAILROAD.-The two Locomotive En-the lighter construction of the engines and the conIthaca every season for his city! We shall gines, (the "LIVERPOOL" and the "PIONEER,")sumption of fuel.-[London paper.]

tor of the Railroad Journal.

sons interested in their use.

will run on the rails.

On City Railways and Water-Works, and Some||tween our great sea-ports for the western trade,||mill, and runs too low to flow onto this island, Account of the Application of Steamboats to New-York will be under some disadvantage. except the northern plain, which will want it assisting Vessels over Shoals. To the Edi- The financial power of the state government by-an'-by, as much as the southern alluvial sustains Philadelphia; here the public spirit of part of the city-and could, with the best mathe moneyed interest is alone relied on. This nagement, afford here only enough for washing Your widely circulating Journal may is stong indeed, if united; but just calculation the streets; the Croton does not lay high bring the following description of Mechanic Im-must do this. There must be no sacrifice of enough to be brought with the required slope interest, but certainty of ample recompense-onto this island, and is a very inadequate and provements within the knowledge of some per- and this the Legislature may make certain by uncertain source even at great expense: all liberal charters. There is no other way of which leads me to think that the rock water I think it will be soon found that where Rail-uniting capital in public works but this; and veins, as natural aqueducts, will be preferred; roads of great extent terminate in cities at one this is the best way, especially if the state and and were the city corporation, after success, place, inconvenience will attend the manage-ing is a perpetuity, with banking privileges. city take a part of the stock, and the undertak-to have the power of always increasing the stock as much as they might choose to put in, ment of the business. Most of the loading will It is calculated that about ten millions are to extend the supply, the city would at length be the produce of the soil-of mines and of accumulated in this city annually. A consid- hold a predominant part, as well in the proposed manufacturing industry-increased in value byerable amount also comes from Europe, and bank as aqueduct, and thus in time derive a so much as may be saved in the transportation. not a small sum is ready to come here from profit that would diminish taxes or sustain chaother parts of our country. Perhaps there is ritable institutions. But I do not see, as paThe following modification of a city railway to be no better form of property than the few tentee (with Mr. Disbrow) of these instruments, and carriages will probably be found conve- railroads that are to be, or can be made from this how this is to be done, without a beginning, nient. At present I propose to give their out-great centre of commerce, as they must bring by a chartered company, to embody the capital line and effects; and in a future number, the de- the bulky produce of the soil and the coal mines, required for the first ten or twelve years. There tails, with a plate, should it be found desirable. and carry back direct, and therefore cheap, must be a private interest concerned in the gelarge returns of merchandize. neral extension of the supply. Whoever will The carriage must have the usual properties read Col. Clinton's Report, and especially my of the railroad waggon, its stiffness and flanch- This growing city, thus to become the centre Supplement, with the quotations from it, will es-and of the city carriage, its flexibility and of American commerce, is still however un-be convinced that this city cannot be otherwise supplied generally with that article of prime ne- very soon accommodated, generally, with good tire. It must now run on an edge rail, and now cessity, pure water; and yet no city in the Union water. on the street: the rails must change their might be so fully and agreeably supplied. Hav- But were it otherwise, when a boring that principle at the point where the locomotive ing mentioned the expedient for keeping the cost $1,000 gives water enough for 600 famiengine stops, and the horse is attached to con- proposed railway clean, I will with your leave, lies-and when one that would now cost $5,000 go a little further into the explanation of that gives enough for 2,000 families-it can scarcely vey each carriage to its destination. On this city track, into which the other sud-subject, referring to my recent publication, be considered a doubtful operation as to quanwhich contains the results of surveys, geologi-tity. denly changes, the wheels run on their flanches, cal maps and considerations, which go far to- The Common Council, however respectable somewhat widened, and formed of wrought iron, wards showing that this city must mainly rely individually, is not a sufficiently permanent boguided by the horse, who has his path marked on its deep subterraneous sources. dy, personally, for great undertakings. We have The range of stratified rock which affords seen it to be necessary even to commit the inout by its depression between the rails, and be-this fine water happens to cross this city. It is vestigations to a commission, and Philadelphia ing a little on one side the middle, and his shafts about seven miles wide in the county of Berk-appointed her permanent Water Committee. shifting a little to conform to it; NO OTHER car-shire, Massachusetts, and comes to the surface A company, therefore, in which the city and riage travelling with its horse in the same path in strata dipping westward; it yields excellent state may take stock, and that may be carried water there when the wells are excavated into through by one Board of Directors, is the best One track will answer, if the contiguous pave-it. From thence it is distinctly traced along plan. ment and the middle is smooth paved, with ce- the west of the Housatonick, between the Cromented fragments, so that the carriages going ton and Bronx, giving out copious springs, Having thus described two improvements in opposite directions may turn out for each which, in fact, form the ponds at the head of applicable to use in our central cities, I will ask other. The ordinary travel may be expected these streams; continuing southward it forms leave to mention another likely to be useful in to give place to railway carriage for the moment the greater part of this island, and here gives some places at the south, and on the North they are passing, as when it enters on the ety forth the large quantities which the great well River. track, it becomes a city carriage; its forward contains, and which the perforation of these Having an interest in the general adoption of axle must be capable of taking various oblique strata, by Disbrow's powerful instruments, af- the late improvement in Steamboats by Blanrelations to the perch, turn cores, and follow fords. The range then passes under the Hud- chard, well known as a very successful mewherever the track leads--when, to return, the son, and most of New-Jersey, and at Philadel-chanician, it has, in perceiving the troubleshafts are shifted to the other end-the now phia and Baltimore again re-appears, and affords some delays at the Overslaugh Shoal, below Alhind axle is fixed, and the other released-and there, also, the same fine water, free from all bany, occurred to me that it would be easy to on reaching the railroad, both are secured mineral taint and hardness. apply the power of the steam-engine in this square. But while on the railway of the city. Therefore, however otherwise the public mu-kind of boat, to the lifting up and carrying vesthe wheels must revolve independently of each nificence may finally decide to bring water for sels over shoals. other, yet retain the advantage of fixedness on public uses into this city, here is a method which, their axles, and of the friction saving apparaat moderate expense, will afford a sure supply tus belonging to them. The model will satis-to families. factorily exhibit the consistency of these pro- The required capital to give it liberally and perties. cheaply to the whole city, can only be embo- With two of them I form the steam camel. The iron rail may be about six inches wide, died under an incorporated company, with Between them a cradle of covered chains renearly flush with the surface of the stone line, banking privileges, which would have probably ceives the vessel to be raised. The boats have It will be of consequence that the street should been obtained the present session, had there each two masts. The engines draw these masts be kept clean where a flush track is placed along not been unexpected impediments in the con- towards each other, heeling the boats inward. its centre, and with this view tubes may be trariety of opinion prevalent on the subject. The chains are at the same time wound up. sunk on the higher parts of the street to raise Delay cannot, however, change the facts ascer-On releasing the masts the buoyancy of the water from the deep rock veins that are found tained. They are in the nature of this kind of steamboats lift the vessel, or barge, with the under each of our three principal cities, and the rock, and will, with the patented instruments, reaction of all the power used in producing it. general cleanliness of the street would be the which reach and raise it at one-tenth the ex- The three now share the load. This machine pense of excavated wells, be the foundation of is probably applicable to the shoals of the DeIndeed, the whole street would be improved, an application to the Legislature the next ses-laware, and the bars and shoals of some of the as it is likely the systematic pavement required sion-for which the company will now forth-southern rivers in North Carolina and Virgiin setting the track would so contrast with the with begin to form, by the aid of philanthropic nia. This sort of boat is peculiarly well suited rough slight mode now customary, that before individuals, and probably operate, trusting that to the Lake navigation, carrying her impulse in long it will be relinquished, as this branch of the guardians of the public weal will not refuse the stern, and being capable of great length, public expense is susceptible of much more to concur, to sanction, and even to join in the with strength, and of sailing on a wind, yet economy in this perfect way in the long run. work, as there can be no reasonable doubt that using her engine. According to the several charters already this must be the mode of supply. The surveys granted, there will be four great railroad routes have shown, with the practical considerations I from this city. The business of three of them have pointed out, that the head of the Byram is Ject of contracts, into which I am disposed to must cross the ferries, and will more conve- not and cannot be ours; nor, were it so, is it enter, as having a legal special privilege for a niently do so in the same waggons to enter on worth the expense of obtaining under such unlong time to come, relative thereto. distributing railways. certainties. I have shown that the Bronx is, JOHN L. SULLIVAN, Civil Engineer. In the competition about commencing be-in summer, a small stream, enough only for one|| New-York, April 6, 1833.

consequence.

This kind of steamboat is exceedingly light, stiff, and strong, and carries her impelling wheel in the stern, and operates very powerfully in ascending several of our most rapid rivers.

These three improvements may be the sub

Do.
Do.

of Merchandize
of 15 persons

Tons. Cwt. Qr.

24

15 0

1

00

108 5 0

Manufactories, Botanic Garden, of Liverpool,|| The Abbey of Childwald and its grounds dis-||arches finally conduct the railway to the Comand Railway connecting Liverpool with Man- play themselves still farther in the rear; Roby pany's station. The bridges alone, exclusive of chester. By B. P. [From the New-York Far- Hall and domains, with the richly wooded town-the culverts and foot stages, are sixty-three in mer and American Gardener's Magazine.] ships of Little Woolton and Halewood, the lofty || number, which have cost the Company £99,065 Liverpool, though situated in the most ex-back ground of Runcorn in the distance; on 11s. 9d. As an instance of what may be actensive manufacturing county in the kingdom, is the left, Summer Hill and its beautiful grounds, complished by the railway, the following is annot in itself, properly speaking, a manufactur- a richly cultivated country, broken up into nexed, which took place in February 1831. ing town, still many branches of manufactured picturesque variety by the nature of the The Locomotive Engine, called the Sampson, articles aon an extensive scale, viz. Potteries, ground and the varied bodies of foliage and started from the tunnel mouth with thirty loadbrewer, foundries, &c. The making of files, forest scenery which mark the sight of Knows-ed waggons, occupying a line of 120 yards long. watches, watch movements and tools used by ley Hall, a glimpse of which may be caught The weight of the whole was as follows: watch makers, is carried on to a greater extent en passant. The venerable tower of Huyton Gross weight, 151 tons. probably in Liverpool and its environs than in Church rising above the trees seems to dispute any part of the kingdom. There are also exten- the way in front, whilst the spire of Prescot Net weight of Oats and Sacks 82 10 0 sive manufactories of chain cables, anchors, Church forms a conspicuous object a little more steam engines, &c. There is also an establish- to the left. On the summit of the hill, eight ment for glass staining in landscape, figures, miles from Liverpool, begins the inclined plane or ornaments; the art is brought to a high de. at Whiston, which rises at the rate of 3 of an gree of perfection, and has a most beautiful inch in a yard, and is a mile and a half long. She performed the journey to Manchester, a effect in church windows. About half a mile from the top of this plane distance of twenty-nine miles and three quar The Botanic Garden is pleasantly situated the turnpike road from Liverpool to Manchester ters, in two hours and thirty-four minutes, inin the environs, and is enclosed by a stone wall crosses the line of the railway, by a substantial cluding a stop of thirteen minutes for taking in with two ornamental lodges at the entrance, and stone bridge of very curious mechanical con- water-her greatest speed was twenty miles a very large conservatory. It appears to be under struction. We then soon come to what is called per hour, and the average about twelve miles the eye of those who have not only the taste Parr Moss, the depth of which is about 20 feet; per hour. Although the railway cost £820,000, but the means of gratifying it, as every thing ap- and here the material forming the railway, as equal to $3,630,800, still the profits are such pears to be of the most permanent construction. it was deposited, sank to the bottom, and now that the shares bear a very high premium. The taste for botanical studies, and the estab- forms an embankment in reality 25 feet high, The arrival of an American in a place like Manlishment of such a fine garden as that at Liver- though only 4 or 3 feet appear above the surface chester is generally attended with unpleasant pool, is worthy of imitation by every large city.of the Moss. sensations; the coach generally leaves passenTo describe the contents would be tedious; suf- The borders of this waste are in a state of gers at the "Bridgewater Arms," an old inn, fice it to say, the garden appeared to contain increasing cultivation, and carrying the railway and more worthy of a preference from its antievery species of useful and ornamental fruit or across this Moss will hasten the enclosure of quity than its excellence. A little observation flowers. Strangers are admitted by taking a note the whole area. Leaving Parr Moss the great will soon learn a traveller that passengers arfrom any of the directors to the superintendant. valley of the Sankey speedily breaks upon the riving in the coaches do not receive the attenLiverpool abounds in fine public buildings, sight, with its canal at the bottom. Over this tion that those who come in a post chaise or charitable and literary institutions, several fine valley the railway is carried along a magnificent private carriage do. Appearances often commonuments, &c. but I pass over them to give viaduct of nine arches, each 50 feet span, the mand respect and attention even in our republiyou a short description of the railway which height from the top of the parapets to the water can country, and in all countries often take the connects it with Manchester, and which is in the canal being 70 feet, and the width of the place of worth. probably one of the most stupendous under- railway between the parapets 25 feet; from this Manchester is larger than Liverpool, and is takings of the age. The work was commenced spot a splendid prospect of the country is ob- second only to the metropolis. Many of the in June, 1826. The entrance commences in tained, with the meanderings of the canal dwellings and warehouses are built on narrow Wapping, near the Docks, and passes under the through a richly wooded country, where the and crooked streets, principally of brick, of a town in a gentle curve to the right or south- vessels which navigate the Mersey may fre- very dusky hue, which is much increased by east, till it reaches the bottom of the inclined quently be seen moving along the canal, impell-the coal smoke from the numerous manufactoplane, which is a perfectly straight line 1,980 ed by the wind apparently through fields, with ries and dwellings, hence they have a dark and yards in length, with a uniform rise of of an all their canvass set, amidst trees and rising gloomy appearance, which is much increased inch to a yard. The tunnel under the town is grounds, forming a view at once unique and by the very frequent rains which fall in Man22 feet wide and 16 feet high, the sides being picturesque whilst the most distant part of the chester, and which are attributed to the mounperpendicular for 5 feet in height, surrounded landscape, Newton race-course, and a luxuri-tainous regions in the vicinity. Few places are by a semi-circular arch of 11 feet radius-the ant back ground, on the left, with Barton wood, less interesting than Manchester, excepting attotal length is 2,250 yards. It is whitewashed Winwick spire, and all the varieties of a rich ways her manufactories; and the misery, want throughout, and illuminated with gas. At the agricultural country, embracing the lonely vale and wretchedness of the operatives would alupper or eastern end of the tunnel, the traveller through which the canal runs towards the Mer- most make one wish that manufactures had emerges into a spacious and noble area 40 feet sey, on the right, presents a scene on which the never advanced, and ancient modes of the wheel below the surface of the ground, cut out of the eye delights to rest. A distant view of War- and distaff been confined to private families as solid rock, and surmounted on every side by rington with the upper reach of the Mersey and formerly. A writer remarks, that of the thouwalls and battlements. A massive Moorish Helsby Hills in the distance, form prominent sands that throng Manchester, crowded togetharchway stretches across the road, close by the objects. On the other side of Newton is the er in narrow streets, where the everlasting din engine houses, which are employed in the great Kenyon excavation, near the end of this of machinery is heard, you scarcely see a person generation of steam power to draw goods from cutting the Kenyon and Leigh junction railway whose appearance bespeaks comfort. Howthe mouth of the tunnel in Wapping, and the joins the Liverpool and Manchester line, point-ever, we saw some interesting objects, which I carriages with passengers through the tunnel ing to the two towns respectively; this railway, will describe in my next. Yours truly, on their return from Manchester. Crossing the at the same time, by means of the Bolton and street the road descends for five miles and a Leigh line, perfects the communication between half at the rate of 4 feet in the mile. At a little Bolton, Manchester and Liverpool. Beyond THE CHIRAGON, or Guide for the Hand. distance it is carried through a deep marl cut- Bury-lane and the small river Gless or Glaze--Mr. Wm. Stidolph, a schoolmaster at ting, under several stone arches, beyond which brook, lie the borders of the far-famed Chat Blackheath, has invented an apparatus to is the great rock excavation through Olive Mount; the depth is 70 feet. This barren waste comprises an area of which the name of Chiragon is given; by A night journey through this artificial ravine about 12 miles square, varying in depth from the assistance of which, a person who has must be highly interesting and sublime; a few 10 to 35 feet, the whole Moss being of so spon- become blind after learning the art of wriminutes suffice to carry the traveller to the mag-gy a nature that cattle cannot walk over it, but ting, may continue his practice without the nificent embankment between Broad, Green, it is now under a process of draining and cul- risk of confounding words or lines together. and Roby, which in fine weather presents a tivation over this morass the road is carried. It consists of a frame, with a raised margin, portion of the most interesting and varied land- There is little of interest in the scenery except upon which margin is placed a narrow piece which meets the eye during the journey on the left, Worsley Hall and grounds, Tidsley of wood, having a groove to receive a corresto Manchester. On the right a superb line of Church, with the back ground of Billinge Hills. trees partially bound the view for some distance, Having accomplished the passage of the moss ponding key that is attached to a collar or In the sides of the when Childwald Vale bursts upon the sight, and traversed the Barton embankment of about bracelet for the wrist. with its gently rising green slope; on the side one mile, the railway crosses the Worsley Ca-frame series of notches are cut, into which of which the church peeps through the trees, nal, and here the traveller first sees indications the grooved piece of wood is placed succesand forms an object of uncommon interest of a manufacturing district. Cotton factories sively so as to form the regular intervals beits dark red color firmly contrasting with the begin to appear, and as the road approaches tween the lines, whilst the hand is permitted masses of fine green foliage by which it is surManchester the scene acquires additional interounded.

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rest from the presence of several country seats. by the collar to pass freely from the left to The immediate approach to Manchester is the right, but is confined to certain limits in through Salford, over the river Irwell; a very its action up and down, or in the direction handsome stone bridge and a series of splendid of the length of the paper used.

The wri