Ya ya ya yă, yẻ yẽ, yi yì, yō yoo yo, yũ yù yụ, you, yoi.
På på pa pă, pe pě, pi pi, pō poo po,, pū pù pu, pou, poi.
Tā tả tạ tă, tè tè, tí ti, to too tỏ, tū tù tụ, tou, toi.

Kā kā ka kǎ, kẽ kě, ki ki, kō koo ko, kū ku ku, kou, koi.
Fă fä fa fă, fẽ fè, fi fi, fō foo, fò, fù fù fụ, fou, foi.

Thā thả thạ thă, the the, thì thi, thò thoo thò, thũ thủ thụ, thou, thoi.

Sā så sạ sẽ, sẽ sẽ, sĩ sĩ, sẽ sao sẽ, sũ sẽ sụ sou, soi.

Sha shä sha shă, shẽ shě, shi shi, shō shoo sho, shū shu shụ, shou, shoi.

Chā chả chạ chă, chẽ chẽ, chỉ chỉ, chó choo chỗ, chủ chủ chụ, chou, choi.

Xã xả xạ xã, xẽ xẻ, xỉ xi, xã X00 xă, xã xã xu, xou, xoi. Wha whä wha wha, whe whe, whi whi, who whoo who, whu whŭ whụ, whou, whoi.

Hà hà hạ hã, hè hè, hi hi, hò hoo hò, hũ hũ hụ, hoa, hoi.

The pupil who shall learn this under the disadvantage of having no teacher, must be very careful to get the sound of every vowel most perfectly. And in order to do this, he is merely to refer to the syllables used in the tables.

In the next exercise we may introduce the element represented by the letter 'L' between the two elements of each syllable in the foregoing, as follows.

EXERCISE No. 2.

Bla bla bla bla, ble blě, bli bli, blō bloo blo, blū blu blụ, blou, bloi.

Dla dlä dla dlă, dle dlě, dli dlí, dlo dloo dlo, dlu dlu dlu, dlou, dloi.

Glā glä glạ glă, glē glẽ, gli glī, glō gloo glò, glū glŭ glụ,

glou, gloi.

Vla vlä vla vlă, vle vlě, vli vli, vlo vloo vlo, vlů vlu vlụ, vlou, vloi.

Thla tha thla thla, thlẽ thle, thi thli, thlō th oo thlỡ, thlũ thlũ thlụ, thlou, thloi.

Zhla zhlä zhla zhlă, zhlē zhlě, zhli zhli, zhlō zhloo zhlo, &c.

It is not necessary to follow the sub-vowels any further in this connection, as they would not only form syllables somewhat unpronounceable, but combinations most of which never occur in our language.

We proceed then with the same exercise, going at once to the aspirate elements.

Plă plä pla plă, plē plě, pli pli, plō ploo plo, plù plù plu, plou, ploi.

Tla tlä tla tlă, tlē tlě, tlī tlī, tlō tloo tlō, tlū tlù tlụ, tlou, tloi. Klā klä klạ klă, klē klẽ, kli klí, klō kloo klō, klū klŭ klụ, klou, kloi.

Fla flä flạ flă, flē flè, fi flì, flō floo flò, flù filù flu, flou, floi. Thla thlä thla thla, thle thlě, thli, thli, thlō thloo thlo, thlu thlu thlu, thlou, thloi.

Sla slä sla slă, slē slě, slī slī, slō sloo slō, slū slu slu, slou, sloi. Shla shlä shlạ shlă, shlē shle, shli shli, shlō shloo shlo, shlū shlu shly, shlou, shloi, &c.

The rest of the aspirates may safely be omitted for the reasons given for omitting the use of many sub-vowels in this connection. The letter 'R' may next be used in place of 'L,' and then we shall have

EXERCISE No. 3.

Brā brä bra bră, brē brě, brī bri, brō broo brò, brū brù brụ, brou broi.

Drā drä dra dră, drē drě, drī dri, drō droo drò, drū dră drụ, drou, droi.

Grāgrä gra gră, grē grè, grī gri, grō groo grò, grū grũ, grou, groi. Vrā vrä vra vră, vrē vrě, vri vrì, vrõ vroo vrò, vrũ vrù vrụ, vrou, vroi.

Thra thra thra thră, thrẽ thre, thri thri, thrō throo thro, thru thru thrụ, throu throi.

Zrā zrä zrą zră, zrē zrě, zri zrí, zrō zroo zrŏ, zrů zrů zrụ, zrou, zroi.

Zhra zhrä zhrą zhră, zhrē zhrě, zhrī zhrĩ, zhrō zhroo zhrō, zhrū zhru zhru, zhrou, zhroi.

Then we use the aspirates.

Pra prä pra pră, pre prě, pri pri, pro proo pro, prù prù prụ, prou, proi.

Trà trả tra trả, trẻ trẻ, tri tri, trò troo trò, trù trũ trụ, trou, troi. Krā krä krą kră, krē krě, kri kri, krō kroo krõ, krū krů krụ, krou, kroi.

Fra frå fra fră, frē frè, fri frí, frō froo frò, frù frù frụ, frou, froi. Thra thra thra thră, thre thre, thri thri, thrō throo thro, thru thru thrụ, throu, throi.

Srā sra sra sră, srē srè, srī sri, srō sroo sro, srū srù srụ, srou, sroi.

Shra shrä shra shra, shre shrě, shri shri, shrō shroo shro, shru shru shrụ, shrou, shroi.

CHAPTER V.

LIST OF WORDS DISPLAYING THE USE OF ALL THE ELEMENTS-ANALYSIS OF

SYLLABLES-STRESS.

In the following list of words the use of all the elements is seen; and the principle upon which they were selected shows the vowel elements placed successively in contact with the different sub-vowels and aspirates. In the first column, for instance, the vowel element a is used before and after the various sub-vowels and aspirates. It is represented by various signs; but whether it be by a, ai, ei, or any other letter or combination of letters, ever employed for that purpose, still it is the same element, and can only be pronounced in one way. In the second column the second sound of A (ä), as in 'arm,' and whatever may be the sign by which this element is represented it is still the same sound; thus, 'ua' in its sign in the word 'guard,' 'ea' in the word 'heart,' &c., but the same element is meant. In the third column the element 'a' is given, the third sound of A,' sometimes represented by 'a' as in 'walks,' sometimes by 'au,' and 'ou,' 'ua,' &c., but pronounced alike. This, then, is a guide to the pronunciation of

the same sounds; and such a table might easily be constructed to embrace all the sub-vowel and aspirate elements. But as they are far less likely to be mistaken or mispronounced, than the vowel sounds, because less variously represented, this step has been thought unnecessary.

LIST OF WORDS DISPLAYING THE USE OF ALL THE VOWEL