international spirit, and the method of inculcating an appreciation of the duties and obligations implied therein, became the first work of the committee.

It was agreed that good-will is the fundamental principle underlying international harmony, and that consequently the inculcation of this idea should form the fundamental basis of any plan which the committee might work out. If we can arouse the spirit of good-will in children through all the years of school, we shall be working directly for peace among the nations. Good-will in little children expresses itself through kindness and helpfulness at home and in school, and loyalty to these simple ties can spread circle by circle in the child's growth till it reaches the goal of good-will among all men.

To teach good-will as an abstract ideal, however, is not the aim of the committee. The aim is rather to promote action, prompted by an appreciation of the obligations of a citizen who takes his part in the development of modern civilization. Definite action is the key-note of the plan.

As soon as a child is old enough to be conscious of ties outside his own being, he begins his life as a member of society, with duties and obligations. These outside relations form the incipient beginnings of citizenship. A child is a little citizen in his own sphere, which gradually widens until he assumes the functions of a citizen in its broad sense. His first consciousness of relation to others develops in his contact with home life; his next important activity concerns himself as a member of the school; then as a member of his city and state; as a citizen of his country; and finally as a member of the larger social group, the world.

The committee has prepared a course in citizenship which is designed to cover the first eight grades of school. The early grades are devoted to the ties of home life; the next proceed with the school and the playground; then the city and state; the nation; and the world. The course leads the pupil into the study of international rights and obligations. He is taught to appreciate other peoples and other civilizations, and to understand the special mission of the United States in world progress.

The committee is now collecting suitable material for each grade from history, literature, geography, and civics to illustrate these lessons. Such material will be printed in book form, one for each grade of school, together with the full outline for all the grades.

The League recommends, as a particularly fitting method for inculcating the idea of international friendliness, the observance in the schools of the anniversary of the opening of the First Hague Conference, the 18th of May. Last year, at the request of United States Commissioner of Education, the Secretary of the League prepared material for the observance of the 18th of May. This was published as a Bulletin of the Federal Bureau of Education, and was called for to the extent of about fifty thousand copies. This year the Secretary has compiled another Peace Day Bulletin, much larger and more comprehensive, which is again published by the Federal Bureau of Education. Many school boards have ordered a sufficient number of these Bulletins to supply their teachers, and it is expected that the edition this year will reach a hundred thousand.

The League's third line of action is its effort to secure the interest of teachers in all countries in the movement for international co-operation. Following the three European trips of the Secretary, plans have proceeded in the formation of an International Council of Education. These plans, however, have developed in a new direction during the past year. To many people, the organization of an International Council of Education seemed such an important matter, possessed of such great opportunities for the advancement of education in general, that it seemed wise to make this a governmental affair. As such, it will embody the whole range of educational problems. The plan proposed is to hold an international conference on education which shall have two objects: first, to discuss educational questions which are of common interest to the educators of different nations; and second, to organize a permanent International Council of Education.

At the request of the American School Peace League, United States Commissioner Claxton presented the matter to the Department of State, and at the suggestion of the United

States Government, the Dutch Government has invited the nations to participate in a conference to convene at The Hague in September, 1913. Our Government has accepted the invitation, and has submitted the following tentative program:

1. A method by which the standard educational literature in different countries may be made accessible to teachers of other countries.

2. The international exchange of university professors, public school teachers and students, as a method of becoming acquainted with the life and institutions of other countries. 3. Principles of citizenship which may be taught as common to all countries.

4. Instruction in foreign languages.

5. The training of teachers.

6.

7.

The relation of the home and the school.
Co-education.

8. The relation of teachers' associations to school

authorities.

9.

10.

11.

Problems relating to school hygiene.

The teaching of history.

Vocational education.

The vocational aim in education.

Continuation schools.

Agricultural education.

12. Cosmopolitan clubs in colleges.

13. The organization of a permanent International Council of Education.

The International Council of Education will have two main functions:

1. To offer a means by which the educational authorities in one country may be kept abreast of the educational progress in other countries, serving in this capacity as a bureau of exchange and also as a bureau for the translation and exchange of standard educational literature. To make the bureau efficient and authentic, permanent committees of investigation and research should be constantly at work.

2. To arrange biennial or triennial conferences on education.

This educational conference and the permanent International Council of Education will not only make for the uplift of education, but for a spirit of union among the peoples. The coming together of the representatives of the nations will result in a common knowledge of the purposes which each nation has at heart, for through the educational system of a country one can understand its ideals. It can not be doubted that a systematic effort to understand one another educationally will foster mutual respect and good-will among the nations. The International Council of Education will, therefore, be a substantial contribution to the effort to secure the peace of the world.

The American School Peace League stands for citizenship, consistent with the ideals of international comity, and it seeks the support of every teacher in the world. A measurable period of scientific, vigorous activity, as outlined in the plans of the League, would produce a state of mind throughout the world which would make international war impossible, and would produce standards in education consistent with the highest development of the human race.

MR. BLEWETT:

We people assembled here tonight are in the distinguished position of acting as the preliminary meeting of the Fourth American Peace Congress, which assembles this week in our city.

You have in your hands, I presume, the program for al of these meetings. If you have had opportunity to look them over you understand how rich a treat is offered to the citizens of St. Louis in the subjects of the program and the men and women who are to speak upon these subjects. I am permitted to extend from this platform the invitation that has been extended cordially through the newspapers, an invitation to the citizens to be present at any and all of these meetings which they may be able to attend. Our city has, I think, a great opportunity to show its interest in a movement which is bound to exert a great influence on the future life of the world.

THE CONGRESS

FIRST GENERAL SESSION

ADDRESSES OF CHAIRMAN SMITH, GOVERNOR MAJOR, MAYOR KIEL, ANDREW CARNEGIE, PRESIDENT BARTHOLDT and DR. TRUEBLOOD

Thursday Morning, May 1, at 10 o'clock.

THE ODEON

HON. RICHARD BARTHOLDT, Presiding

A voluntary on the grand organ preceded the formal opening of the Congress. James E. Smith, former president of The Business Men's League, chairman of the Executive Committee of the Congress, called the delegates to order.

MR. SMITH:

Our Distinguished Guests, the Honorable Delegates, Ladies and Gentlemen:-As a citizen of St. Louis, I am proud of this large gathering of distinguished people from all parts of the Western Hemisphere who have honored us with their presence on this important and memorable occasion. It seems to me a hopeful augury that so large an assemblage of earnest, thoughtful people have thus come together for the purpose of furthering a cause which should appeal to every humane human being.

It is fitting and appropriate that the opening of this Fourth American Peace Congress in St. Louis should so closely follow the celebration of yesterday over the dedication of the Memorial to Thomas Jefferson, in commemoration of the purchase of the Louisiana Territory, in that the acquisition of that extensive domain secured from France by Jefferson, was one of the greatest transfers of territory recorded in history and that this great transaction was accomplished entirely through peaceful methods, thus demonstrating the force and truth of