COMMERCE OF N.Y.-We are indebted to Captain Schofield, of the U.S. Revenue Barge Office, for the following list of arrivals at this port, from foreign ports, for the year ending last evening. There have arrived at this port, from the 1st of January 1832 to the 1st of January 1833, 1810 vessels from foreign ports, of which 1290 were Americans, viz. 375 ships, 609 brigs, 281 schooners, 21 barques and 4 sloops| FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE. From Liverpool, we have by the Pacific, packet ship, papers of 16th, and London papers of 15th November. They complete our files, and, though affording no news, enable us to present some de tails of what was before known. A letter of the 14th, from a house of the highest A meeting of Bankers and Traders was held at the London Tavern on the 13th, to express regret and apprehension at the measures taken by Ministers against the Dutch. This proceeding is thus ridiculed by the London Times : -he has made no effort to prevent the communica. tion between it and the city; if he did he would be frustrated, and the party cut off from the centre of the line. Great reinforcemente have arrived from England and elsewhere, and it was stated at the time of the Royalist leaving, that Gen. Excelmans, from France, had arrived at Oporto in the Liverpool steamer. Count Villa Flor has resigned his command of the army, the cause of which is unknown; and Don Pe. all disappointed his troops, and has expressed his determination either to conquer or die in the cause. He has appointed Sir J. M. Doyle as his Aid.de. -369 British, viz. 38 ships, 44 barques, 183 brigs, commercial standing in London, expresses great dro has taken the command himself, which not at 102 schooners and 2 sloops-French, 8 ships, 3 bar solicitude lest a general war in Europe should enques, 31 brigs- Spanish, 1 ship, 14 brigs, 4 schoon.sue; and adds, that owing to such an apprehension, ers-Dutch, Hamburg and Bremen, 12 ships, 15 trade was very much at a stand. brigs, 3 barques, 2 galliots-Swedish, 5 ships, 4 barques, 12 brige, 4 schooners-Danish, 4 ships, 7 brigs -Portuguese, 1 schooner-Brazilian, 1 schooner -Austrian, 6 brigs-Colombian, 2 schooners-Ital. ian, 3 brigs-Russian, 1 ship, 1 brig-Mexican, 1 brig-Haytien, 3 brigs, 1 schooner. Bringing 48,. 589 passengers: 1425 arrived in January, 770 in February, 1438 in March, 3087 in April, 5856 in May, 8108 in June, 6969 in July, 6985 in August, 3950 in September, 3685 in October, 5201 in November, 1115 in December. Two of Admiral Sartorius's frigates are in such a dilapidated state as to be unfit for further service unless repaired, and it is said they will proceed either to Vigo or England to refit. The Don John is in such a state from the late naval engagement as to be altogether unseaworthy; she has at least 300 shot in This Conservative party-colored, politico-mer- her hull, and about sixty under water; she is lying cantile, Dutch-loving, reform-hating, peace-profess at Lisbon. The Caledonia and Asia are at anchor ng, war-provoking city meeting of yesterday, turned off Lisbon, which has given great joy to the British out to be, as we were sure it would, a desperate residents in that city, as they will be protected from failure. Nor could it be otherwise. In support of the cowardly insults of the Miguelites. The Briton the professed object of the meeting, there was not and Leveret were cruising off Oporto. The army of a word to be said; not one sylable in the shape of Don Pedro is estimated at 15,000 strong. Desertions argument could be pressed into the service by that to a small amount take place in the army of Don cloak for the shallowness of the pretence upon ingenious gentleman, Mr. Thomas Baring, as a Miguel. which the requisition was got up; and we will ven Colonization Affairs.-A meeting of the people of color was held in the Methodist Episcopal Church, on Monday last, to hear the Report of Gloster Simp. BOR and Archy Moore, who, our readers may recollect were deputed by the people of color, to ascertain the state of things at the colony, on the coast of Af rica. The report was listened to with attention, andre to say, that if the whole business was yester-ing of the Chambers, of which the session was to we have no doubt, will have great influence in promoting the objects of the colony.-[Natchez (Miss.) Journal, Nov. 30th.] During the past five years the number of emigrants arrived in Quebec has amounted to 156,000-equal to three-fourths of the population of the city of New York. As an evidence of the extent and importance of our trade to Pora, it is stated that during one year, next proceeding August last, seventy-two American whale ships of nearly 25,000 tons burthen visited the little port of Payta alone. day morning at breakfast time suspected by the The accounts from Berlin and the banks of the Rhine speak confidently of the assembling of Prus sian forces on the frontier of France; and an ar In Paris expectation was all alive about the meet commence on the 19th Nov. The contest for the Presidency of the Deputies will be between M. La. fitte and M. Dupin-neither of them warmly or well affected towards the present ministry. This ques. tion and that of how the Dutchess of Berry was to be dieposed of, occupied the anxious attention of the Cabinet. On these heads the following letter, from a correspondent in Paris of the London Courier, is interesting; that paper says the fullest reliance may be placed on the writer of it :— As rangement is alluded to, by which Venloo, now held by Belgium, but which, according to the Protocols of the Conference, is to be given up to Holland, is to be taken possession of by a Prussian force. Prussia did not at the Conference assent to the coThe following is the amount of duties paid by the ercive measures adopted by France and England different Auctioneers of Philadelphia,during the last against Holland, she can have no pretext for send. quarter:-Thomas, Gill &Co.$8034 72; R. F. Allen & Co. 7935 21; Graham & Mandeville, 4334 02; ing her troops to occupy Venloo. The first and Lippincott, Richards & Co. 2044 97; Moses Thomas, most important effect of such occupation would be 1060 02; Baker & Mackay, 359 75; T. W. L. Free-to leave free for hostilities against Leopold the man, 294 82; C. J. Wolbert, 210; Geo. Riter, 65 61;| Dutch garrison, which otherwise would be required S. Poulterer, $39 87.-Total, $24,385 99. In Portugal things remain much as usual: the latest dates are of the 9th November from Oporto, which we find in the London Globe of 15th. That paper says— for that extensive fortress; and that is virtually We record, to-day, with great regret, the acciden-aiding the Dutch King. tal death of Mr. Matthias Raser, an estimable man, and one whose unexpected decease must be lamented by all who knew him. About six, yesterday evening, the Germantown Railroad cars, seven in num. ber, drawn by a locomotive engine, arrived in this city from Germantwon; Mr. Raser being a passen. No engagement had taken place subsequent to the ger in that next to the engine. Soon after the train accounts received to the 27th ultimo. Don Miguel, had stopped, he stepped upon a wheel to get out. The however, occasionally favors the besieged with a few car moved forward, we know not from what cause-shells and shot, without doing any mischief or excit. he foll, and the wheels passed over his body. It was ing any alarm. The Miguelites are active in their called out, that a passenger had fallen; and the car being backed, the wheels went across the unfortu. nate gentleman again. His speedy death was the consequence. Phil. Chron. Dec. 31.] preparations for a general and desperate attack on PARIS, Nov. 13. "The Ministry are perplexed with the cogent ar guments of the Parisian Press directed against the Ordonnance relative to the Duchess of Berry. It cannot now be withdrawn, and it has been resolved at the numerous assemblies of the centre gauche and by the majority of the members composing the reunion held at General de Thiers's, that the Princess shall be tried by the Chamber of Peers. Government should have begun by an Ordonnance to this effect; though not strictly conformable to the Char. ter, it would have been tolerated as the only means of avoiding the ignominy of a Court of Assizes. The capture of the Duchess has made less impression in the capital than strangers may suppose.— The Court is afflicted and embarrassed beyond all idea; but M. Thiers, with a view to his position at the opening of the Session, adopted this measure certainly without having specially consulted the higher powers, to whom it was a painful surprize. It was desired and intended, that a plan would have been adopted to oblige the Duchess to leave the country. M. Montalivet had made the necessary arrangements for this purpose-they had obtained the highest sanction. It is, however, believed, that the passions of the Accident.-An accident of an afflicting nature, multitude may be restrained at the presence of an occurred in Haverhill on Tuesday last, in the death illustrious female who was never unpopular in of a young man named Edward H. Foster, a clerk in Don Miguel arrived at Braga on the 6th instant, France, and whose adventures pourtray so much the store of Mr. Peter Osgood. The circumstances where the major part of his army is, consisting of gallantry and perseverance. Besides the masses are these:-Mr. Osgood had placed a bottle on the about 17,000 men, whom he is going to command in bourgeoises stand in much need of repose; and the stove containing between two and three gallons of person. He has left his sisters at the Convent of the national guard, especially of Paris, forms a part of Alcohol, with several pounds of Gum Shellac for Ursalines. Don Miguel was warmly received by that these masses. Declamation and invective are readsolution. It had been customary occasionally to division of his army, who have evinced great devo.ily excited; but armed resistance and destruction are shake the bottle, in order to facilitate the process, tedness to his cause. He has caused strong batteries not so easy. but always raising the cork. The young man neglec. to be erected on the south side of the Douro, where "The repugnance that the country feels at the inted to observe this caution--shook the bottle, when he has about 11,000 men, to command the city and cessant changes which have so often new moddeled it burst, throwing its contents over hin, and coming bar, so that the expected bombardment may be spon- the Administration since the Revolution, may win a in instant contact with the stove, he was covered, taneous at the time fixed, to paralyze, and, if possi. feeble majority to Government at the opening of the and the store filled, with flame. The young man ble, to discomfit the besieged. Don Pedro intends Session. But, if obtained, how dearly will it be pur. and Mr. Osgood made for the street door, but were to send a reinforcement of troops to Villa Nova to chased! with what humiliations must it be preserboth unable to open it, when the young man plunged attempt the destruction of the batteries, which it is ved! M. Dupin, from the fausse position I have alheadlong through the glazed part of the door into supposed he will be enabled to do under the shelter ready described, has a far better chance of becoming the street, the fire and smoke bursting out furiously of the Serra Convent. Don Miguel purposes to President of the Chamber of deputies than Minister, through the opening thus made. Mr. Osgood made commence the attack on the Bon Successo side of at least for a time, unless he convents to enrol himhis escape through a back door. The flame which Oporto, which has hitherto been the weakest side of self servilely under the banners of the present Ad enveloped the young man was very soon extinguish. the lines. Don Pedro, supposing such to be the de- ministration. This his friends declare is not possi. ed by an individual in a neighboring skop throwing sign of his antagonist, has taken the precaution to ble, while the Duc de Broglie and M. Guizot form a pail of water upon him. Medical aid was imme-strengthen that side, and has ordered the houses and part of it. As long as the King supports these Min. diately procured, and it was found that he was burnt trees which would cover the advance of the besiegers isters they will remain, undaunted by the phrases of from his face to his feet. He lingered in distress to be destroyed. Den Miguel has threatened to at the address; but there are rumours afloat that, ow. until Thursday afternoon, when he expired. tack Foye; but it is not at all probable he will do solling to the captivity of the Duchess, his Majesty will be reluctantly obliged to offer up MM. de Broglie and Guizot as a holocaust to the Parisians. M. Thiers would have caused less regret; but the part he has played in the late event has consolidated his power for the present. "The diplomatic world affirm here that, if the King of Holland does not evacuate Antwerp on the march of the French troops towards it, with the concur. rence and in conformity to the offers of the French Cabinet, Prussia will occupy Venloo and the banks of the Meuse, comprehending a part of Luxembourg, until the siege of Antwerp is ended. The French complain they purchase the right of battle very dear. To-day 55,000 men cross the frontier. writes: ages, and curious drafts of articles written by the mands the 7th corps in Westphalia. He was, in the war of invasion, Governor of Paris. He is an ultra, arrogant, clever, and crafty diplomatist, a good chief of staff, but not beloved by his corps, and incapable of making a campaign, on account of his Capt. Baxter, arrived yesterday from Amsterdam, LATEST FROM EUROPE.-The barque Brighton, from which place she sailed on the 16th November. She brought no papers, but we learn from the Captain that the French and English squadron were blockading the coast of Holland. They detained only Dutch vessels, of which they had sent a number to England. King Leopold had requested a truce of 14 days, but it was not ascertained whether it had been granted. HOME AFFAIRS. The Breton of Nantes, of the 11th inst. contains the following account of Etienne Gonzague Deutz, infirmities. who betrayed the Duchess of Berry : "He is aged thirty-one years, and a native of NEWS BY THE WAY OF CHARLESTON.-The steam. Cologne, where he was educated in the Jewish re. packet David Brown, in four and a half days from ligion. In 1826, he resided at Rome, with his Un- Charleston, and bringing as usual the first report of cle, the celebrated Deutz, Rabbi of that religion.Without any ineans of subsistence, or at least with. her own arrival out, furnishes us with papers from out a fortune sufficient to supply his habits of ex- that place of 28th and 29th. From the Mercury travagance, he left his protector to seek a more of 29th, we extract the following paragraph, refer. Another correspondent of the same paper thus agreeable way of living. Urged by the Propaganda, ring to some days later accounts from Holland than he denied his God and hecame a Catholic. Great those received here. The report of Leopold's asking PARIS, Nov. 13.-The members of our two Cham. was the exultation of Christendom at his conver bers begin gradually to arrive in the metropolis, and sion, which was considered a great event at Rome. a truce can hardly be accurate. preparatory deliberations among the different parties lived a long time upon the pecuniary supplies grant. Deutz, in high favor with the heads of the Church now daily take place. The first assembly of the op-ed him by the Cardinal Albani. It appears that in position members was held on Saturday forenoon, at a house in the rue Neuve St. Augustin. A considera. 1831, Gonzague Deutz, after having made a voyage ble number attended, a good deal of conversation took to America, returned to Europe. From a desire to placo, but no measure was decided upon. The same open to himself a new sphere of life, ho attached members are to assemble again on the 19th, the very himself, by some services which are unknown to us, day of the opening of the Session, to fix upon the to the Duchess of Berry, on her visit to Rome. An person to whom they will give their votes for the individual named Druck, brother-in-law to Deutz, Presidency. You know that the contest will be became attached, under Charles the Tenth, to the between Messrs. Lafitte and Dupin. Until very Duke of Bordeaux, and this afforded the other the shortly, the triumph of M. Lafitte was looked upon means of introducing himself to the Duchess of Bercertain; but I hear from good authority, that Gov. ry. He soon gained the confidence of the Duchess, ernment has succeeded in gaining over a good many delicate missions, and thereby strengthened the good who amply rewarded him, and sent him on several votes on that point; and that in the present aspect of affaris, the majority seems to be rather in favor opinion which the Princess entertained of him. Af. of M. Dupin. The great difficulty will, however, ter landing in France, Deutz was entrusted with still be to persuade that gentleman to accept the important missions, of which, on their being acpost. In the mean while, many changes may still complished, he rendered an account to the Princess occur between this and the definitive vote, particu- at Nantes, a few months ago. After this, the Prin. larly if the geneal report be true, that the Cabinet is cess sent him on a fresh mission to Germany. It is not at present as united as might be wish d. Mar. said that, at Frankfort, he became acquainted with shal Soult and M. Thiers are, it is said, at complete an individual attached to the French police. Here variance with their colleagues; and if a modification the first overtures for betraying the Duchess were should take place in the Cabinet, it will e rtainly be made. On quitting Frankfort he went to Rome, in their favor. The Chief discrepancy arose on M whore he was received by the Pope, who gave him Barthe, the ministers of Justice, refusing to sign the letters for the Duchess of Berry. From Rome he ordinance concerning the Dutches of Berry. This proceeded to Portugal, where he saw Don Miguel, ordinance will besides be a considerable stumbling who also gave him letters for the Royal Duchess.From Lisbon he returned to Paris, and made a final Yesterday a numerous assembly of the Members arrangement for delivering up the Duchess. It is of the Chamber of Deputies took place at a new stated that it amounts to nearly a million of francs. Chamber, amongst whom were persons of all parto Nantes, and applied for an interview with the In order to carry his project into execution, he went ties. After examining and admiring the new ar rangements, which are really very handsome and Princess. The persons who knew the retreat of the generally approved of, excepting, however, the white Dutchess being a little suspicious; at first refused and gold ornaments, which are found to be of too his request. But as he would communicate the re. light a nature for the gravity of the place, the Mem-sult of his journey, and the despatches he had, to the bers proceeded to discuss the measures of the Cabi- Duchess alone, he was admitted to an interview on net, and this I can mention to you as a positivé fact, block for Government. that an almost unanimous resolution was taken to reject any law whatever that might be presented to Government concerning the Princess, the Chamber not wishing to take any responsibility upon itself in that affair. Several Ministerial Members, and among the rost M. Delessert, supported strongly that resolution, and you may be assured that no law will pass to that effect. It will also, perhaps, not be uninteresting to you to hear that the Marquis de Dalmatia, eldest son of Marshal Soult, is going as Ambassador to Constantinople, and takes with him M. Lawrence, late Vice Consul in Rotterdam, as Consul in Smyrna. This choice of the Marquis is meant to counteract the influence England may gain in Turkey by accepting the mediations proffered by the Sultan. The arrest of the Duchess of Berri was effected through the treachery and venality of one whom she had treated too well. We annex some particulars respecting this villain. APPOINTMENTS BY THE PRESIDENT, By and with the advice and consent of the Senate. David Turner, to be Collector of the Customs for the Port of Beaufort, in the State of South Carolina; vice William Joyner, removed. Jeremiah A. Yates, to be Appraiser of Goods for the Port of Charleston, in the State of South Carolina; vice William E. Hayne, removed. Charles L. West, to be Appraiser of Goods for the Port of Charleston, in the State of South Carolina; vice Legrand G. Capers, appointed during the recess of the Senate, who declines. Charles Stephens, to be Appraiser of Goods for the Port of Savannah, in the State of Georgia; vice Edward F. Tatnall, deceased. SOUTH CAROLINA.-The Legislature adjourned on the 21st ult., having passed Nullify certain acts of the Congress of the United States, purporting to be laws laying duties on the importation of foreign commodities, passed in Con. vention of the State, on the 24th November, 1832. The Replevin Act. An Act to carry into effect in part an Ordinance to An Act concerning the Oath prescribed by the Ordinance. the 6th, at the house of Mlle. Duguigny, at the ... the signal for her arrest." PRUSSIA. BERLIN, Nov. 6.-Her Majesty the -the issue of force is now to be avoided; for the laws are made, the Legislature had adjourned, and the 1st of February is at hand. A correspondent of the Charleston Courier thus explains the provisions of the "act concerning an oath, &c.," as finally settled by a committee of con. ference: BERLIN, Nov. 6.-(From a letter.)-The protest which Prussia had presented against the march of the French troops into Belgium, shows itself in the treatment which, ever since that plan has been in contemplation, General Merckx, the Belgian Minister, meets with. His cards are for the most part All civil and military officers now in commission, unanswered; the Court avoids him, and so he is for the most part left to himself. He has little commu. shall only be required to take the additional oath on nication with the diplomatic body, except that the the happening of a contingency, in which shall be inEnglish and French Ambassadors have frequent involved the authority of the ordinance, or the validity terviews with him, which must be the more import. of the acts of the Legislature by virtue thereof, or ant, as the question whether thero shall be peace or the validity of the acts of Congress of 1828 and '32, war in Europe will be decided at Berlin. purporting to be laws for the collection of imposts on foreign commodities. And in reference to officers who are hereafter to be elected, or who were elected during the present session, the bill requires them to take the additional oath previous to entering upon the duties of their office. Jurors are also included in the anticipation of a contingency. It gives the Governor a discretionary power in the matter, however, to order a compliance with the Ordinance, when, in his opinion, the public exigency shall require it. The Temps says:-" It appears that the person pointed out by the Quotidienne under the name of Hyacinthe Gonzagues, is certainly the man who betrayed the Duchess of Berri, in consideration, it is At a grand dinner lately given by the Belgian Am. said, of 300.000 francs, which was promised him as bassador only the Ministers of the two Courts who a reward. It also appears that this negotiation was are in alliance with the Sovereign were present, entered into by M. Montalivet, before he went out though there is no doubt that others were invited. of office. A circumstance, proving the confidence This evening it is reported that Prussia has conof the Duchess in this man, is, that he was accre-sented to occupy Venloo as a security against any dited to her in the quality of agent of Don Miguel. consequences of the march of the French into Bel. It is reported that the Duchess was to have been arrested as she entered Nantes, but this failed from [From the Messager des Chambres of Nov. 14.] some misunderstanding, and the coming on of a BANKS OF THE RHINE, Nov. 10.-The Prussian thick fog, which prevented the agents from being at troops now on the Rhine are the 7th and 8th Corps The United States troops, says the Courier of the the rendezvous in time. It is further asserted, that. d'Armée. These two corps are each composed of amongst the papers found, there are some very cu-two divisions, the 13th and 14th, and 15th and 16th. 25th December, which had been located in the Arseirous documents, with letters from princely person.The General of Infantry, the Baron Muffling, com.nal, at Charleston Neck, at the request of the State gium. LEGISLATURE OF NEW YORK. IN SENATE-January 1, 1833. At 10 o'clock, Lieut. Gov. Tracy announced to the Senate that the hour had arrived to which it stood adjourned. The Clerk then proceeded to call the roll, and a quorum answered to their names. The new members were then sworn in by the Resolutions requesting the Clergy of the city to attend, and for supplying the members with news. papers were passed. private bills, which were gone through with and re- Monday, December 31. ted States to seduce them from their allegiance, exhorting them to disregard his vain menaces. and to be prepared to sustain the dignity and protect the liberty of the State against the arbitrary measures proposed by the President." and City authorities, were removed yesterday, with ||The House then went into Committee upon several all the armament attached thereto, to Fort Moultrie. The resolutions of Mr. Preston, published in this paper on Monday last, were adopted before the ad. In the Senate, Mr. Webster appeared and took his journment. On motion of the same gentleman, a seat. The resolutions submitted to-day by Messrs. Now I, ROBERT Y. HAYNE, Governor of certified copy of Gov. Hayne's proclamation was or. Robinson and Hendricks, were agreed to. The re- South Carolina, in obedience to the said Resosolution offered by Mr. Sprague, directing the Com. dered to be transmitted to the President, with a re-mittee on the Post Office to prepare and introduce lution, do hereby issue this my Proclamation, quest that he would lay it before Congress. a bill reducing the rates of postage, was taken up solemnly warning the good people of this State Mr. Grundy proposed to amend the resolution, so as against the dangerous and pernicious doctrine to require the Committee to inquire into the expedi. promulgated in the said Proclamation of the ency of reporting such bill. A lengthy and discur. President, as calculated to mislead their judg sive debate ensued, in which Messrs. Grundy, ments as to the true character of the governSprague, Clayton, Holmes, Foot, Buckner, Bontonment under which they live, and the paramount and Bibb participated Before the discussion was obligation which they owe to the State, and concluded, the resolution and amendment were laid manifestly intended to seduce them from their on the table, with a view to going into Executive allegiance, and by drawing them to the support session, when after a short time spent therein, the of the violent and unlawful measures contemSenate adjourned over to Wednesday. plated by the President, to involve them in the The House of Representatives did not sit toguilt of REBELLION. I would earnestly admonday.-[Globe.] ish them to beware of the specious but false Wednesday, January 2. doctrine by which it is now attempted to be tending the franking privilege to the members of shewn that the several States have not retainCongress, in the recess, which was read twice and ed their entire sovereignty: that "the allegiance committed. Several private bills wore presented, of their citizens was transferred in the first inread, and committed to the Standing Committees. stance to the government of the United States": The resolution offered by Mr. Sprague, instructing that "a State cannot be said to be sovereign the Committee on the Post Office to report a bill and independent, whose citizens owe obedience reducing the rates of postage, and the amendment to laws not made by it": that "even under the proposed by Mr. Grundy, instructing said Commit-royal government we had no separate charactee to inquire into the expediency of such reduc ter": that the constitution has created "a nation, was taken up, the amendment was adopted-tional government," which is not a Yeas 20, Nays 18. Mr. Foot moved a farther between Sovereign States ": "that a State has compact amendment, directing the Committee to inquire into NO RIGHT TO SECEDE"-in a word, that ours is Lieut. Governor. Committees were appointed to wait upon the Go. vernor and Assembly, at 11 o'clock to-morrow, and inform them that the Senate is ready to proceed to business. Adjourned. ASSEMBLY. At 10 o'clock, the members were called to order by Mr. Seger, the Clerk of the last House. The Clerk then called over the list of members Messrs. Van Duzer and W. Baker, tellers. In the Senate, Mr. Holmes introduced a bill ex 66 CHARLES L. LIVINGSTON, of New York, had 99 the propriety of equalizing the rates of postage, a NATIONAL GOVERNMENT in which the people votes. JOHN C. SPENCER, of Ontario, 22 votes. Mr. Livingston was thereupon declared to be elect ed, and Messrs. Litchfield and Downing were appointed a committee to conduct him to the chair, when he delivered a brief address. The following officers were then appointed by re solution:- Francis Seger, clerk-on motion of Mr. Finch. Cornelius A. Waldron, sergeant at arms-on motion of Mr. Curtis. of Mr. Humeston. Alonzo Crosby, doorkeeper-on motion of Mr. Dodge. James Courter, assistant doorkeeper-on motion On motion of Mr. Myers, the Rules and Orders of last session were adopted. On motion of Mr. G. W. Patterson, the Speaker was requested to appoint the usual Standing Com. mittees. On motion of Mr. Ostrander, the usual resolu tion fornishing newspapers, the price for each member not to exceed two daily papers. which was agreed to. Mr. Holmes moved an addi- of all the States are represented, and by which we are constituted "ONE PEOPLE"-and "that our representatives in Congress are all representatives of the United States, and not of the particular States from which they come,' doctrines which uproot the very foundation of our political system--annihilate the rights of the State-and utterly destroy the liberties of the citizen. In the House of representatives the debate upon the resolution heretofore offered by Mr. E. Everett for inquiring into the expediency of reducing the rates of postage, was further continued by Messrs. E. Everett, Hoffman, aud Cambreleng, when at the It requires no reasoning to show what the expiration of the hour allotted to morning busi- bare statement of these propositions demonness, the House went into Committee of the Whole on the state of the Union, after the special strates, that such a Government as is here deorders of the day had been posponed till to-day-scribed has not a single feature of a confederaMr. Verplanck had in the first instance moved to ted republic. It is in truth an accurate delinepostpone the special orders till next week, in order ation, drawn with a bold hand, of a great conto take up the tariff bill, which was negatived, yeas solidated empire,-"one and indivisible," and 74, nays 83. They were then posponed till to day, under whatever specious form, its powers may and several appropriation bills were carried through be masked, it is in fact the worst of all despothe Committee, and the House adjourned.-[Globe.] tisms, in which the spirit of an arbitrary govYesterday (says the National Intelligencer of ernment is suffered to pervade institutions proWednesday) the first day of the new year neither fessing to be free. Such was not the government for which our fathers fought and bled, House of Congress sat. A large concourse of visi- and offered up their lives and fortunes as a wiltors, as usual, thronged the Mansion of the Presi-ling sacrifice. Such was not the government, dent of the United States, and tendered him the com- which the great and patriotic men who called Messrs. Litchfield and Downing were appointed pliments of the season with the respect due to his the union into being in the plenitude of their a Committee to wait on the Governor and inform station, and were, as on similar occasions, conrte. wisdoms framed. Such was not the governhim that the House had organized and would be rea-ously received and entertained. ment which the fathers of the republican faith, dy to receive a communication from him at eleven led on by the Apostle of American Liberty, proto-morrrow. [The reason given for varying from the usual course, was the general desire to partieipate in the festivities of the day.] On motion of Mr. Myers, to provide the Red Book. Mr. E. Livingston effered a resolution to request the clergy of the city to officiate as chaplains, which, on motion of Mr. Hertell, was laid on the table. Messrs. Spencer and Skinner were appointed to wait on the Senate and inform them that this House had organized. [It being stated that the Senate had adjourned, the committee did not perform their duty. IN CONGRESS, there was little of interest transact. ed either on the 27th or 28th ult., beyond the rejection in the House of Representatives of Mr. Adams's call for the Proclamation and the South Carolina Ordinance-owing probably to unwillingness now to debate the merits of those documents-and the Tariff bill as reported. The records of our history do, indeed, afford the prototype of these sentiments, which is to And WHEREAS, the Legislature of South Ca- be found in the recorded opinion of those, who, rolina, now in session, taking into considera- when the Constitution was framed, were in fation the matters contained in the said Procla-vor of a "firm National Government," in which mation of the President, have adopted a pream- the States should stand in the same relation to ble and resolution to the following effect, viz. the Union that the colonies did towards the "WHEREAS, the President of the U. States mother country. The Journals of the Convenhas issued his Proclamation, denouncing the tion and the secret history of the debates, will CONGRESS.--The Senate did not sit on Saturday. proceedings of this State, calling upon the citi-show that this party did propose to secure to In the House of Representatives, the debate upon zens thereof to renounce their primary allegi- the Federal Government an absolute supremathe resolution offered by Mr. E. Everett, for instructing the Commtitee on Post Offices and Post Roads ance, and threatening them with military coer-cy over the States, by giving them a negative to enquire into the expediency of reducing the rates cion, unwarranted by the constitution, and ut- upon their laws, but the same history also teachof postage, was continued by Messrs. Wilde, Hoff. terly inconsistent with the existence of a free es us that all these propositions were rejected, and man, J. Reed, and Craig, during the hour allotted to State: be it thereforea Federal Government was finally established, morning business, without the question being taken. “Resolved, That his Excellency the Govern- recognizing the sovereignty of the States, and Several other resolutions were introduced, on leave, or be requested, forthwith, to issue his Procla- leaving the constitutional compact on the footand adopted; among which was one offered by Mr.mation warning the good people of this State ing of all other compacts between "parties Jarvis, that the House adjourn over to Wednesday.against the attempt of the President of the Uni-having no common superior." It is the natural and necessary consequence was reserved to the President and his imme-all princes and states are bound before God and of the principles thus authoritatively announced diate predecessor. To the latter "belongs the man, to perform their solemn pledges. The ineby the President, as constituting the very basis invention, and upon the former will unfortunate-vitable conclusion from what has been said thereof our political system, that the Federal Go-ly fall the evils of reducing it to practice." fore is, that as in all cases of compact between vernment is unlimited and supreme; being the South Carolina holds the principles now pro- independent sovereigns, where, from the very exclusive judge of the extent of its own powers, mulgated by the President (as they must always nature of things, there can be no common judge the laws of Congress sanctioned by the Execu- be held by all who claim to be supporters of the or umpire, each sovereign has a right “to judge tive and the Judiciary, whether passed in direct rights of the states)" as contradicted by the let- as well of infractions as of the mode and measure violation of the Constitution and rights of the ter of the constitution-unauthorised by its spirit of redress," so in the present controversy between States, or not, are "the supreme law of the-inconsistent with every principle on which it South Carolina and the Federal Government, it land." Hence it is that the President obviously was founded-destructive of all the objects for belongs solely to her, by her delegates in solemn considers the words, "made in pursuance of which it was framed"-utterly incompatible with convention assembled, to decide whether the fethe Constitution," as mere surplusage; and the very existence of the States-and absolutely deral compact be violated, and what remedy the therefore when he professes to recite the provi- fatal to the rights and liberties of the people. state ought to pursue. South Carolina therefore sion of the Constitution on this subject, he South Carolina has so solemnly and repeatedly cannot, and will not, yield, to any department of states that our "SOCIAL COMPACT in express expressed to Congress and the World the prin- the Federal Government, a right which enters terms declares that the the laws of the United ciples which she believes to constitute the very into the essence of all sovereignty, and without States, its Constitution, and the Treaties made pillars of the Constitution, that it is deemed un-which it would become a bauble and a name." under it, are the supreme law of the land," and necessary to do more at this time, than barely to Such are the doctrines which South Carolina speaks throughout of "the explicit supremacy present a summary of those great fundamental has, through her convention, solemnly promulgiven to the laws of the Union over those of the truths, which she believes can never be subverted gated to the world, and by them she will stand States"-as if a law of Congress was of itself without the inevitable destruction of the liberties or fall. Such were the principles prmoulgated by supreme, while it was necessary to the validity of the people and of the union itself. South Car- Virginia in '98, and which then received the of a treaty that it should be made in pursuance olina has never claimed (as is asserted by the Pre-sanction of those great men, whose recorded senof the Constitution. Such, however, is not the|sident) the right of "repealing at pleasure, all the timents have come down to us as a light to our provision of the Constitution. That instrument REVENUE LAWS of the Union," much less the right feet, and a lamp to our path. It is Virginia, and expressly provides that "the Constitution, and of "repealing the Constitution itself, and laws not South Carolina, who speaks, when it is said laws of the United States which shall be made passed to give it effect which have NEVER BEEN that she "views the powers of the Federal Goin pursuance thereof, shall be the supreme law ALLEGED TO BE UNCONSTITUTIONAL." She claims vernment as resulting from the compact, to which of the land, any thing in the Constitution or only the right to judge of infractions of the Con- the states are parties, as limited by the plain laws of any State to the contrary notwithstand-stitutional compact, in violation of the reserved sense and intention of the instrument constituting ing." rights of the State, and of arresting the progress that compact-as no further valid than they are Here it will be seen that a law of Congress, of usurpation within her own limits, and when, authorized by the grants enumerated in that as such, can have no validity, unless made "in as in the Tariffs of 1828, and 1832, revenue and compact; and that in case of a deliberate, palpapursuance of the Constitution." An unconsti- protection-constitutional and unconstitutional ble, and dangerous exercise of other powers, not tutional act is therefore null and void, and the objects, have been so mixed up together, that it granted by the said compact, the states who are only point that can arise in this case is, wheth- is found impossible to draw the line of discrimi- parties thereto have the right, and are in duty er, to the Federal Government, or any depart-nation, she has no alternative, but to consider bound, to interpose, for arresting the progress of ment thereof, has been exclusively reserved the the whole as a system, unconstitutional in its cha- the evil, and for maintaining within their respecright to decide authoritatively for the States racter, and to leave it to those who have "woven tive limits the authorities, rights, and liberties, this question of Constitutionality. If this be the web, to unravel the threads." South Caroli- appertaining to them.' so, to which of the departments, it may be ask-na insists, and she appeals to the whole political ed, is this right of final judgment given? If it istory of our country, in support of her position in the explicit language of Thomas Jefferson, It is Kentucky who declared in '99, speaking be to Congress, then is Congress not only ele- that the Constitution of the United States is a that "the principles and construction contended vated above the other departments of the Fede-compact between sovereign States, that it cre- for by members of the State Legislatures [the ral Government, but it is put above the Consti- ates a confederated republic, not having a single very same now maintained by the President] that tution itself. This, however, the President him- feature of nationality in its foundation-that the the general government is the exclusive judge of self has publicly and solemnly denied, claiming people of the several States as distinct political the extent of the powers delegated to it, stop noand exercising, as is known to all the world communities ratified the Constitution, each State thing short of despotism-since the discretion of the right to refuse to execute acts of Congress acting for itself, and binding its own citizens, and those who administer the government, and not and solemn treaties, even after they had re-not those of any other State, the act of ratifica- the constitution, would be the measure of their ceived the sanction of every department of the tion declaring it to be binding on the States so ratFederal Government. ifying the States are its authors, their power instrument being sovereign and independent, powers. That the several states who formed the That the Executive possesses the right of de- created it-their voice clothed it with authority-have the unquestionable right to judge of the inciding finally and exclusively as to the validity the government which formed it is compesed of fraction; and, THAT A NULLIFICATION of acts of Congress, will hardly be pretended their agents, and the Union of which it is the bond BY THOSE SOVEREIGNTIES OF ALL and that it belongs to the Judiciary, except so is a Union of states and not individuals--that as re- UNAUTHORIZED ACTS DONE UNDER far as may be necessary to the decision of ques-gards the foundation and extent of its power, the COLOUR OF THAT INSTUMENT, IS tions which may incidentally come before them, government of the U. S. is strictly what its name THE RIGHTFUL REMEDY." in "cases of law and equity," has been denied implies-a Federal Government-that the states by none more strongly than the President him-are as sovereign now as they were prior to the h It is the great apostle of American liberty him self, who on a memorable occasion refused to entering into the compact--that the Federal self who has consecrated these principles, and acknowledge the binding authority oi the Fed- Constitution is a confederation in the nature of a left them as a legacy to the American people, reeral Court, and claimed for himself and has ex-treaty-or an alliance by which so many sove-corded by his own hand. It is by him that we ercised the right of enforcing the laws, not ac-reign states agreed to exercise their sovereign are instructed-*that to the Constitutional comcording to their judgment, but "his own un-powers CONJOINTLY, upon certain objects of ex-pact, "each state acceded as a state, and is an derstanding of them." And yet when it serves ternal concern in which they are equally interest-integral party, its co-states forming as to itself the purpose of bringing odium upon South Car-ed, such as WAR, PEACE, AND COMMERCE, foreign the other party;" that "they alone being parties olina, "his native State," the President has no negotiation, and Indian trade; and upon all to the compact, are solely authorized to JUDGE hesitation in regarding the attempt of a State other subjects of civil government, they were to IN THE LAST RESORT of the powers exercised unto release herself from the control of the Fede-exercise their sovereignty SEPARATELY. der it, Congress being not a party but a mere ral Judiciary, in a matter affecting her sovereign For the convenient conjoint exercise of the Sove-creature of the compact;" that "it becomes a rights, as a violation of the Constitution. reignty of the States, there must of necessity be some sovereign state to submit to undelegated, and It is unnecessary to enter into an elaborate common agency or functionary. This agency is the consequently unlimited power, in no man or boexamination of the subject. It surely cannot States, and executes their joint will, as expressed in assumed which have not been delegated [the Federal Government. It represents the confederated dy of men, upon earth; that where powers are admit of a doubt, that, by the Declaration of In- the compact. The powers of this government are very case now before us] a nullification of the act dependence, the several Colonies became "free,||wholly derivative. It possesses no more inherent is the rightful remedy; that every state has a sovereign, and independent States," and our sovereignty than an incorporated town, or any other political history will abundantly show that at great corporate body—it is a political corporation, and natural right, in cases not within the compact every subsequent change in their condition up Tike all other corporations, it looks for its powers to [Casus non fæderis] to nullify of their own authoto the formation of our present Constitution, the an exterior source. That source is the States. rity all assumption of power by others within States preserved their sovereignty. The discoSouth Carolina claims that, by the Declaration of their limits; and that without this right they very of this new feature in our system, that the Independence, she became, and has ever since contin- would be under the dominion absolute and unliued, a free, sovereign, and independent State. States exist only as members of the Unionmited, of whomsoever might exercise the right of that before the Declaration of Independence, we rent power to do all those acts, which by the being passed by Congress That as a Sovereign State she has the inhe-judgment for them;" and that in case of acts were known only as "United Colonies"-and law of nations any prince or potentate may of the Constitution as to amount to an uudisguised so palpably against that, even under the articles of confederation, right do. That like all independent states, she the States were considered as forming "collec- neither has, nor ought she to suffer, any other tively ONE NATION"-without any right of refu- restraint upon her sovereign will or pleasure, in the hand writing of Mr. Jefferson, lately published *See original draught of the Kentucky Resolutions sing to submit to "any decision of Congress" than those high moral obligations under which" by his grandson, 66 k ries." a herself as a sovereign State, she has pronounced the Protecting System, in all its branches to be gross, deliberate, and palpable violation of the Constitutional compact;" and having exhausted every other means of redress, she has in the exercise of her sovereign rights as one of the parties to that compact, and in the performance of a high and sacred duty, interposed for arresting the evil of usurpation, within her own limits-by declaring these acts to be "null, void, and no law, and taking measures of her own, that they shall not be enforced within her limits." South Carolina has not "assumed" what could be considered as at all doubtful, when she asserts "that the acts in question, were in reality intended for the protection of manufactures;" that their "operation is unequal;" that "the amount received by them, is greater than is required by the wants of the government"-and finally, "that the proceeds are to be applied to objects unauthorized by the constitution." These facts are notorious-these objects openly avowed. The President, without instituting any inquisition into motives, has himself discovered, and publicly de declaration, that the compact is not meant to bel pact, must possess the power, in cases of "gross deli-a resolution had actually been passed through both the measure of the powers of the General Gov-berate and palpable violation of the Constitution, to branches of our Legislature, demanding a call of ernment, but that it will proceed to exercise over judge each for itself, as well of the infraction as the that vory Convention, to which he declares that she the states all powers whatsoever, it would be the mode and measure of redress," or ours is a CONSOLI- had no desire that an appeal should be made. It does not become the dignity of a Sovereign "without limitation of powers," DATED GOVERNMENT -a submission to which Mr. Jefferson has solemnly State, to notice in the spirit which might be een. duty of the states to declare the acts vord and of no force, and that' EACH should take measures of pronounced to be a greater evil than disunion itself. sidered as belonging to the occasion, the unwarits own' for providing that neither such acts, nor If, to borrow the language of Madison's report, "the rantable imputations in which the President has any other of the General Government not plainly deliberate exercise of dangerous powers palpably thought proper to indulge, in relation to South Caand intentionally authorized by the Constitution, withheld by the Constitution, could not justify the rolina, the proceedings of her citizens, and consti. shall be exercised within their respective territo- parties to it, in interposing even so far as to arrest tuted authorities. He has noticed, only to give it the progress of the evil, and thereby to PRESERVE the countenance, that miserable slander which imputes It is on these great and essential truths, that CONSTITUTION ITSELF, as well as to provide for the the noble stand that our People have taken in deSouth Carolina has now acted. Judging for safety of the parties, there would be an end to all re- fence of their Rights and Liberties, to a faction in. lief from usurped power, and a direct subversion of the rights specified or recognised under all the State stigated by the efforts of a few ambitious leaders Constitutions, as well as a plain denial of the funda- who have got up an excitement for their own perters of those who have been subjected to these unmental principle on which our independence itself sonal aggrandizement! The motives and characwas declared." The only plausible objection that can be urged founded imputations are beyond the reach of the against this right, so indispensable to the safety of the President of the United States. The sacrifices they States, is, that it may be abused. But this danger is have made, and difficulties and trials through which believed to be altogether imaginary. So long as our they may have yet to pass, will leave no doubt as Union is felt as a blessing-and this will be just so to the disinterested motives and noble impulses of long as the Federal Government shall confine its ope- patriotism and honor by which they are actuated. ration within the acknowledged limits of the Charter Could they have been induced to separate their there will be no temptation for any State to interfere own personal interests from those of the People of There South Carolina, and have consented to abandon with the harmonious operation of the system. will exist the strongest motives to induce forbearance,t eir duty to the State, no one knows better than and none to prompt to aggression on either side, so the President himself, that they might have been soon as it shall come to be universally felt and acknow- honored with the highest manifestations of public edged that the States lo not stand to the Union in re-regard, and, perhaps, instead of being the objects lation of degraded and dependant colonies, but that of vituperation, might even now have been basking our bond of union is formed by mutual sympathies in the sunshine of Executive favor. This topic is and common interests. The true answer to this ob- alluded to, merely for the purpose of guarding the jection has been given by Mr. Madison, when he People of our sister States against the fatal deluhe says-"It does not follow, however, that because the sion that South Carolina has assumed her present position under the influence of a temporary excite. States, as sovereign parties to the constitutional comof the slow but steady progress of public opinion pact, must ultimately decide whether it has been vio-ment; and to warn them that it has been the result lated, that such a decision ought to be interposed, either in a hasty manner, or on doubtful and inferior for the last ten years: that it is the act of the PeoEven in the case of ordinary conventions ple themselves, taken in conformity with the spirit between different nations, it is always laid down that of resolutions repeatedly adopted in their primary the breach must be both wilful and material to justify assemblies, and the solemn determination of the Le. It is a vain and and idle dispute about words to ask an application of the rule. But in the case of an in- gislature, publicly announced more than two years whether this right of State Interposition may be most timate and constitutional union, like that of the Uni-ago. Let them not so far doceive themselves on properly styled a Constitutional, a sovereign, or a re-ted States, it is evident that the interposition of the this subject, as to persevere in a course which must served right. In calling this right constitutional, it parties, in their sovereign capacity, can be called for in the end inevitably produce a dissolution of the could never have been intended to claim it as a right by occasions only, deeply and essentially affecting Union, under the vain expectation that the great body of the People of South Carolina, listening to granted by or derived from the Constitution, but it is the vital principles of their political system." Experience demonstrates that the danger is not that the councils of the President, will acknowledge claimed as consistent with its genius, its letter and its spirit; it being not only distinctly understood, at the a state will resort to her sovereign rights too frequent- their error or retrace their steps; and still less that time of ratifying the Constitution, but expressly pro-ly, or on light and trivial occasions, but that she may they will be driven from the vindication of their vided for, in the instrument itself, that all sovereign shrink from asserting them as often as may be ne- rights, by the intimation of the danger of domestic discord, and threats of lawless violence! The brave rights, not agreed to be exercised conjointly, should cessary. It is maintained by South Carolina that according men who have thrown themselves into the breach, be exercised separately by the States. Virginia declared, in reference to the right asserted in the Reso-to the true spirit of the Constitution it becomes Con- in defence of the Rights and Liberties of their lutions of '98, above quoted, even after having fully gress in all emergencies like the present, either to re- Country, are not to be driven from their holy purpose by sucli means. Even unmerited obloquy, and and accurately re-examined and re-considered those move the error by legislation, or to solicit of the states Resolutions, that she found it to be her indispensadeath itself, have no terrors for him who feels and ble duty to adhere to the same, as founded in truth, as knows that he is engaged in the performance of a sacred duty. The People of South Carolina are consonant with the Constitution, and as conducive to its welfare." and Mr. Madison himself asserted them well aware, that, however passion and prejudice to be perfectly "constitutional and conclusive." may obtain for a season the mastery of the public mind, reason and justice must sooner or later reassert their empire; and that whatever may be the event of this contest, posterity will do justice to their motives, and to the spotless purity, and devoted patriotism, with which they have entered into an arduous and most unequal conflict, and the un. faltering courage with which, by the blessing of Heaven, they will maintain it. nounced them; and his officer of finance is even now, devising measures intended as we are told, to correct these acknowledged abuses. occasions the call of a Convention; and that on a failure to obtain by the consent of three-fourths of all the States an amendment giving the disputed power, it must be regarded as never having been intended to be given. These principles have been distinctly recognised by It is wholly immaterial, however, by what name the President himself in his message to Congress at this right may be called; for if the Constiiution be "a the commencement of the present session, and they compact to which the States are parties," if "acts of seem only to be impractical absurdities when asserted the Federal Government are no further valid than by South Carolina, or made applicable to her existing they are authorized by the grants enumerated in that controversy with the Federal Government. But it seems that South Carolina receives from compact," then we have the authority of Mr. Madison himself for the inevitable conclusion that it is "a the President no credit for her sincerity, when it is plain principle, illustrated by common practice, and declared through her Chief Magistrate, that "sho sin essential to the nature of compacts, that when resort cerely and anxiously seeks and desires" the submis. The whole argument, so far as it is designed at can be had to no tribunal superior to the authority of sion of her grievances to a Convention of all the the parties, the parties themselves must be the right- States. The only alternative (says the President) this time to enter into it, is now disposed of; and it ful judge in the last resort, whether the bargain made which she presents, is the repeal of all the acts for is necessary to advert to some passages in the Prohas been pursued or violated." The Constitution, raising revenue; leaving the Government without clamation which cannot be passed over in silence. continues Mr. Madison, "was formed by the sanction the means of support, or an acquiescence in the The President distinctly intimates that it is his de. of the States, given by each in its sovereign capacity dissolution of our Union." South Carolina has pre- termination to exert the right of putting down the the States then being parties to the Constitutional sented no such alternatives. If the President had opposition of South Carolina to the Tariff, by force compact, and in their sovereign capacity, it follows of necessity that there can be no tribunal above their read the documents which the Convention caused to of Arms. He believes himself invested with power authority, to decide, in the last resort, whether the be forwarded to him for the express purpose of mak. to do this under the provision of the Constitution Now if by this it was only compact made by them be violated: and, consequent- ing known her wishes and her views, he would have which directs him "to take care that the laws be ly, that, as the parties to it, they must themselves de- found, that South Carolina asks no more than that faithfully executed " cide, in the last resort, such questions as may be of the Tariff should be reduced to the revenue stand. meant to be asserted that under the laws of Conard; and has distinctly expressed her willingness, gress now of force, the President would feel himself sufficient magnitude to require their interposition." If this right does not exist in the several States, that "an amount of duties substantially uniform, bound to aid the civil tribunals in the manner there. then it is clear that the discretion of Congress, and should be levied upon protected, as well as unpro. in prescribed, supposing such laws to be constitu. not the Constitution, would be the measure of their tected articles; sufficient to raise the revenue neces. tional, no just exception could be taken to this as powers, and this, says Mr. Jefferson, would amount sary to meet the demands of the government, for sertion of Executive duty. But if, as is manifestly to the "seizing the rights of the States and consoli- constitutional purposes." He would have found in intended, the President sets up the claim to judge dating them in the hands of the General Government, the Exposition put forth by the Convention itself a for himself in what manner the laws are to be enwith a power assumed to bind the States not only in a distinct appeal to our sister States, for the call of forced, and feels himself at liberty to call forth the cases made federal, but in all cases whatsoever; a Convention; and the expression of an entire wil-militia, and even the military and naval forces of the which would be to surrender the form of government lingness on the part of South Carolina, to submit the Union, against the State of South Carolina, her Even at the very mo- constituted authorities and citizens, then it is clear we have chosen, to live under one deriving its power controversy to that tribunal. ment when he was indulging these unjust and inju. that he assumes a power not only not conferred on from its own will." We hold it to be impossible to resist the argument rious imputations upon the People of South Caroli. the Executive by the Constitution, but which bethat the several States as sovereign parties to the com-na, and their late highly respected Chief Magistrate,"longs to no despot upon earth exercising a less un |