pany of forty-seven individuals landed at the site of the present town of Marietta, and there commenced the settlement of Ohio.

We have seen that the western posts were still retained by the British government. This gave rise to several questions of no little interest, which excited unfriendly feelings between the two nations, and which largely governed their policy. Debts due by Americans to British subjects, the payment of which had been guaranteed by the treaty, were not paid; and, on the other hand, the slaves belonging to Americans, and who had been taken away by British officers, were not restored. In consequence of these, and other unsettled matters, when Baron Steuben was sent by General Washington to Sir Frederic Haldimand, at Quebec, to arrange for the occupation of these posts, with instructions to proceed to Michigan, and along the line of the lake frontier, for the purpose of taking possession of them, he was informed that they would not be given up, and was refused passports to Niagara and Detroit.

In addition to the retention of the western posts by the English, a new confederacy among the savages was organizing. In December, 1786, a grand council of the different tribes was held near the mouth of the Detroit river. At this council were delegates from all the nations inhabiting the Northwest. The principal subject of discussion appears to have been the question of bound

New York, and on the first day of April in that year arrived in East Saginaw, to manage their interests in that section. Although where East Saginaw now stands was then a wilderness, he had the foresight to see that the time was not far distant when the great lumber resources of that region would build up a large and influential city. With this idea in view, he at once went to work with the intention of permanently locating there. Being an energetic, christian young man, and faithful to the trusts consigned to his care, he soon built up an enviable reputation for integrity and good business qualities. Outsiders availed themselves of his knowledge and good judgment, and he rapidly became a prominent purchaser and shipper of lumber. He is also largely interested in real estate, and is intimately connected with the growth of his adopted city. Being of a retiring disposition, he has many times refused offices of public trust, which his fellow-citizens wished to bestow upon him. However, he is very active in all educational affairs, and has served

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ary. It was contended by the Indians that the United States had no right to cross the Ohio. This pending outbreak among the savages was undoubtedly the work of the English, who were again seeking their aid to harass the Americans.

England set forth as a plea for retaining the western posts, that the extensive and valuable country in which they were situated had been ceded away through some oversight on the part of the commissioners, or from their ignorance of the geography of the country; and now, aided by the savages, they hoped to retain. their possessions in the West. It was at this juncture that Alexander McKenzie, an agent of the British government, visited Detroit, painted like an Indian, and stated that he had just returned from the remote tribes of the upper lakes, who were all in arms, and prepared to oppose the claims of the Americans to the western lands; that large bodies of warriors had already assembled, and that they were about to attack the infant settlement of Ohio. These stories, gotten up by McKenzie, succeeded as he had desired. In 1794, an agent was sent from the Spanish settlements, on the banks of the Mississippi, for the same object, and to hasten the organization of the Indian confederacy against the United States. Excited by his speeches, bands of savage warriors, armed with the tomahawk and scalping-knife, were seen hastening toward the lake posts, and the great Indian confederacy was formed against the Americans, equaling that constituted

several years as a member of the board of education of his city. As chairman of the building committee of that body, he has been very efficient, as the many beautiful school-houses in East Saginaw, erected under his supervision, bear witness. He is now president of the board. He was married to Miss Caroline H. Smith, daughter of Hon. Jeremiah Smith, of Grand Blanc, Michigan, on the 11th of January, 1859.

In religious matters, Mr. Jones is liberal and generous, and takes a prominent part in the advancement of all good works. From his industry he has secured a competency, which is freely used in comforting the sick and supplying the wants of the poor. He is a true friend to industrious young men, and many have secured positions through his influence. He is truly one of that class of men that are an aid to the community in which they dwell, and is recognized as one of the public spirited pioneers and solid men of the Saginaw valley.

a quarter of a century previous, under the great Pontiac, against the English themselves.

The border incursions commenced immediately, and again the work of desolation reigned among the infant settlements on the Ohio. These outbreaks, which were believed to be the work of the British, induced the American government, in 1790, to send General Harmer, an able officer, with an army to quell them. He advanced against the hostile tribes with a force amounting to fourteen hundred men; but, imprudently dividing his army, he was taken by surprise and defeated by a body of Indians, led by Little Turtle. Harmer having failed, General St. Clair advanced into the Indian country, in 1792, with two thousand men. This army was defeated by a large body of Indians who lay in ambush, and compelled to retreat. Efforts were now put forth to increase the army; and, in 1793, General Anthony Wayne succeeded St. Clair in the command of the western army. Advancing through the forest to the spot which had been rendered memorable by the defeat of St. Clair, he there constructed a fort, and called it Fort Recovery.

Advancing further into the wilderness, he found many Indian villages deserted. At the Rapids of the Maumee he erected Fort Deposit, where he stored his supplies. They were now within a few miles of a British post, which had been garrisoned by soldiers sent from Detroit, for the purpose of aiding the Indians. General Wayne had been instructed to use his English opponents according to the usages of war; and, with a bold determination, he pushed forward to the enemy's fort. The Indian force, their whole strength being collected at this point, was, in numbers, about the same as that of the Americans. were stationed in a dense forest, and protected by the river and a breastwork of fallen trees, and they were disposed in three lines, within supporting distance of each other. The battle soon followed; and, through stratagem, Wayne was successful, and completely routed the savages. He destroyed the Indian villages and corn fields on the banks of the Maumee, and proceeded towards Fort Defiance. Before he left the battle ground, however, he paraded his force in front of the British post, that

The Indians

bank of the

they might see its strength; while he advanced towards the glacis, to examine the character of the position, and to ascertain, as far as was possible, what were the intentions of the garrison. The American officers, as they drew near, could discover the British soldiers, with matches lighted and standing by their guns, ready for any emergency that might arise. General Wayne finally concluded a treaty with the Indians, at Greenville, which effectually broke up the whole confederacy.

In 1795, a project was started, which, had it been successful, would have injured the interests of the West. Robert Randall and Charles Whitney, of Vermont, in connection with several merchants of Detroit, entered into a compact, for the purpose of appropriating to themselves a vast territory, comprising nearly twenty millions of acres, situated between Lakes Erie and Michigan. The land was to be divided into a number of shares, and distributed among the purchasers and the members of Congress who should exert their influence in procuring the passage of the necessary law. But, as soon as the corrupt character of the plot had been discovered, the two principal projectors were brought before the bar of the House of Representatives. On hearing the evidence, Randall was discharged, but Whitney was fined the amount of the costs, and received a severe reprimand.

Wayne's victory having broken the Indian power, and the treaty of Greenville binding them from further aggressions, the Island of Mackinaw and the fort of Detroit were surrendered by the English, but the retiring garrisons, to show their spite, locked the gates of the fort, broke all the windows in the barracks, and filled the wells with stones, so as to annoy the new occupants as much as was in their power.

It was in the beginning of June, 1796, that Captain Porter, with a detachment of American troops, entered the fort, which had been previously evacuated by the British. The American flag was displayed, and the dominion of the country peaceably transferred.

CHAPTER XXIII.

WILLIAM HULL APPOINTED GOVERNOR OF THE TERRITORY OF MICHIGAN-TECUMSEH'S WARRIORS ASSEMBLING-AN ARMY RAISED IN Omо-IT MARCHES TO DETROIT UNDER GENERAL HULL-WAR DECLARED BETWEEN ENGLAND AND THE UNITED STATES-HULL ADVANCES INTO CANADA.

IT WAS a considerable time before the Territory of Michigan, now in the possession of the United States, was improved or altered by the increase of settlements. The Canadian French continued to form the principal part of its population. The interior of the country was but little known, except by the Indians and the fur traders. The Indian title not being fully extinguished, no lands were brought into market, and consequently the settlements increased but slowly. The State of Michigan at this time constituted simply the county of Wayne in the Northwest territory. It sent one representative to the legislature of that territory, which was held at Chilicothe. A court of common pleas was organized for the county, and the general court of the whole territory sometimes met at Detroit. No roads had as yet been constructed through the interior, nor were there any settlements, except on the frontiers. The habits of the people were essentially military, and but little attention was paid to agriculture, except by the French peasantry. A representation was sent to the general assembly of the Northwest territory at Chilicothe until 1800, when Indiana was erected into a separate territory. Two years later Michigan was annexed to and continued to be a part of the Territory of Indiana until 1805, when, in the month of January of that year, it was erected into a separate territory, and William Hull appointed its first governor.

We will not interrupt the narrative here to notice the acts of Governor Hull's administration in detail, as this information will