Imagens da página
PDF
ePub

ra.

[ocr errors]

cassida, 49. Convex, longitudinally ribbed, and striated diated towards the base, and surrounded with 2 brown

transversely, with the summit recurved; base roundish, rings. Martini, i. t. 7. f. 55.
and the margin crenated. Isle of France. Martini, i. 69. Roundish, with longitudinal reddish stripes, ra-rota.
t. 12. f. 116.

diated in pairs, and the margin yellowislı. w. Indies. tranque 50. Ovate, thin, pellucid, with fine crowded striæ; Chem. x. t. 168. f. 1619.

;

. barica. chesnut with white scales, within milk-white ; with a 70. Entire, acute, smooth, glabrous. Indian and testudina. brown spot at the bottom, and azure spot on the crown. North seas. Martini, i. t. 6. f. 45 to 48.

ria. Tranquebar. Lister, t. 530. f. 8.

71. Entire, ovate, striated; crown obtuse, nearly testudingmammila- 51. Conical, subpellucid, finely striated longitudi- central; 14 lines long. Greenland seas.

;

Chem. X.lis. ris. nally, and the summit reflected ; base oblong, and the t. 168. f. 1614 and 1615.

margin entire. Mediterranean. Lister, t. 537. f. 17. 72. Entire, oval, oblong, striated, smooth; com-compressa leucopleu- 52. Striated, entire, alternately black and white: pressed on the back ; 14 inches long. India. Lister,

. 1 inch long. West Indies. Lister, t. 539. f. 22. t. 541. f. 25. tricarina- 53. Substriated, with 3 ribs on the forepart ; 21 73. Conical, elevated, with about 100 narrow longi-afra. ta. inches high. New Zealand. Born, t. 18. f. 6. tudinal ribs ; summit obtuse, glabrous, and central. pectinata. 54. Entire, ovate, with wrinkled, slightly branched Island of Goree. Martini, i. t. 5. f. 34.

striæ ; crown nearly central ; 2 inches long. Medi. 74. Entire, conic, with 50 obtuse striæ; 3 inches rustica.
terranean. Einl. ij. t. 5. f.
3.

long. Portugal. Lister, t. 537. f. 20. fusco:lutca 55. Convex, oval-oblong, submembranaceous, with 75. Conical, convex towards the base, with longitu- jamaicen

longitudinal strice, wbich are alternately larger, and dinal striæ, and distant transverse ridges; base round- sis.
wrinkled transversely; summit reflected.' Born, t. 18. ish. Jamaica. Martini, i. t. 5. f. 37.
f. 8.

76. Qval, entire, striated ; black brown radiated stellifera. lutea. 56. Entire, oval, convex, striated, with a submar. with white; within silvery. Friendly islands and New

ginal, reflected, mucronate crown ; size of a melon seed. Zealand. Chem. x. t. 168. f. 1617.
India. Martini, i. t. 17. f. 154. and 5.

77. Entire, ovate, obtuse, with 39 cinereous, fli-fusca. perversa.

57. Oblong, horny, very thin, pellucid, glabrous, form, elevated striæ. Straits of Magellan. Martini, ,
with a ferruginous base. Africa. Martini, i. t. 12. i. t. 5. f. 40.
f. 114. A. and B.

78. Depressed, thick, with remote decussated striæ surinomlacustris. 58. Entire, oval, membranaceous, with a central, towards the base, and the summit smooth and central ; ensis.

mucronate, reflected crown ; 1{ to 2 lines long. Fresh base nearly oval; inside yellow. Surinam. Martini,
waters of Europe, Britain. Don. t. 147.

i. t. 7. f. 50. oblonga.j 59. Membranaceous, brittle, slightly contracted in 79. Entire, striated, with a submucronate, erect notata.

the middle, with the summit pointed and obliquely re- crown; within white, with a black, heart-shaped spot,
flected ; base oblong. Britain and other parts of Eu- white in the middle ; minute. Mediterranean. Chem.
rope. Don. t. 150.

X. vig. 25. f. c and d.
***** With the summit obtuse, and the margin

8o. Entire, oval, subconvex; brown, with a white cruciata. entire.

cross ; 1 inch long. Schroeter, ii. t. Se f. 7.

81. Entire, conic.compressed, with reticulated veins. reticulata. lævis. 60. Subconical, smooth, and diverging longitudinal Mediterranean. Schroeter, ii. t. 5. f. 7.

lines, and the summit nearly marginal; base subovate. 82. Oval, with crowded longitudinal elevated dotted cca. England. Montagu, t. 13. f. 8.

strive, and the summit acute and erect. Drobach in radians. 61. Oval, pellucid, much depressed, striated longi- Norway. Muller Zool. Don. i. t. 12. f. 1 to 3.

tudinally, and radiate with blackish spots. New Zea- 83. Oval, very entire, with pale purplish longitudi- virginea. Jand. Chem. x. t. 168. f. 1618.

nal rays, and the summit nearly marginal. Britain and areolata. 62. Pyramidal, reddish gray, with thin, circular Norway. Don. t. 21. f. 2.

striæ crossed by longitudinal ones ; crown violet. Straits 84. Oblong-oval; very entire ; finely striated lon- tesselato. of Magellan. Martini, i. t. 5. f. 41.

gitudinally, whitish, tesselated with red spots. Nor- . flammea. 63. Ovate, with fine annulated striæ, reddisb grey, way. Muller Zool. Don. i. t. 12. f. 6 and 7.

with undulated brown_rays; crown acute, central; 85. Oval-oblong, with minule, somewhat decussated fuulva.
white in the middle. Falkland islands. Martini, i. t. striæ, and the spire nearly marginal. Bay of Drobach
5. f. 42.

in Norway. Muller Zool. Don. i. t. 24. f. 1 to 3. indica. 64. Reddish grey, with radiated striæ, glabrous, 86. Oblong, depressed, with the posterior margin ambigua.

narrower on one side ; crown acute, sinooth, surrounded rounded, and the anterior truncated; summit nearly
with a reddish ring; 3: inches long. India. Mar. marginal. New Holland. Cheni. xi. t. 197. f. 1918.

33
tini, i. t. 7. f. 49.

87. Entire, oval, pellucid, depressed, striated, horny, radians. suring. 65. Thick, subovate, yellowish, with black rays, and and radiated with black spots. New Zealand. Chem. mensis. longitudinal, unequal striæ ; and surrounded with knot

x. t. 168. f. 1618. ty belts ; crown obtuse, smooth, white. Surinam. 88. Entire, roundish, diaphanous ; depressed, with umbellata.. Martini, i. t. 7. f. 5o.

yellowish rays within ; crown pale yellow ; margin very vitellina. 66. Ovate, yellow; base unequally striated; crown acute; 4 inches long. Indian ocean. Chem. x. t. 169. whitisii, obtuse. Martini, i. t. 7. f. 51.

f. 1645. lævigata. 67. Ovate, yellow, within bluish white, with oblique

****** With a marginal fissure. flattened striæ, alternately thicker and thinner; crown

wbite, smooth, polished. Martini, i. t. 7. f. 54. • 89. Oval, conic, with reticulated striæ; cleft on the fissura. punctulata 68. Rounded, white, with many coloured dots, ca. fore-part ; crown. recuryed; } inch long. European

and

&

[ocr errors]

incisa.

fissurata

and Barbary coasts, Devonshire. Martini, i. t. 12. f. 109 and 110.

90. Oval, rather depressed, cancellated, with a broad marginal fissure, and the summit recurved. Falkland islands. Chem. xi. t. 197. f. 1925 and 1926.

91. Oval, depressed, with crowded longitudinal striæ, and a short marginal fissure. New Zealand. Chem. xi. t. 197. f. 1929 and 1930.

******* With a perforated summit.

noachina. 92. Conical, longitudinally striated, and the summit recurved, with a rhomboidal perforation, extending towards the anterior margin. Norway and Britain. Montagu, t. 13. f. 10.

pustula. 93. Oval, gibbous, convex, with reticulated striæ; margin crenated; perforation near the posterior margin. Mediterranean and Indian seas. Lister, t. 528.

græca.

atricapilla

nodosa.

perforata.

caffra.

pileolus.

scutellum.

picta.

nimbosa.

nubecula.

porphyro

zonias.

macrochis

ma.

61

Dentalium.

f. 30.

94. Ovate, convex, reticulated; crown not much elevated; perforation oblong; margin crenulated; length inch. Foreign specimens 1 inch. European seas, Sandwich. Don. i. t. 21. f. 3.

95. Ovate, cancellated, with the longitudinal ribs nodulous and alternately smaller; summit somewhat lateral, and the inner margin entire. Barbadoes. Lister, t. 528. f. 5.

96. Oval, subconical, with elevated, strongly tuber. culated ribs, and the summit nearly central; margin crenated. Barbadoes. Lister, t. 528. f. 6.

97. A little convex, transversely wrinkled; brownish, with straw-coloured rays and spots; striæ longitudinal, and alternately larger and scaly; 1 inch long. Barbadoes. Lister, t. 528. f. 7.

98. Ovate, compressed, striated; finely annulated, and radiated with black; bottom milk-white; perforation nearly central. Cape of Good Hope. Martini, i. t. 11. f. 95.

99. Oblong, with longitudinal striæ, and the sides compressed; perforation circular and submarginal. Chem. xi. t. 197. f. 1922.

100. Repand on each side, compressed; perforation radiated with grooves; from 1 to 1 inch long. Falkland islands. Schroeter, ii. t. 6. f. 11.

90.

IOI. Ovate, with concentrical elevated belts, and alternately white and violet longitudinal rays; perforation oval. Magellan straits. Martini, i. t. 11. f. 102. Ovate, striated, rugged, brown; perforation oblong; 2 inches long. Mediterranean and Atlantic. America. Martini, i. t. 11. f. 91 and 92.

103. Subovate, rugged, white radiated with red; slightly striated; perforation ovate. Mediterranean. Lister, t. 529. f. 22.

104. Oblong, compressed, unequally striated; white, with 5 purple, interrupted belts; greenish white within; perforation minute, surrounded on the inside with a red circle. North America. Martini, i. t. 12. f. 102 and 103.

105. Ovate-oblong, slightly striated, and the sides somewhat compressed; perforation very long, and widened at the posterior end. Japan. Chem. xi. t. 197. f. 1923 and 1924.

Gen. 33. DENTALIUM, Tooth-shell.

Gen. Char.-The animal a terebella; shell univalve,

tubular, straight or slightly curved, with an undivided cavity, open at both ends.

SPECIES.

1. With 10 ribs, slightly curved and striated; 4 elephantiinches long. Indian and European seas. Lister, t.num. 547. upper f. 1.

2. Straight, doubly or triply striated, and annulated. rectum. E. Indies. Martini, i. t. 1. f. 4. A.

3. With 10 ribs, smooth, and slightly curved. In-aprinum. dian seas. Martini, i. t. 1. f. 4. B.

4. With 8 ribs and 8 striæ, pointed; green, tipped striatum. with white. Sicilian seas. Lister, t. 547. lower fig.

5. With 20 striæ, slightly curved, interrupted; red, dentalis. tipt, with white. Mediterranean. Rumphius, t. 41. f. 6.

6. Round, slightly curved; smooth, glossy, taper-entalis. ing to a small point; pervious; 1 inch long. Indian and European shores; western coasts of England. Don. ii. t. 48.

corneum.

7. Round, slightly curved, interrupted, opaque; inch long. African ocean. Schroeter, ii. t. 6. f. 16. 8. Round, slightly curved, continued, with crowded, politum. annular striæ; 1 inch long. Indian and European seas. Martini, i. t. 1. f. 3. A.

9. White, smooth, round, slightly curved, with re-eburneum. mote rings. India. Gmelin.

10. Finely striated, slightly curved; grey, with fasciatum. darker bands; thickness of a crow quill. Sicily. Martini, i. t. 1. f. 3. B.

II. Subpellucid, subarcuated, tapering to a small gadus. point; pervious, contracting a little towards the larger end; white, glossy, and smooth. British channel; called by the mariners hake's tooth. It is frequently brought up with the sounding line. Montagu, t. 14.

[blocks in formation]

Gen. 34. SERPULA, Worm-Shell.

Gen. Char.-The animal a terebella: shell, univalve, tubular, generally adhering to other substances; often separated internally by entire divisions at unequal distances.

SPECIES.

Scrpula.

1. Suborbicular; umbilicated; convex, with radi-stellaris. ated wrinkles. Greenland, on Sertularia.

2. Regular, oval, loose, glabrous, not larger than seminu3 N 2 a lum.

*

*

a grain of sand. Adriatic and Red seas; and is some• to 3 whirls, with a central tip. Goree. Martini, i. t.
times found fossil. Martini, i. t. 3. f. 22. a. and b.

3. f. 20. A. B. incurvata, 3. Straight, with 3 close whirls at the smaller end; 26. Suboctangular, cancellated, and irregularly spi- volvox. minute. Sandwich. Walker, f. 12.

ral. E. Indies. Martini, i. t. 2. f. 14. planorbis. 4. Orbicular, regular, flat, equal; resembles a round 27. Roundish, somewhat spiral, with a longitudinal, anguina. scale; adheres to shells.

jointed cleft. Indian ocean. Lister, t. 548. f. 2. cereolus. 5. Long, narrow, round, smooth, yellowish ; many 28. Angular, muricated, with a longitudinal, subarti- muricata. times twisted. America. Martini, i. t. 3. f. 20. E.

i

culated fissure. Indian ocean. Martini, i. t. 2. f. 8. spirillum. * 6. Regular, spiral, orbicular; whirls round, gra- 29. Subcylindrical, with annular contractions, and annularis. dually decreasing. Found in the ocean, on zoophytes,

,

an obsolete longitudinal fissure. Martini, i. t. 2. f.
on the corallina oficinalis from Milton rocks, Devon- 10.
shire. _Martini, i. t. 3. f. 20. C. and D.

30. Conic, spirally twisted, yellowish, with brown orn ucominuta. 7. Regular, spiral, orbicular, with the wbirls re- bands; the middle round and twisted ; aperture orbi-piæ.

versed ; taper, and transversely wrinkled. Britain. cular. Mauritius island. Chem. xi. t. 211. f. 202 and
Montagu, p. 505.

203. spirorbis. * 8. Regular, spiral, orbicular; whirls slightly chan- 31. Round, with decussated striæ, slightly wrinkled, decussata. nelled above and inwardly, and diminishing gradually flexuous, red; within smooth, white. Barbadoes. Lis

li towards the centre. Found in most seas, adhering to ter, t. 547. f.4.

. fuci. Shores of Britain. Don. t. 9.

32. Round, tapering, curved, wrinkled; 2 to 3 vermicu. riquetra. 9. Strong, opaque, irregularly twisted and contort- inches long. European seas, coasts of Britain. Don.laris. ed; triangular; } to 1 inch long. Found in the

t. 95.

The animal wbich inhabits this shell is of a ocean, adhering to marine substances, stones, and the bright scarlet colour, and is furnished with elegant

bottoms of ships. Coasts of Britain. Don. t. 95. feathered tentacula, from the midst of wbicb arises a intricata. * 10. Filiform, rough, and intricately twisted; green- trumpet-shaped tube, and a lesser simple one.

ish white, a little rugged and coarse. European and 33. Taper, subulated, and flexuous, with the larger tubularia. Indian seas; shores of Britain, on shells.

end detached and ascending. Devonshire and Shetcarinata. 11. Regular, spiral, with the outer whirl rising into land islands.

a carinated ridge on the top. Salcombe Bay, De- 34. White, round, subulate, straight, and toothed denticuvonshire.

at the sides ; with a longitudinal glabrous, rib in the lata. granulata. * 12. Round, spiral, glomerated ; 3 elevated ribs on middle ; tip glabrous, a little incurved ; * inch long.

the upper side ; size of a coriander seed. North seas, Found in the lepas tintinnabulum. West Indies.
in masses adhering to shells and stones. Britain. Schroeter, ii. t. 6. f. 18.
Don. t. 100.

35. Watering-pot; round, straight, taper, with a aquaria. cancellata. 13. Spiral, glomerated, with three grooves, the lower dilated, radiated, larger extremity; the dise is cover

interrupted by transverse ribs; aperture 2-toothed. ed with cylindrical pores ; 3 to 5 inches long. Indian
Greenland seas.

ocean. Lister, t. 548. f. 3. hetero- * 14. Taper, spiral, with three elevated ribs on the up- 36. Brown, roundish, striated. Indian ocean, adher. остеа. stropha. per side, and the wbirls reversed. Devonshire. Mon- ing to corals. Martini, i. t. 1. 9. tagu.

37. Smootb, white, the broader part straight, and probascicorrugata. * 15. Regular, spiral, transversely wrinkled, and um- transversely plaited'; 2 to 4 inches long. Martini, i. dea. bilicated. Devonsbire.

t, 2. f. 18. A and B. lucida. * 16. Taper, spiral, very smooth and glossy; whirls 38. Polished, smoothish, with annulated plaits, a lit-protensa. reversed. Britain. Linn. Tr. v. t. 1. f. 31.

tle tapering towards the end ; size of a quill. Indian vitrea. 17. Round, regular, spiral, orbicular, wrinkled, with and American seas. Martini, i. t. 2. f. 12. A.

a thickened aperture. Greenland seas; shores of Bri- 39. Somewhat triangular, and a little flexuous, gigantea. tain.

gradually tapering, violet; within smooth and pale contortu- * 18. Angular, rugged, and irregularly entwined; yellow; aperture white, with undulated striæ, and armplicata. transversely striated; 3 to 4 inches long. European ed with a conic tooth ; a foot high, and as thick as the

and American seas, shores of Britain. Martini, i. t. little finger. Africa and America. Pallas, t. 10. f.
3. f. 24. A.

2 to 10. nebulosa, 19. Thick, wrinkled, and much twisted ; aperture * 40. Whirls 2, deeply and spirally grooved ; green-sulcuta.

large and indented. America. Favanne, t. 6. f. 1. ish; minute. Coast of Pembrokeshire, on the roots of goreensis. 20. Round, cancellated, yellow, within borny; 8 to fucus digitalis.

9 inches long. Goree. Favanne, i. t. 6. f. 812. 41. Suboval, with 2 bends, imperforated; minute.ovalis. glomerata. 21. Round, glomerated, with decussated wrinkles. Found at Denbigh.

European and Atlantic sea. Martini, i. t. 3. f. 23. 42. Regular, rounded; margin reflected at the aper-reflexa. lumbrica. 22. Round, flexuous, with a spiral, acute tip; trans- ture; minute. Pembrokeshire sands. lis.

versely ribbed, and longitudinally wrinkled; 3 to 5 43. Regular, rounded, pellucid, with three whirls; cornea.
inches long. Atlantic and Indian seas, in large masses. horny. Pembrokeshire coast.
Lister, t. 548. f. 1.

44. Semilunar, ventricose, white, opaque, glossy ; bicornis. conica. 23. Subcylindrical, flexuous ; spiral at the base. A. minute. Sandwich and Reculver. merica. Martini, i. t. 2. f. 15.

* 45. White, opaque, glossy; semilunar and perfo-perforata. arenaria. 24. Jointed, entire, distinct, flattish beneath. India rated ; minute. Sandwich, Rare.

and Africa. Martini, i. t. 3. f. 19. A, B, and C. 46. Oval, thin, smooth, pellucid, with milky veins ; lactca. afra. 25. Substriated, yellowish brown, round, twisted in minute. Sandwich. Very rares

1. f.

a

[blocks in formation]

gigantea. 1. Taper, subcylindrical, nearly straight, thick, and pellucid, with two internal tubes at the summit. Inhabits the sandy shores of Ceram, one of the Molucca islands, in shallow water. Rumphius, t. 41. f. D and E. This species grows to an immense size; and has been found no less than 5 feet 4 inches long, and the circumference at the base 9 inches, tapering upwards to 2 inches; the colour on the outside is milk-white; the inner surface rather of a yellow tinge.

navalis.

2. Ship-worm; shell thin, cylindrical, smooth; more or less twisted; rather obtuse at the tip; 4 to 6 inches long. Britain. Don. t. 145.

oak which were examined in the dock-yard of Ply.
mouth, and which had remained under water for about
four or five years, that the destructive effects of these
animals are very great in that time; for these piles
were found to be greatly perforated, which rendered it
necessary to remove them, and replace them with others.
The bottoms of ships which frequent warm climates, it
is well known, are sheathed with copper, to secure them
from the effects of these destructive animals. But the
method which is adopted about the dock-yards to pre-
serve the timbers which are constantly under water, is
to cover them with broad-headed nails; which, by the
effects of the sea water are soon incrusted with a coat-
ing of rust, which is found to be impenetrable to the
ship-worm.

It has been observed that the teredo navalis cuts a-
cross the grain of the wood as seldom as possible. Af
ter it has penetrated a little way, it turns and conti-
nues with the grain, till it meets with another shell, or
a knot in the wood. The course which it then takes is
regulated by the nature of the obstruction. If this be
considerable, it makes a short turn back in the form of
a syphon, rather than continue for any distance across
the grain.

3. Solid, cylindrical, undulated; 7 inches long. In utriculus. wood. Kemmener, t. I.

4. Clavated at one end, incurved at the other; nar-clava. rower, obtuse and perforated in the middle; 2 inches long. Found in the seed-vessels of the xylosteum granatum. Coromandel. Ency. Meth. t. 167. f. 6 to 16.

Gen. 36. SABELLA, Sand Shell.

mouth, and two thicker tentacula behind the head:
shell tubular, composed of particles of sand, broken
shells, and vegetable substances, united to a mem-
brane by a glutinous cement.

SPECIES.

At the smaller end the shell becomes thick and
strong, and is furnished within with plaits or laminæ,
which contract that part, leaving a very small opening.
The anterior valves attached to the head of the animal,
are of a hemispherical form, one half of the front pro-
jecting in a sharp angle, and somewhat pointed. The
inside of each valve is white, furnished with a long,
flat, curved tooth, projecting inwards, under the hinge, Gen. Char.-The animal a nereis, with a ringent
and a short lateral tooth at the extremity of the hinge,
corresponding in each valve. The margin opposite the
hinge runs to an acute angle, at the point of which, in
each valve, is a small knob, which comes in contact
when the valves are brought together. Near the ex-
tremity of the tail there are two valves, one on each
side; a little concave on the inside, and rounded at the
end. By their means the extremity of the tube at the
thickened part is closed. These are properly to be
considered as the shell of the animal, because they are
attached to it. The tube, or testaceous sheath, which
lines the hole made in the wood, appears only to be
formed as an apartment, in which the animal may move
with more ease; for it is found that two tubes never
come in immediate contact with each other, although
the fibres of the wood between them are frequently no
thicker than paper. This tube is seldom so long as the
animal; the internal part of the perforation is usually
not lined with it for the space of 2 inches, and some-
times more; but the smaller end is always even with
the surface of the timber which is perforated; but so
small, as not easily to be discovered, yet it is sufficient
to admit the water, which is regulated by the posterior
valves of the animal.

It is found in the sides and bottom of ships, and even the strongest oak, which has been some time under water. This testaceous animal was originally a native of the warmer climates, and was brought to Europe, where it has been produced, and has proved extremely destructive to the bottoms of ships, and to works constructed of wood, which remain for some time constantly under water. It appears, from some piles of solid

64

Sabella.

1. Solitary, loose, curved, with lentiform, glossy gra- scruposa. nulations; thickness of a swan's quill. India and American islands.

2. Solitary, fixed by the base, simple, curved, with scabra. radiated, rough granulations. America. Act. Petrop. 1766. t. 9. f. 1 and 2.

*

3. Numerous, parallel tubes, communicating by an alveolata. aperture, forming in the mass the appearance of honey combs; 2 to 3 inches long. European coasts, Britain. Ellis Corals, t. 36.

4. Solitary, subcylindrical, papyraceous, chiefly com-chrysodon. posed of fragments of shells, thickness of a quill; 2 to 6 inches long. European and Indian seas, shores of Britain. Martini, i. t. 4. f. 29. and 30.

*

5. Straight, conic, composed of minute particles of belgica. sand; 2 to 3 inches long. European coasts, shores of Britain. Martini, i. t. 4, f. 37.

6. Brown, with alternate white and black rings; rectangustraight, with a rectangular gibbous extremity; 9 inches la. long. Martini, i. t. 4. f. 31.

7. Cylindrical, conic, open at both ends; membra- capensis. naceous; rough, with interrupted, transverse striæ. Cape of Good Hope. Mull. Linn. Naturf. 6. t. 19. f. 6 and 7.

[ocr errors]

8. Cylindrical, black, smoothish on the outside; nigra. composed

a

a

ammo

*

composed of minute particles of sand; inch long body prickly, jointed. Deeps of the Greenland seas ;

Rivulets of Thuringia. Schroeter, t. 11. f. 1. fixed to stones. Fabr. fn. Groenl. p. 374. N° 369. stagnalis.

9. Straight, tapering, open at both ends ; smooth, 25. Cylindrical, composed of capillary, subcylindri- indica.
with a margined aperture, composed of very minute cal, agglutinated crystals of quartz. "Indian ocean.
particles of sand. Rivers of Thuringia. Schroeter, t. Abildy Schr. Bell. Naturf. 9. p. 144. t. 4.
11. f. 13.

* 26. Extremely fragile, cylindrical, composed of pure arenaria. conica. 10. Narrow, conic, smooth, straight, cinereous ; sand, slightly cemented together, without any internal

with a blackish open tip, composed of very minute par- membrane; size of a raven's quill , from 1 to 2 inches

ticles of sand ; not inch long. Schroeter, t. 11. f. 14. long. Dorsetshire coast. Montagu. uncinata. 11. Smooth, round, tapering, with an open hooked 27. Long, subcylindric, slender, fragile, composed of subcylin.

tip; } inch long. Rivers of Thuringia. Schroeter, t. fine sand, and minute bits of broken shells, cemented drica. 11. f. D. f. 8.

together on a fine membrane; 3 inches long. Salcomb sabulosa. 12. Cylindrical, closed at the tip, subclavated, per- bay. Montagu.

forated, and composed of larger grains of sand; not an 28. Long, slender, gradually tapering to the lower letiformis.
inch long. Thuringia and Belgium. Schroeter, t. 11. end, composed of fine fragments of shells, and minute
f. 4.

flat bits of stones, cemented together at their edges : 3 vegetabilis 13. Depressed, composed of fragments of twigs, to 4 inches long. Salcomb bay.- Some have been ob

stems, and bark, and broken pieces of the tellina cor- served with a lateral branch near the smaller end, which
nea; an inch long. Waters of Thuringia. Schroeter, is supposed to be a young one. Montagu.
t. 11. f. 9.

29. Small, short, composed of sand and minute bits curta. 14. Polygono-cylindrical, within smooth, composed of flat stones, agglutinated to a tough membrane ; size niaia. of fragments of cornu ammonis. Rivers. Schroeter, of a crow quill; an inch long. Inlet near Kings. t. 11. f. 10.

bridge. This sabella is gregarious, covering the whole helicina. 15. Round, within smooth, composed of fragments of surface of the shore, appearing like bits of straw co

the helix pusilla; an inch long. Stagnant waters of vered with mud. Montagu,
Thuringia. Schroeter, t. 11. f. II.

11

30. Short, broad, and very flat, composed of large compressa dimidiata. 16. One part of the shell composed of sand or gra. fragments of flat, bivalve shells, placed Frith the con

vel, the other thicker, clavated, and composed of frag- cave side inwards; 1; inch long. Deeps at Torcross,
ments of shells. Waters of Thuringia. Schroeter, t. Devonshire.
II. f. 3. D.

The animals included under the preceding genus, fixa. 17. Composed of small stones ; tapering towards the have for their coverings particles of sand agglutinated

tip; an inch long; affixed to stones in the water, and on the external membrane, and resemble rather the
open at the side by wbich it is fixed. Thuringia. larve of certain insects, than the testaceous vermes.
Schroeter, t. 11. f. 12.

The latter form their calcareous integuments entirely clarata. 18. Composed of small stones; the open end clavat- from the secretions of their own surfaces, and are at.

;
ed, and consisting of larger stones; solitary. Thurin. tached to these by cartilaginous processes, so as to render
gia. Schroeter, t. 11. f. 2.

them essential and indispensable parts of their struccorticalis. 19. Composed of pieces of bark, towards the end of ture. The coverings of the sabellæ seem to be more of broken stems. Schroeter, t. 11. f. 5.

an adventitious nature, and may be considered rather arundina. 20. Subconic, open at both ends, composed of frag- as serving the purposes of habitations, than as being cea. ments of the bark of reeds, placed on each other; an organized integrals of the contained animal. This geinch long. Schroeter, t. 11. f. 6.

nus, therefore, does not come under the class of testa. aculeata. 21. Composed of small twigs, the points of wbich ceous animals; and indeed is by all physiologists of mo

project a little ; an inch long. Thuringia, Britain. · dern times rejected from the arrangement of testaceous
Schroeter, t. 11. f. 7.
vermes.

65 marsupia. 22. Black; open end cylindrical and narrower, the Number of species included under each order, in the Enumeralis. other part tinged and ovate; 2 inches long. Schroeter, preceding classification.

tion of the 2. t. 6. f. 21.

MULTIVALVES

species.

99 norwegica 23. Roundish, open at both ends, brittle, membrana

BIVALVES ceous ; composed of very minute grains of sand; 4

UNIVALVES

1655 inches long. Norway. Schroeter, 2. p. 591. N° 20. lumbrica- 24. Coarse, creeping, fragile, open at both ends ;

Total number of species 2409 tis. the animal not furnished with tentacula at the mouth ;

exclusive of the sabellæ.

*

655

CHAP. V. OF THE CONSTITUENT PARTS OF SHELLS, &c.

HAVING in the former chapter enumerated, under the animal, and how it is enlarged as the animal ineach genus, all the species of testaceous animals which creases in size. These topics shall be the subject of the have been hitherto discovered ; and having given the present chapter, which may be conveniently divided characteristic marks by which each is distinguished, into the following sections. 1. Of the constituent parts which marks are derived from the shell or testaceous of shells. 2. Of their formation. 3. Of the colours of covering; we now propose to inquire what is the na- shells. 4. of the formation of the umbilicus and proture of this substance; in what way it is produced by tuberances, &c. 5. Of the pearl.

SECT.

« AnteriorContinuar »