ity of the bowels, while iron enriches the impoverished blood with red corpuscles, and together with calisaya, gives increased tone and vitality to the system generally.

Each fluid ounce contains one-hundreth of a grain of strychnia

Cantharidal Ascetic Rubefacient.

A convenient and efficient instrument to produce counter-irritation when it is desired to occasion merely redness or inflammatiou of the skin. Offered as a substitute for the ordinary irritants, such as mustard.

Cantharidal Ascetic Vesicant.

An energetic and reliable epispatic. On account of the facility of application, certainty of effect, and slightness of pain, no agent is equal to cantharides for causing vesication when applied to the skin. Applicable to those conditions when it is desirable to substitute a mild and easily managed disease for an internal and intractable one; when a desiderative influence is required, and the absorbents, the circulation and the whole system need stimulation and increased vigor by external means. It is recom· mended to physicians as the most prompt blistering article in use.

Cantharidal Collodion.

"It produces a blister in about the same time as the ordinary cerate, and has the advantages that it is applied with greater facility, is better adapted to cover uneven surfaces, and retains its place with more certainty." On application, evaporation of the ether takes place in less than a minute, and it may then be reapplied if necessary.

Cerium, Oxalate of

Nervine tonic and sedative. Prof. Simpson, of Edinburgh, speaks of it as almost a specific in chorea. It has been extravagantly lauded in chronic vomiting, and that attendant on phthisis, hysteria, pyrosis, and atonic dyspepsia; while in the vomiting of pregnancy it has been found more successful than any other remedy. Dr. Waring speaks of its therapeutic uses as follows: "In chronic intestinal eruptions, a peculiar and intractable form of disease for which arsenic and nitrate of silver are generally prescribed, Dr. Simpson employed the salt of cerium with marked advantage. In irritable dyspepsia, attended with gastralgia, pyrosis, and chronic vomiting, its exhibition was attended with satisfactory results. In the vomiting of pregnancy it affords prompt relief. Further testimony in favor of the oxalate, especially in

Ar

"In epilepsy, chorea, and other allied convulsive diseases in the latter condition, is adduced by Dr. C. Lee. It seems well worthy of further trials.

which the nitrate of silver is generally employed, it deserves a trial; for as Prof. Simpson remarks, it is certainly attended with this advantage, that at the same time it acts as a sedative and tonic, its use may be persevered in without any fear of discoloration of the skin."

Dose, one grain two or three times daily, dissolved in water.

Chloroform.

When equal volumes of pure chloroform and colorless sulphuric acid are shaken together in a glass stoppered bottle, there should be no color imparted to either liquid or but a faint tinge of color imparted to the acid after twelve hours standing-neither should there be any heat sensible to the hand developed at the time of mixing. Chloroform, as it evaporates from bibulous paper, should give out little foreign odor, and that only as the last portion is passing off. Chloroform should not be used for inhalation without having been subjected to these tests. No other should be used for inhalation.

Collodion Surgical.

Useful in wounds to keep the edges together. It forms also, a coating, and has been applied in abrasions and burns. In operative surgery it has been employed with remarkable success to hasten the process of healing by the first intention.

Ether, Compound Spirits of
(Hoffman's Anodyne.)

This article is strictly officinal, it contains the officinal proportion of etherial oil. The commercial article contains a variable proportion of etherial oil. It possesses a wide range in thera peutics.Hoffman's Anodyne," remarks Pereira, "possesses the stimulating powers of ether with anodyne properties. It is a very useful remedy in cases of general unrest, inability to sleep, &c., depending on nervous irritation from pain, weakness, or other causes. Given in combination with morphia, it aids it and appears to prevent some of its unpleasant effects. Hoffman's Anodyne is also very useful as a carminative, probably exceeding in this respect any of the aromatics. In cases of flatulence, depending upon nervous disturbance (hysteria, &c.) it is especially useful."

Dr. Waring speaks of its utility in spasmodic affections of the

bowels, in typhus and other low fevers, and in spasmodic asthma in combination with opium or henbane, adding: "In earache, exposing the ear to the fumes of spts. ether is often attended with great relief. It may be effected by mixing equal parts of the spirits and hot water in a vial and applying its aperture to the external ear. Hiccough is often immediately arrested by xx-xxx minims of spts. ether in drs. x of some aromatic water.

Dose, one-half to one fluid dram in sweetened water.

Hypophosphites.

Lime; Soda; Potassa; Iron; Manganese; Ammonia.

These salts are recommended as eminently serviceable in the treatment of phthisis. Their efficacy is supposed to depend on the phosphorus imparted to the system. Dr. Churchill, of Paris, has prescribed them in pulmonary tuberculosis with satisfactory results. But their utility does not appear to be limited to this disease.

The pathology of many diseases which have their origin in the nerves would indicate a diminution of the phosphoric principle and demand these remedies. They appear to be the indicated agents in that class of maladies characterized by a want of nervous tone, and in some types of mental aberrance they prove the desideratum. In many cases of defective osseous formation and impairment of the vital power of the whole system these remedies may be employed.

Phosphorus constitutes an important element in the human economy. It is found in the brain, nerves, blood, tissues, &c., and when there exists a deficient quantity morbid symptoms are induced, which can be discussed only by re-supplying the system. The hypophosphites are now acknowledged the most direct medium of accomplishing this purpose.

Hypophosphites, Syrup of

Compounded of Lime, Soda, Potassa and Iron.

The object of this syrup is to meet the demands of many complicated diseases, which will succumb to no single remedy, but which require both the phosphoric, iron, and the alterative treatment. Its medical employment appears to be preeminently suitable to some anemic conditions, conjoined with certain types of low nervous vigor; in a few cases where the system is known as "run down," a debilitated condition to which it is often difficult to give a name, and it is regarded as particularly beneficial in debili. ty from prolonged lactation. Mr. Taylor used the hypophosphites with much success in catarrhal and leucorrheal discharges, neuralgia and muscular pains, simulating inflammation. The deficiency

of phosphate of lime occasionally brings on fever of dentition, and in this Mr. Taylor employed them with marked success. The iron element renders this syrup peculiarly applicable to weakly, ill-fed children, or atonic cases generally.

Hypophosphites, Syrup of

Lime and Soda,-Churchill's.

The Boston Medical and Surgical Journal, vol. 55, sums up the views of Dr. Churchill concerning this remedy in the following words:--

แ

According to Dr. Churchill, the immediate cause, or at least, an essential condition of the tuberculous diathesis is a diminution in the economy of the amount of phosphorus existing in a state capable of oxygenation. The specific remedy for the disease consists in the employment of some preparation of phosphorus which offers the double condition of being immediately assimilable, and, at the same time, of being in the least possible degree of oxygenation. The hypophosphites of soda and lime are the preparations which appear to best unite these two conditions.

"These salts may be administered indifferently, in doses varying from two to forty-five grains daily. The maximum dose usually employed by Dr. Churchill is fifteen grains daily for adults. According to him they have an immediate action on the tuberculous diathesis, causing all the general symptoms to disappear with a rapidity truly marvellous. When the morbid deposit is recent, when softening has only just begun, or is not rapid in its progress, the tubercles are absorbed and disappear without leaving a trace. the disease is of longer standing, and the softening has considerably advanced, it sometimes continues in spite of the treatment, and the issue of the disease depends upon the anatomical condition of the lesion, upon its extent, and especially upon the presence or absence of complications.

If

"Mr. Churchill thinks that the hypophosphites act in two ways; on the one hand, they reinforce the principle, whatever it be, constituting the nervous power; on the other, they are essentially blood-generating in their nature, far surpassing, in this respect, every thing hitherto known. They possess in a high degree all the therapeutic effects attributed, by former observers to phosphorus, without any of the dangers which have caused that substance to fall into neglect.

"The number of cases of phthisis treated by Mr. Churchill amounts to 35, all of which were in the second or third stage that is, with tubercles in the process of softening, or with cavities, of this number 9 have been completely cured, in 8 of which the physicial signs have disappeared, in 11 cases there was great

improvement, and 14 have died. One is still under treatment."

Hypophosphite of Iron, Syrup of

These

Alterative, tonic and blood-restorer. Phosphorus alone has acquired a reputation in chronic convulsive disorders, and in the treatment of epilepsy. Given in small doses it is said to excite the nervous, vascular, and secretory organs; to increase the fullness and frequency of the pulse, to augment the temperature, to heighten the mental faculties and the muscular powers &c. are some of the results which are produced by phosphorus; then by combining with it iron, we have a valuable remedy for most cases of anæmia. The syrup of the hypophosphite of iron is an excellent medicine in most cases when a blood restorer is indicated. Most cases of debility requiring tonics, alteratives, or hæmatinics will respond favorably to its use. The peculiar advantage derived from the hypophosphite of iron above other ferruginous preparations, is that it meets most favorably the requirements of the economy when there exists a deficiency of phosphorus that should normally be found in the blood, tissues, &c., accompanied with great prostration and langour. It presents the system phosphorus both in an assimilable and oxidizable form, and at the same time subjects it to the toning influence of a chalybeate. Dose, one to four drams, three times a day.

Hypophosphite of Iron and Manganese,
Syrup of

Many physicians consider this combination a remedy superior to iron in cases where this metal is indicated. Dr. Speer, of Edinburgh, introduced these two agents, to the profession, in the form of saccharated carbonates, and extravagantly praised the remedial utility of the product, claiming as advantages absence from the constipating tendency of some ferruginous preparations and an action more satisfactory than either agent alone is capable of effecting. His opinion has since been confirmed by a large number of practitioners and is supported by testimony too strong to be shaken.

This new preparation combines these same advantages and many more which have already been enumerated under the head of hypophosphites. The wide range of diseases to which it is eminently adapted is so obvious, that an enumeration of the legion is deemed unnecessary.

In an editorial of the North American Medical Reporter, May, 1859, the writer discoursing on the medicinal value of manganese, says:---