work for the Advocate of Peace. I have found it so in my work, as I said, and I would not like to do without it. I would like to see a paper with short discussions, and illustrations, for the worker who has not time to sit down and read these long articles. It is another type of publication for another type of readers, and yet there is a large field for the Advocate of Peace, I think, and it ought to receive aid for the great work it has done in the past. I have seen the need in California for the Advocate of Peace, and the other publication we need too, but I don't know where the money is coming from to publish it.

DIRECTOR CALL:

Of course, we must not forget that a great deal of that popular presentation is going on all the time, through the popular magazines. The newspapers are taking up our work with increased avidity, as you know. If you could sit in a chair in the Colorado Building in Washington, and see the press clippings that come in from all over this country, representing the change in public opinion away from the institution of war to the institution of justice, you would have an idea of what is being done in that line.

This meeting this afternoon has demonstrated exactly what might be expected of the value of just such a conference. One of the great weaknesses of the movement is that we do not know each other. To hear you get up here and talk, and to get your point of view, to hear your voices and look into your eyes, is stimulating to me. I go out from the meeting with the feeling that I have gotten something I could not have gotten in any other way. I am sorry the United States is so big that we can not have meetings like these at least once a year. I am not sure but what we ought to get up a fund to pay the expenses of the workers in the field, so that they might get together for one, two, or three days, once a year, for the purpose of discussing the practical problems of the field. To me this has been the most stimulating and the best meeting I have attended. I think good things will come out of it. In this way we get a complete understanding of each other, and it is very interesting to me, for example, that Mr. Humphreys should take the attitude he did this afternoon, and that Mr. Hunt should be here,

and we should get acquainted with their views. Mr. Humphreys is not here, but if he were I would say the same thing. He has not felt that the organized peace movement was a very effective organization. He has not, therefore, been very much in sympathy with our work. He believes in an adequate army and navy. Well, I don't know, but what we all believe in an adequate army and navy. I don't know what “adequate" means, but while Mr. Humphreys considers and while the Navy League of the United States considers an adequate navy to be larger than the one we now have, I hope their conception is not some such topheavy military system as is burdening the nations of Europe today.

MR. WEATHERLEY:

Why say the nations of Europe? Why not say the Orient? DIRECTOR CALL:

What I want to say is that this has been an inspiration to me, and I am glad we could have such a meeting, and I hope we will have others like it in the future.

INTER-AMERICAN RELATIONS

SECTION MEETING

Thursday Afternoon, May 1, at 2 o'clock

ST. LOUIS UNIVERSITY AUDITORIUM

HON. RICHARD BARTHOLDT, Presiding

MR. BARTHOLDT:

Ladies and Gentlemen-The representatives of the LatinAmerican countries, who are honoring us with their presence, prefer to speak to you from the ground floor.

In opening this meeting, I wish to say that there is probably some misunderstanding in regard to these meetings on the part of the public. I suppose the newspapers have failed to report the fact that these section meetings are all free to the general public, and that is probably one of the reasons why, in this present instance, the quality of those present will have to make up for the lack of quantity. It was our intention to honor the presence of the diplomats of the Latin-American countries by a large crowd, but under the circumstances I venture to express the hope that they will not judge our cordial friendship for them by the slim attendance of this meeting. I hope they will go back to Washington with the feeling and assurance that our hearts beat warmly for all the people living south of us. We want them to be satisfied that we consider them as being on a basis of absolute equality with us. We can not and do not claim any superiority simply because we are a stronger and more populous nation. And we want them in return to respect and appreciate us, not because we are more powerful, but because the sentiments of their North American friends are worthy of their respect and appreciation.

I believe we have paid too little attention to the great countries south of us; at least, in the past. Let us hope that with the completion of the Panama Canal a change will come

upon us; that we will look upon our Latin co-laborers as our friends and neighbors, and will cultivate their friendship, will increase our mutual trade relations, and, above all, unite upon a common basis our future peaceful relations.

It was a splendid idea, in my judgment, that at the last Baltimore Peace Conference the name of this organization was changed from the National Peace Conference to the American Peace Conference. That means not only the United States, but it means America, North and South. It means, in other words, these meetings will in the future be truly Pan-American conferences.

Now, I take very great pleasure in introducing to you, as the first speaker, Señor Don Ignacio Calderon, the Minister of Bolivia to the United States, who is one of the most popular guests; they are all popular in Washington, but Señor Don Ignacio Calderon is one of the most popular speakers in the National Capital.

Our International Opportunity

SENOR DON IGNACIO CALDERON, Minister of Bolivia

Ladies and Gentlemen-I do not expect to take much of your time, but only make a few remarks to express my satisfaction to have on this occasion the honor of voicing, as a Delegate from Bolivia, the sentiments of its government and people of unreserved adherence to the great cause of international peace, advocated in this Fourth American Peace Congress.

My country, in common with all the other republics of South America, has had its periods of painful internal disturbances, and in consequence thereof we have been deprived of our sea coast and suffered the loss of much valuable territory; but the lessons of that hard experience has had its salutary influence; we are now orderly and peaceful, pursuing the task of developing our means of transportation to make available the abundant resources with which Bolivia is blessed. We are struggling to have easy and cheap communications between the high plateau where our immense mineral wealth

is centered with the extensive eastern grazing plains and the great tropical forests over which nature has spread such bountiful variety of products; but railway construction is not an easy matter where the highest and most rugged chains of mountains bisect the country in all its length and when over an area of more than three times as large as that of the German Empire we have scarcely two and a half million inhabitants. We feel the necessity and are anxious to receive the current and vitalizing influence of immigration, that is doing so much for some of our neighboring republics and has done so much for the United States. Therefore we are perhaps in a situation to appreciate more keenly the importance and beneficent influence of international peace. The republics of this continent having established the legal equality of men, discarding the unjustifiable class privileges that in the Old World has been the cause of many wars, have opened their territories to the peoples of Europe and invited them to find in democratic America free and happy homes.

That the Western Hemisphere is even now the most advanced exponent of the practice of international peace is very plain. We need not go back to those long centuries of interminable wars that have cursed the old world nations; but just let us look, say to the time elapsed from the last half of the 19th century to our own days, and will find a remarkable showing.

The United States has had only one international war from 1850 to this day, and that war is very much to its credit as it was fought in order to help Cuba obtain its liberty and independence. In South America we have had two international wars; one between Brazil, Uruguay and Argentine against Paraguay, and the other between Bolivia and Peru against Chile. During the same period, commencing with the Crimean war, we have seen in Europe many a bloody conflict, some of them having been carried into Asia, Africa and even to America, when the invasion of Mexico, in the unfortunate attempt to establish there an Empire, and the sending of a fleet of Spanish men of war to the Pacific in the wild dream of reconquering the former colonies.