lawfull to and for the said James Duke of Yorke his heires and assignes in his or theire discrecons from time to time to admit such and so many person and persons to trade and traffique unto and within the terrytoryes and islands aforesaid and into every and any part and parcell thereof and to have possesse and enjoy any lands or hereditaments in ye parts and places aforesaid as they shall thinke fitt according to the lawes orders constitucons and ordinances by our said brother his heires deputyes commissioners and assignes from time to time to be made and established by vertue of and according to the true intent and meaning of these presents and under such condicons reservacons and agreements as our said brother his heires or assignes shall set downe order direct and appoint and not otherwise as aforesaid And wee do further of our especiall grace certaine knowledge and meere mocon for us our heires and successors give and grant to our said deare brother his heires and assignes by these presents that it shall and may be lawful to and for him them or any of them at all and every time and times hereafter out of any of our realmes or dominions whatsoever to take leade carry and transport in and into their voyages and for and towards the plantacons of our said territoryes and islands all such and so many of our loving subjects or any other strangers being not prohibited or under restraint that will become our loving subjects and live under our alegiance as shall willingly accompany them in the said voyages together with all such cloathing implements furniture and other things usually transported and not prohibited as shall be necessary for the inhabitants of the said islands and territoryes and for theire use and defence thereof and manageing and carrying on the trade with the people there and in passing and returning to and fro yielding and paying to us our heires and successors the customes and dutyes therefore due and payable according to the lawes and customes of this our Realme And we do also for us our heires and successors grant to our said dearest brother James Duke of Yorke his heires and assignes and to all and every such governor or governors or other officers or ministers as by our said brother his heires or assignes shall be appointed to have power and authority of government and command in or over the inhabitants of the said territoryes or islands that they and every of them shall and lawfully may from time to time and at all times hereafter forever for theire severall defence and safety encounter expulse repell and resist by force of arms as well by sea as by land and all wayes and means whatsoever all such person and persons as without the speciall licence of our said deare brother his heires or assignes shall attempt to inhabit within the severall precincts and limitts of our said territoryes and islands and also all and every such person and persons whatsoever as shall enterprize or attempt at any time hereafter the destruccon or invasion detriment or annoyance to ye parts places or islands aforesaid or any parte thereof and lastly our will and pleasure is and wee do hereby declare and grant that these our letters patents or the enrollment thereof shall be good and effectuall in the law to all intents and purposes whatsoever notwithstanding the not reciting or menconing of the premises or any part thereof or the meets or bounds thereof or of any former or other presents patents or grants heretofore made or granted of the premisses or of any part thereof by us or any of our progenitors unto any other person or persons whatsoever bodyes politique or corporate or any act law or other restraint incertainty or imperfection whatsoever to the contrary in any wise notwithstanding althoughe expresse mencon of the true yearly value or certainty of the premises or any of them or of any other guifts or grants by us or by any of our progenitors or predecessors heretofore made to the said James Duke of Yorke in these presents is not made or any statute act ordinance provision proclamacon or restriction heretofore had made enacted ordained or provided or any other matter cause or thing whatsoever to the contrary thereof in any wise notwithstanding.

In witnesse whereof wee have caused these our letters to be made pattents.Witnesse ourselfe at Westminster the twelveth day of March in the sixteenth yeare of our raigne.

By the King:

50 0 L

HOWARD

GRANT OF THE PROVINCE OF MAINE-1674.

CHARLES the Second by the Grace of God King of England Scotland France and Ireland Defender of the Ffaith &c. To all to whom these presents shall come Greeting Know yee that wee for divers good causes and consideracons have of our especiall grace certaine knowledge and meer motion given and granted and by these presents for us our heirs and successors do give and graunt unto our dearest brother James Duke of Yorke his heires and assigns All that part of the main land of New England, beginning at a certaine place called or known by the name of St. Croix nexe adjoining to New Scotland in America and from thence extending along the seacoast unto a certaine place called Petuaquine or Pemaquid and so up the river thereof to the furthest head of the same as it windeth northward and extending from the river of Kinebeque and so upwards by the shortest course to the river Canada northwards: And and all that Island or Islands commonly called by the severall name or names of Matowacks or Long Islands scituate and being towards the west of Cape Cod and the narrow Higansetts abutting upon the main land between the two rivers there called or known by the severall names of Connecticutt and Hudson's River together also with the said river called Hudson's River and all the lands from the west side of Connecticutt River to the east side of Delaware Bay: And also all those severall Islands called or known by the names of Martin Vin Yard and Nantukes otherwise Nantuckett: Together with all the lands Islands soiles rivers harbors Mines Mineralls Quarries woods marshes waters Lakes ffishings Hawking hunting and ffowling and all other royalties proffits Commodities and hereditaments to the said severall Islands Lands and premises belonging and appertaining with their and every of their appurtenants: And all our Estate right title and interest benefit and advantage claime and demand of in or to the said lands or premises or any part or parcell thereof and the revercon and revercons remainder and remainders together with the yearly and other rents revenues and proffits of the premises and of every part and parcell thereof To have and to hold all and singular the said lands and premises with their and every of their appurtents hereby given and graunted or herein before mentioned to be given and graunted unto our said dearest brother James Duke of Yorke his heirs and assigns forever: To bee holden of us our heirs and successors as of our Manor of East Greenwich, in our county of Kent in free and common soccage and not in capite nor by Knight service yielding and rendering: And the said James Duke of Yorke for himself his heirs and assignes doth covenant and promise to yield and render unto Us our heirs and successors of and for the same yearly and every year fforty Beaver Skins when they shall bee demanded or within ninety days after such demand made and wee do further, of our speciall grace certaine knowledge and meer motion for Us Our heirs and successors give and graunt unto our said Dearest brother James Duke of Yorke his heirs Deputyes Agents Commissioners and assignes by these presents full and absolute power and authority to correct punish pardon govern and rule all such the subjects of us our heirs and successors or any other person or persons as shall from time to time adventure themselves into any of the parts or places aforesaid or that shall or do at any time hereafter inhabit within the same according to such Lawes orders ordinances directions and instructions as by our said dearest brother or his assignes shall bee established and in defect thereof in cases of necessity according to the good direccons of his Deputyes Commissioners Officers or Agents respectively as well in all cases and matters capitall and criminall as Civill Marine and Others so alwayes as the said Statutes ordinances and proceedings bee not contrary to but as neare as may bee agreeable to the Lawes Statutes and Government of this our realm of England and saving and reserving to Us our heirs and successors the receiving hearing and determining of the appeal and appeals of all or any person or persons of in or belonging to the Territoryes or Islands aforesaid or touching any Judgment or sentence to bee there made or given And further that it shall and may bee lawfull to and for our said dearest brother his heirs and assigns by these presents from time to time to nominate make constitute ordaine and confirme such Lawes as aforesaid by such name or names stile or stiles as to him or them shall

seem good And likewise to revoke discharge change and alter as well all and singular Governors officers and ministers which hereafter shall be by him or them thought fit and needfull to be made or used within the aforesaid Islands and parts: And also to make ordaine and establish all manner of lawes orders direccons instructions formes and ceremonyes of Government and Magistracy fit and necessary for and concerning the Government of the Territoryes and Islands aforesaid so always as the same bee not contrary to the Lawes and Statutes of this our realme of England, but as neare as may bee agreeable thereunto and the same at all times hereafter to put in execution abrogate revoke or change not onely within the precincts of the said Territoryes or Islands but also upon the seas in going and coming to and from the same as hee or they in their good discretions shall think fittest for the good of the adventurers and inhabitants And wee do further of our Especiall Grace certaine knowledge and meer motion graunt ordaine and declare that such Governors Deputyes Officers and Ministers as from time to time shall bee authorized and appointed in manner and fforme aforesaid shall and may have full power and authority within the Territoryes aforesaid to use and exercise Marshall Lawe in cases of rebellion insurrection and Mutiny in as large and ample manner as our Lieutenants in our Countyes within Our realme of England have or ought to have by force of their Commission of Lieutenancy or any law or Statute of this our realme: And Wee do further by these presents for us our heirs and successors graunt unto Our said dearest brother James Duke of Yorke his heirs and assignes that it shall and may be lawful to and for the said James Duke of Yorke his heirs and assignes in his or their discrescon from time to time to admit such and so many person and persons to trade and trafficke into and and within ye Territoryes and Islands aforesaid and into every or any of the Territoryes and Islands aforesaid and into every or any part and parcell thereof: And to have possess and enjoy any Lands and hereditaments in the parts and places aforesaid as they shall think fit according to the Lawes orders constitutions and ordinances by our said brother his heirs deputyes Commissioners and assignes from time to time to bee made and established by vertue of and according to the true intent and meaning of these presents and under such condicons reservacons and agreements as our said dearest brother his heirs and assigns shall set downe order direct and appoint and not otherwise as aforesaid And we do further of our Especiall Grace certaine knowledge and meer motion for us our heires and successors give and graunt unto our said deare brother his heirs and assigns by these presents that it shall and may be lawful to and for him them or any of them at all and Every time and times hereafter out of any of our realms or dominions whatsoever to take lead carry and transport in and into their voyages for and towards the Plantacons of our said Territoryes and Islands aforesaid all such and so many of our loving subjects or any other strangers being not prohibited or under restraint that will become our loving subjects and live under our allegiance and shall willingly accompany them in the said voyages together with all such cloathing implements ffurniture and other things usually transported and not prohibited as shall be necessary for the inhabitants of the said Islands and territoryes and for their use and defence thereof and managing and carrying on the trade with the people there and in passing and returning to and fro Yielding and paying to us our heirs and successors the customes and dutyes therefore due and payable according to the Lawes and Customes of this our realme And Wee do also for us our heirs and successors graunt to our said dearest brother James Duke of Yorke his heirs and assignes and to all and every such Governor or Governors Deputyes their Officers or Ministers as by our said brother his heirs or assignes shall bee appointed to have power and authority of government or command in or over the inhabitants of the said Territoryes or Islands that they or every of them shall and lawfully may from time to time and at all times forever hereafter for their severall defence and safety encounter repulse and Expell and resist by force of armes (as well by sea as by land) and all wayes and means whatsoever all such person and persons as without the speciall licence of our dearest brother his heirs and assignes shall attempt to inhabit within the severall precincts and limits of our said Territoryes and Islands and also all and every such person and persons whatsoever as shall enterprize and attempt at any time hereafter the destruccon invasion detriment or

annoyance to the parts places or Islands aforesaid or any part thereof And lastly our will and pleasure is and We do hereby declare and graunt that these our Letters Patents or the enrolment thereof shall bee good and Effectuall in the Law to all intents and purposes whatsoever notwithstanding the not well and true reciting or menconing of the premises or any part thereof or the limits or bounds thereof or of any former or other Letters Patents or graunts whatsoever made or graunted or of any part thereof by us or any of our progenitors unto any person or persons whatsoever bodyes politick or corporate or any law or other restraint incertainty or imperfeccon whatsoever to the contrary in any wise notwithstanding although Expresse mention of the true yearly value or certainty of the premises or of any of them or of any other guifts or graunts by us or by any of our progenitors heretofore made to the said James Duke of Yorke in these presents is not made or any statute act ordinance provision proclamation or restriction heretofore had made enacted or provided or any other matter cause or thing whatsoever to the contrary thereof in any wise notwithstanding. In witnesse whereof Wee have caused these our Letters to bee made Patents Witnesse Our Selfe at Westm. the 29th day of June in the 26th yeare of our reigne. PIGOTT.

THE SECOND CHARTER OF MASSACHUSETTS BAY-1691.* [See "Massachusetts," pages 942-954.]

THE CONSTITUTION OF MAINE-1820.t

We, the people of Maine, in order to establish justice, insure tranquillity, provide for our natural defence, promote our common welfare, and secure to ourselves and our posterity the blessings of liberty, acknowledging, with grateful hearts, the goodness of the Sovereign Ruler of the Universe in affording us an opportunity so favorable to the design, and imploring His aid and direction in its accomplishment, do agree to form ourselves into a free and independent State, by the style and title of the State of Maine, and do ordain and establish the following constitution for the government of the same:

ARTICLE I.

DECLARATION OF RIGHTS.

SECTION 1. All men are born equally free and independent, and have certain natural, inherent, and unalienable rights, among which are those of enjoying and defending life and liberty, acquiring, possessing, and protecting property, and of pursuing and obtaining safety and happiness.

SEC. 2. All power is inherent in the people; all free governments are founded in their authority, and instituted for their benefit; they have, therefore, an unalienable and indefeasible right to institute government, and to alter, reform, or totally change the same, when their safety and happiness require it.

SEC. 3. All men have a natural and unalienable right to worship Almighty God

This charter incorporated the provinces of Maine and of Acadia or Nova Scotia with the colonies of Massachusetts Bay and of Plymouth into "one Royal Province, by the name of the Royal Province of Massachusetts Bay." The right of government thus acquired over the "District of Maine" was exercised by Massachusetts until 1819.

Massachusetts, by an act of her legislature, passed June 19, 1819, submitted the question of sepa ration to the people of Maine, who, on July 19, 1819, gave 17,091 votes in favor of forming an independent State, against 7,132 votes. This constitution was formed by a convention which met at Portland October 11, 1819, and completed its labors October 29, when it adjourned until January 5, 1820, to receive the votes of the people on their work at a special election. The result was the ratification of the constitution, which received 9,040 against 796, in addition to the illegal or unseasonable votes, of which there were 985 for ratification against 77.

according to the dictates of their own consciences, and no one shall be hurt, molested, or restrained in his person, liberty, or estate, for worshipping God in the manner and season most agreeable to the dictates of his own conscience, nor for his religious professions or sentiments, provided he does not disturb the public peace, nor obstruct others in their religious worship; and all persons demeaning themselves peaceably, as good members of the State, shall be equally under the protection of the laws, and no subordination nor preference of any one sect or denomination to another shall ever be established by law, nor shall any religious test be required as a qualification for any office or trust under this State; and all religious societies in this State, whether incorporate or unincorporate, shall at all times have the exclusive right of electing their public teachers, and contracting with them for their support and maintenance.

SEC. 4. Every citizen may freely speak, write, and publish his sentiments on any subject, being responsible for the abuse of this liberty. No laws shall be passed regulating or restraining the freedom of the press; and, in prosecutions for any publication respecting the official conduct of men in public capacity, or the qualifications of those who are candidates for the suffrages of the people, or where the matter published is proper for public information, the truth thereof may be given in evidence; and in all indictments for libels, the jury, after having received the direction of the court, shall have a right to determine, at their discretion, the law and the fact.

SEC. 5. The people shall be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and possessions from unreasonable searches and seizures; and no warrant to search any place, or seize any person or thing, shall issue without a special designation of the place to be searched, and the person or thing to be seized, nor without probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation.

SEC. 6. In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall have a right to be heard by himself and his counsel, or either, at his election; to demand the nature and cause of the accusation, and have a copy thereof; to be confronted by the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor; to have a speedy, public, and impartial trial; and, except in trials by martial law or impeachment, by a jury of the vicinity. He shall not be compelled to furnish or give evidence against himself, nor be deprived of his life, liberty, property, or privileges, but by judgment of his peers, or the law of the land.

SEC. 7. No person shall be held to answer for a capital or infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in cases of impeachment, or in such cases of offences as are usually cognizable by a justice of the peace, or in cases arising in the army or navy, or in the militia when in actual service, in time of war or public danger. The legislature shall provide by law a suitable and impartial mode of selecting juries; and their usual number and unanimity, in indictments and convictions, shall be held indispensable.

SEC. 8. No person for the same offence shall be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb.

SEC. 9. Saguinary laws shall not be passed; all penalties and punishments shall be proportioned to the offence; excessive bail shall not be required nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel nor unusual punishments inflicted.

SEC. 10. All persons, before conviction, shall be bailable except for capital offences, where the proof is evident or the presumption great; and the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, unless when, in cases of rebellion or invasion, the public safety may require it.

SEC. 11. The legislature shall pass no bill of attainder, ex post facto law, nor law impairing the obligation of contracts, and no attainder shall work corruption of blood nor forfeiture of estate.

SEC. 12. Treason against this State shall consist only in levying war against it, adhering to its enemies, giving them aid and comfort. No person shall be convicted of treason, unless on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or confession in open court.

SEC. 13. The laws shall not be suspended, but by the legislature or its authority, SEC. 14. No person shall be subject to corporal punishment under military law, except such as are employed in the army or navy, or in the militia when in actual service, in time of war or public danger.