opponents of the administration, and disputes immediately arose between them and the Governor.

23. The court of chancery, in which Mr. Burnet presided. had become exceedingly unpopular. It had been instituted without the concurrence of the Assembly, and some of its decisions had given great offence to influential individuals. The Assembly passed resolutions intimating that its decrees were void, and declaring the court a "manifest oppression and grievance." Mr. Burnet immediately dissolved the Assembly. In the spring, however, an ordinance was passed to remedy certain abuses and to reduce the fees of the court. 24. Mr. Burnet was shortly afterwards appointed Governor of Massachusetts, and was succeeded by Col. Montgomery in New York. His short administration was only distinguished by his love of ease, which so absorbed his attention that he had no time to devote to public affairs. He died in 1731, and the executive authority devolved upon Rip Van Dam, the senior member of the council. During his administration the French were permitted to erect a fort at Crown Point, within the limits of New York, which became a source of constant annoyance, being a rallying-point for. hostile bands of Indians.

25. In August, 1732, Van Dam was superseded by William Crosby, who was at first popular, on account of having defended the colonies in the British Parliament; but he soon lost the affections of the people by his encroachments on the liberty of the press. He prosecuted Zenger, the printer of a newspaper, for publishing an article which he thought derogatory to the dignity of his Majesty's gov ernment. For printing the offensive article Zenger was thrown in prison, and not brought to trial until after the lapse of thirty-five weeks. He was ably defended by An

23. What is said of the court of chancery? What was the action of the Assembly in respect to it?

24. Who succeeded Mr. Burnet? How was his administration distinguished! What took place during Rip Van Dam's administration?

25. Who succeeded Van Dam ? What is said of his administration?

drew Hamilton, the eminent Quaker-lawyer of Philadelphia, and acquitted.

26. In 1736, Crosby was succeeded by George Clark. During his administration the contest between the Governor and the Assembly was revived. It was the Governor's wish to control the public revenue; the Assembly declared that the moneys raised should be applied to the extinguishment of certain specific debts, and refused to appropriate any sum for any length of time, or for any purpose, except as in their judgment they thought right. The Assembly was dissolved; but a new Assembly was no more tractable, and for a time the Governor yielded and promised his cordial co-operation in all measures calculated to promote the prosperity of the colony. Harmony did not long continue. At the next session the Assembly, persisting in its refusal to raise a revenue for a longer period than one year, was again dissolved.

27. In 1740 the Assembly again met, and still continued their opposition to the Governor's wishes. Their resolute adherence to their views of duty and right was construed by the Governor into a desire for independence, and in a speech delivered in 1741 he alludes to a "jealousy which for some years had obtained in England, that the plantations were not without thoughts of throwing off their de pendence on the crown."

28. Clark was superseded in the government by George Clinton, in 1743. Like most of the governors, he was received with joy by the people. But, more fortunate than the greater number, he seems to have retained his popularity by timely concessions to the popular will. To manifest his confidence in the people, he gave his assent to a bill limiting the duration of the present and all succeeding Assemblies. The Assembly, actuated by a similar desire

26. What is said of the controversy between Governor Clark and the Assem bly?

27. What charge does Governor Clark bring against them in 1741 ?

28. Who succeeded Clark? In what year? What can you tell about his ad ministration ?

to promote the public welfare, readily adopted the measures he recommended for the defence of the colony against the French, who were then at war with England. In 1745 the Indian allies of France made frequent incursions into New York, as well as the other English colonies. Their depredations continued, with little intermission, until the termination of the French dominion in Canada.

29. At the commencement of the French and Indian war of 1754, the population of the colony of New York did not exceed one hundred thousand.

CHAPTER XIX.

NEW ENGLAND CONFEDERATION, RESUMED.

1675-1754.

King Philip's War-Sir Edmund Andros-Charters SuppressedConnecticut Charter Oak-End of the Confederacy-Old Charters Revived-Massachusetts and Plymouth United-Queen Anne's War-Witchcraft.

1. THE public manifestations of loyalty to Charles II. throughout New England, after the Restoration, were more in appearance than reality. There was a general apprehension pervading the minds of a large majority of the people, that their chartered rights would not be regarded by this monarch. It is true he had confirmed the charter of Massachusetts, yet he had done it in a way, and with qualifications, which increased this apprehension. In his act of confirmation he required a toleration of the Church of England, and dispensed with colonial church membership as a qualification to hold office.

2. These apprehensions were still more increased upon the arrival, not long after, of a board of Royal Commis

29. What was the population of the colony of New York in 1754?

CHAPTER XIX.-1. What is said of the manifestations of loyalty to Charles II. in New England? In confirming the charter of Massachusetts, what changes did he make?

2. What is said of the board of commissioners? On what matters did dis putes arise between this board and Massachusetts? What put a temporary quiet to these disputes ?

sioners, who were sent over, on some pretext or other, to determine certain civil as well as military matters in each of the colonies of the confederation, and also to Rhode Island. They were to look after the peace and security of the whole country generally. These commissioners met with a very jealous reception in Massachusetts, much more so than in Plymouth, Connecticut, or Rhode Island. A very serious dispute soon arose between them and the General Court of Massachusetts, about her claim of jurisdiction over New Hampshire. The commissioners returned to England without any satisfactory adjustment of this dispute. Massachusetts was cited to appear by agents or attorneys, to answer in England certain complaints alleged against her by them. This she neglected to do, and matters were assuming quite a serious aspect in that quarter, when a new trouble arose, which diverted attention tem

had always been a warm friend of the English; but he

3. Who was King Philip? What is said of the cause of his hatred to the col unies?

was far from sharing the feeling of his father. He concealed his hatred, and went silently to work maturing a plan by which he hoped to be able to exterminate all the colonists. The cause of his hatred was the wrongs which, as he complained, had been inflicted upon his brother and upon others of his tribe, who were put to death after being tried and found guilty of murder, by a jury composed of colonists and Indians. This was done under an Indian treaty with the Confederation, and he complained that it all came from the controlling influence of the whites.

4. For five years Philip labored diligently in inducing other tribes to join in a league for the destruction of the whites. At the end of that time he found that he could bring three thousand warriors into the field. The war began by an attack upon Swanzey, in Plymouth, in June, 1675. The Confederation stood together in the common defence. The war was waged with great fury and various success until August, 1676, when it was terminated by the death of Philip, the destruction of his tribe, the Wampanoags, the destruction of the Nipmucks and the Narragansetts, and the captivity of Philip's wife and son, yet a lad. His son was taken to Boston, and there it was debated whether he should be put to death or sold into slavery. This youth, the last prince of the Wampanoags, the grandson of Massasoit, the lifelong friend of the colonists, was adjudged by the authorities to be sold as a slave, and was ordered to be sent out and so disposed of in Bermuda.

5. The loss of the Confederation in this war was very great. Six hundred of the inhabitants, composing a large portion of its military strength, were either killed in battle or otherwise lost. Twelve or thirteen towns were destroyed, and

4. How long was he striving to stir up strife between the two races? Where and when did the war begin? When did it end? What was its result: What became of King Philip's son ? What was the pop

5. What was the loss of the Confederation in the war ? lation of the Confederation at this time?