done, re-passed Lake George, and retired behind the walls of Ticonderoga.

In the year 1758, the war began to assume a different aspect, for Pitt was at the head of the government. Sir Jeffrey Amherst

HON. CHARLES M. GARRISON.

CHARLES M. GARRISON, a leading citizen of Detroit, Michigan, was born near Mt. Vernon, Ohio, on the 17th of March, 1837. His father, John J. Garrison, commenced business in Detroit in 1829 as a wholesale grocer. After being burned out and losing his entire stock on two different occasions, he established himself a third time, and, in the midst of unbounded success, he retired in 1863, being succeeded by his son, the subject of this sketch.

Charles M. Garrison spent his youthful days, as he has his entire life,

laid siege to the strong fortress of Louisburg, and at length reduced it; while in the South, General Forbes marched against Fort du Quesne, and, more fortunate than his predecessor, Braddock, drove the French from that important point. Another successful stroke was the destruction of Fort Frontenac, which was taken by a provincial army, under Colonel Bradstreet. These achievements were counterbalanced by a great disaster. Lord Abercrombie, with an army of sixteen thousand men, advanced to the head of Lake George, the place made memorable by Dieskau's defeat and the loss of Fort William Henry. On a brilliant July morning, he embarked his whole force for an attack on Ticonderoga. Many of those present have recorded with admiration the beauty of the spectacle the lines of boats, filled with troops, stretching far down the lake, the flashing of oars, the glittering of weapons, and the music ringing back from crags and rocks, or dying, in mellowed strains, among the distant mountains. At night, the army landed, and, driving in the French outposts, marched through the woods towards Ticonderoga. One of their columns, losing its way in the forest, fell in with a body of the retreating French; and, in the conflict that ensued, Lord Howe, the favorite of the army, was shot dead. On the eighth of July, they prepared to storm the lines which Montcalm had drawn across the peninsula, in front of the fortress. Advancing to the attack, they saw before them a breastwork of uncommon height and thickness. The French were drawn up behind it, their heads alone visible, as they leveled their muskets against the assailants; while, for a

in the city of Detroit, receiving a thorough education in her common schools.

At the age of sixteen he entered his father's store, and has been constantly engaged in the wholesale grocery trade ever since, building up one of the most extensive and important establishments in Michigan.

Mr. Garrison has filled a number of positions of importance and trust, and has ever been known to perform his duties faithfully and well. In 1871 he was elected president of the Board of Trade without opposition, and his performance of the duties of that responsible position was such as to secure his unanimous reëlection to the same office in 1872.

When the disastrous fires of the fall of 1871 swept over the northern and western portions of our State, laying whole towns in ashes, and

hundred yards in front of the work, the ground was covered with felled trees, with sharpened branches, pointing outwards. The signal of assault was given. In vain, the Highlanders, screaming with rage, hewed with their broadswords among the branches, struggling to get at the enemy. In vain the English, with their deep-toned shout, rushed on in heavy columns. A tempest of musket balls met them, and Montcalm's cannon swept the whole ground with terrible carnage. A few officers and men forced their way through the branches, passed the ditch, climbed the breastwork, and, leaping among the enemy, were instantly bayonetted. The English fought four hours with determined valor, but the position of the French was impregnable; and at length, having lost two thousand of their number, the army drew off, leaving many of their dead scattered upon the field. A sudden panic seized the defeated troops. They rushed in haste to their boats, and, though no pursuit was attempted, they did not regain their composure until Lake George was between them and the enemy. The fatal lines of Ticonderoga were not soon forgotten in the provinces; and marbles in Westminster Abbey preserve the memory of those who fell on that disastrous day.

This repulse, far from depressing the energies of the British commanders, seemed to stimulate them to new exertion; and the campaign of the next year, 1759, had for its object the immediate and total reduction of Canada. This unhappy country was full of misery and disorder. Peculation and every kind of corruption prevailed among its civil and military chiefs, a reckless licentious

doing incalculable damage to our pine forests and farming interests, and rendering hundreds of families houseless and destitute, Mr. Garrison did his utmost to render assistance, and contributed largely to that end. He was appointed chairman of the State relief committee, by Governor Baldwin, and in this position he did a work that prevented a large amount of suffering, and brought happiness to many an unfortunate family throughout the desolate region traversed by the fires.

In the autumn of 1872 he was chosen to represent the fourth ward of Detroit in her Common Council, and in the proceedings of that body he exerts considerable influence, and is ever found on the side of economy and honesty.

ness was increasing among the people, and a general famine seemed impending; for the population had of late years been drawn away for military service, and the fields were left untilled. In spite of their sufferings, the Canadians, strong in rooted antipathy to the English, and highly excited by their priests, resolved on fighting to the last. Prayers were offered up in the churches, masses said, and penance enjoined, to avert the wrath of God from the colony, while everything was done for its defense which the energies of a great and patriotic leader could effect.

The details of the fall of Quebec, and the death of Montcalm and Wolfe, having been given in another chapter, we will now follow the English army to Western Canada, Detroit, and other western outposts.

CHAPTER X.

THE ENGLISH TAKE POSSESSION OF THE WESTERN OUTPOSTS OF CANADA -MARCH OF MAJOR ROGERS AND THE PROVINCIAL RANGERSAPPEARANCE OF PONTIAC SURRENDER OF DETROIT AND MICHILIMACKINAC TO THE ENGLISH-END OF FRENCH RULE IN MICHIGAN. CANADA had fallen! Montcalm, her bold defender, had also fallen, and now the plains around Montreal were dotted with three victorious English armies. The work of conquest was complete. Canada, with all her dependencies, had yielded to the British Crown. It remained only for the English to take possession of those western outposts, where the lilies of France were still flying from the flag staff. The execution of this very dangerous task was assigned to Major Robert Rogers, a provincial officer, and a native of New Hampshire.

Rogers commanded a body of provincial rangers. Putnam and Stark were his associates; and it was in this woodland warfare that the former achieved many of those startling adventures which have made his name familiar at every New England fireside.

On the twelfth of September, 1760, Rogers, then at the height of his reputation, received orders from Sir Jeffrey Amherst to ascend the lakes with a detachment of rangers, and take possession, in the name of his Britannic Majesty, of Detroit, Michilimackinac, and other western posts included in the capitulation of Montreal. He left the latter place on the following day with two hundred rangers in fifteen whale boats.

They gained Lake Ontario, skirted its northern shore, amid rough and boisterous weather, and, crossing at its western extremity, reached Fort Niagara on the first of October. Carrying their boats over the portage, they launched them once more above the cataract and slowly pursued their voyage; while Rogers and