HOURS OF STUDY PER WEEK IN MIDDLE TECHNICAL SCHOOLS. HOURS OF STUDY PER WEEK IN LOWER TECHNICAL SCHOOLS. THE FUNDAMENTAL REGULATIONS FOR INDUSTRIAL(a) SCHOOLS, IMPERIALLY CONFIRMED MARCH 7, 1888. The object of these regulations was to afford a definite basis for district and graded institutions for technical education. So far, however, no schools have been established under them. The regulations are as follows: (1) The industrial schools for the male population of the empire are established for the purpose of propagating in the population middle and lower technical and trade education. (2) The middle technical schools teach all that is required for mechanics as nearest assistants to engineers, and the other chief supervisors of industry. (3) The lower technical schools, in teaching some special branch, give the knowledge required by the immediate and direct supervisors of the labor of workmen in industrial works. (4) The trade schools teach the practice of different trades, and give the knowledge necessary for an intelligent system of executing work. (5) Each of the above forms of industrial schools can exist separately, or together with other similar schools of different grades and specialties. If, in the general superintendency, the middle technical schools are joined with the lower, or with the trade schools, then such a conjunction of schools bears the name of a general industrial school. To the industrial schools, as far as possible, are joined supplementary schools for teaching workmen during their unoccupied hours. (6) The industrial schools may be joined with preparatory schools of a general education. In educational institutions of this kind the teaching of general educational subjects may be done in classes desig nated to take special studies. On the contrary the teaching of some of the mixed subjects and practical work may be begun before finishing the general educational course in the school, on condition, however, that in the middle technical schools the teaching of mixed subjects and of practical work do not begin until the scholars have ended their general education according to the third class of real (non-classic) gymnasia. a Promeeshleni (French, industriel; German, gewerb). Included under this term are the middle technical, lower technical, and trade schools. The higher technical subjects would be taught in the universities. [An industrial school joined with a school of general education can not be joined with industrial schools of other categories.] (7) The industrial schools are supported either at the expense of the government, or of communes, or of societies, or of private people. The schools supported by the government treasury or requiring material assistance from it, undergo all the rules promulgated for them by the government, and their teachers and scholars enjoy all the rights mentioned in the regulations. The government can also grant such rights to other schools supported by communes, private people, etc. (8) The offerings received by these schools, the payment for tuition, and income through the sale of articles made in the school shops are considered to be the sole property of the school. The payments for studies are generally to be employed as supplementary to the sums given to the schools by the government for the salaries of teachers of the corresponding sections, for the purchase of books, and at last for assisting persons in destitute circumstances who have served or who serve in such schools, as well as poor scholars. The profit from the sale of articles is to be chiefly utilized for the needs of the shops. (9) In industrial schools a predominant significance is given to the teaching of subjects directly relating to the specialty of the school, and also to graphical studies and to practical exercises in the ways of working. The teaching of general educational studies is chiefly limited to a repetition (review) of the programme passed in the preparatory general educational school, with the addition of such subjects only as are needed for the practical life to which the scholars are preparing themselves. (10) The extent of the course of studies in industrial schools, the determination of the studies entering the programme, and also the time which must be employed for graphical studies and for practical exercises in working are defined by statutes and regulations published for such schools conformably to their specialty and to the local conditions and requirements. On the same basis is also established the extent of studies in industrial schools, it being observed that the programme of middle technical schools and that of trade schools lasts not longer than four years, and the programme of lower technical schools not longer than three years. In an industrial school joined with a general educational one, the general term of the course must not exceed the normal term of studies of both schools. According to this the trade schools completing the general education of primary schools, up to the degree of a two-class village school, can not have a course of studies exceeding five years. (11) Industrial schools supported by the government are established by order of the minister of public instruction and those supported by other sources are established-the technical, by permission of said minister; and the trade schools, by permission of the curator of the educational district. Technical schools are controlled by the said curators, and the trade ones by the director of public (peasant) schools. (12) The industrial schools are allowed to accept scholars of all conditions and religions. [In the schools supported by private people limitations can be allowed in this respect through the permission of the minister of public instruction.] (13) To enter trade schools one must present a certificate of his ending the course of studies of primary schools; for entering the lower technical school, the course of studies of town or district schools; and for entering middle technical schools, a certificate of his ending the |