turn of the whole fentence, and of the constructive parts'; fuch as noun answering to noun, verb to verb, member to member, negative to negative, interrogative to interrogative. Praife ye Jehovah, ye of the earth; Ye fea-monsters, and all deeps: Fire and hail, fnow and vapour, &c. Pf. cxiviii. 7. Is fuch then the faft which I choose? That a man should afflict his foul for a day? Is it, that he should bow down his head like a bulruh; And spread fackcloth and afhes for his couch, &c. Ifa. Iviii. 5, 6. In thefe inftances it is to be obferved, that though there are perhaps no two lines correfponding one with another as equivalent or oppofite in terms; yet there is a parallelifm equally apparent, and almot as ftriking, which arifes from the fimilar form and equality of the lines, from the correfpondence of the members and the conftruction; the confequence of which is a harmony and rhythm little inferior in effect to that of the two kinds pre ceding. "Of the three different forts of parallels, as above explained, every one hath its peculiar character and proper effect and therefore they are differently employed on different occafions... Synonymous parallels have the appearance of art and concinnity, and a studied elegance. They prevail chiefly in fhorter poems; in many of the Pfalms; in Balaam's prophecies; frequently in thofe of Ifaiah, which are most of them diftin&t poems of no great length. The antithetic parallelifm gives an acuteness and force to adages and moral fentences; and therefore abounds in Solomon's proverbs, and elsewhere The is not often to be met with. poem of Job, being on a large plan, and in a high tragic ftyle, though very exact in the divifion of the lines, and in the parallelifm, and affording many fine examples of the fynonymous kind, yet confifts chiefly of the conftructive. A happy mixture of the feveral forts gives an agreeable variety; and they ferve mutually to recommend and fet off one another." He next confiders the distinction of Hebrew verles into longer and fhorter, founded alfo on the authority of the alphabetic poems; one third of the whole number being manifeftly of the larger fort of verfe, the rest of the shorter. He does not attempt exactly to define, by the number of syllables, of verfe from the other; ail that the limit which feparates one fort three poems perfectly alphabetical, he affirms is this; that one of the into its verfes; and three of the and therefore infallibly divided nine other alphabetical poems, divided into their verfes, after the manner of the perfectly aphabetical, with the greatest degree of being the four firft Lamentations of probability; that thefe four poems, Jeremiah, fall into verfes about one third longer, taking them one other eight alphabetical poems.-with another, than thofe of the Example of thefe long verfes from poem perfectly alphabetical: a I am the man, that hath feen affliction, by the rod of his anger: He hath led me, and made me walk in darknefs, and not in light,' &c. Lam. iii. 1-4. Examples of the fame fort of verfe, where the limits of the verses are to be collected only from the poetical construction of the fentences: The The law of Jehovah is perfect, restoring the foul: The teftimony of Jehovah is fure, making wife the fimple,' &c. Pf. xix. 7. A found of a multitude in the mountains, as of many people; A found of the tumult of kingdoms, of nations gathered together,' Ifa. xiii. 4. The learned prelate having eftablished, on the grounds we have already mentioned, his opinion concerning the compofition of the prophetical writings, proceeds to point out the very important advantages which are to be derived from this fource, both to the tranflator and interpreter of the fcriptures. Flatnefs, he obferves, and infipidity, will generally be the confequences of a deviation from the native manner of an original, which has a real merit and a peculiar force of its own. To exprefs therefore the form and fashion of the compofition becomes as neceffary in a tranflation, as to give the author's fenfe with fidelity and exactness: but with what fuccefs can this be attempted, when the tranflator himself has an inadequate or even falfe idea of the real character of the author, as a writer; of the general nature and of the peculiar form of the compofition? He next proves, in a number of examples, that this attention to the peculiar turn and caft of the original, may be of ftill greater use to the interpreter, by leading him into the meaning of obfcure words and phrafes, and by fuggefting the true reading where the text is corrupted. With regard to the fidelity of the tranflation now offered to the public, the excellent author has entered very largely into the principles of criticifm, and the method of interpretation, on which he has proceeded. It would be impoffible to do juftice to this part of his differtation without tranfcribing the whole; we fhall therefore content ourselves with faying, that the principal objects of his invaluable obfervations are, the Maforetic punctuation, the ftate of the Hebrew text, and the ancient verfions of the Old Testament. The article from our very refpe&able correfpondent at Liverpool, was, by fome accident, mislaid; but shall be inferted in the next volume.. VOL. XXII. CON Retrospective view of American affairs in the year 1778. Expedition to Bedford, Fair Haven; and to Martha's Vineyard. Admiral Montague difpoffeffes the French of the islands of St. Pierre, and Miquelon. Lord Cornwallis, and Gen. Knyphaufen, advance into the enemy's country, on both fides of the North River. Surprize of Baylor's light borfe. Succefs of the expedition to Egg Harbour. Surprize of Pulaski's legion. Cruel depredations by Butler, Brandt, and the favages, on the back frontiers. Deftruction of the new fettlement at Wyoming, attended with circumftances of fingular cruelty and barbarity. Col. Clarke's expedition from Virginia, for the reduction of the Canadian towns and fettlements in the Illinois country. Confequences of Clarke's fuccefs. Expedition from Schobarie to the Upper Susquehanna. Deftruction of the Unadilla and Anaquago fettlements. CHA P. II. p. [1 Review of conciliatory measures pursued by the commiffioners for restoring peace in America. Attempt to open and smooth the way to a negociation by private communications and correfpondence, fails in the effect, and is highly refented by the Congrefs. Refolutions by that body againft holding any communication or intercourse with one of the Commiffioners. Gentleman in queftion, declines acting any longer in the commiffion, and publishes a declaration in answer to the Congress. Declaration from the remaining commiffioners in answer to that body. Final manifefto and proclamation by by the commiffioners. Cautionary measures recommended by the Congrefs to the people; followed by a counter manifefto, threatening retaliation. Singular letter from the Marquis de la Fayette, to the Earl of Carlisle. American expedition for the reduction of the British fettlements in the country of the Natches, on the borders of the Miffifippi. Expedition from NevYork, under the conduct of Commodore Parker and Colonel Campbell, for the reduction of the province of Georgia. Landing made good, and the rebels defeated. Town of Savannah taken, and the province in general reduced. Major-General Prevost arrives from the fouthward; takes the tooon and fort of Sunbury, and affumes the principal command. [18 CHA P. III. Iland of Dominica taken by the Marquis de Bouille, governor of Martinico. State of the French fleet at Boston. Riot between the French and inhabitants. Defperate riot between the French and American failors, in the city and port of Charlestown. M. D'Estaing fails from Boston for the Weft-Indies: having first issued a declaration addreffed to the French Canadians. Admiral Byron's fleet driven off from the coaft of NewEngland by a violent hurricane, which afforded an opportunity for the departure of the French Squadron. British fleet detained at Rhode-Ifland, to repair the damages fuftained in the tempeft. Reinforcement fent from New-York to the West-Indies, under the conduct of Commodore Hotham, and Major-General Grant: narrowly mifs falling in with the French fleet: join Admiral Barrington at Barbadoes, and proceed together to the reduction of the island of St. Lucia: troops land, take the French posts in the neighbourhood of the Grand Cul de Sac : proceed to Morne Fortune and the Viergie. M. D'Eftaing appears in fight, with a vaft fuperiority both of land and marine force: attacks the British Squadron in the Grand Cul de Sac; and is bravely repulfed by Admiral Barrington, tavice in the fame day. French land their troops in Choc Bay attack General Meadows three times in the Viergie; are repulfed every time, and at length defeated with great lofs. Great glory obtained by the British farces, both by fea and land, in thefe feveral encounters. M. D'Eftaing, after ten days longer ftay, abandons the island of St. Lucia, without any further attempt for its recovery. The Chevalier de Micoud, with the principal inhabitants, capitulate before the French fleet is out of fight. CHA P. IV. [36 State of public affairs during the recess of parliament. Addrefs and petition from the city of London. Militia embodied. Camps formed. Admiral Keppel appointed to the command of the grand fleet for the home fervice. Peculiar fituation of that commander. Fleet fails from St. Hellens. Licorne, French frigate, ftopt and detained. Blameable conduct of the Captain, in firing unexpectedly into the America man of war. Defperate Q2 engagement engagement between the Arnihuja, and the Belle Prale, frigates. French jeontner, brazeg takie by the Alert cutter. Another French frigate falls in with the feet; and 11, th the Licorne and jehsener, brought to Engioni. Feat returns to Port much for a reinforcement. Rewards and county of th. French King, to the officers and crew of the Belle Prule. Admiral Kippti jetus again from Perg mouth. Faus in with the French fet under the Crast a’Grolliters; and after a coace of five days, brings them at length to action. Account of the engagement on the 27th of Jug. View of toge circunftances which were juppsjed to bave prevented that act on from being decive. French feet elcape in the night, and return to Bre?. Prudent and temperate conduct offeroid by the "Admiral. Returns to Plymouth to refit. Proceeds again to jea, but cannot meet the French feet. [50 CHAP. V. Speech from the throne. Amendment moved to the address in the House of Commons. Great Debates. Amendment rejected upon a divifion. Op. pofition to the addrejs in general, in the Heufe of Lords, but no amendment propofed. Adarejs carried upon a droiten. Metion to addrejs the Crocin, in the House of Commons, for a dijavowal of certain pasages in the late manifefto fued by the Commifioners at New York. The motion, after long debates, rejected upon a divifion. Similar motion by the Marquis of Rockingham, likewije caufis much debate, and is rejected upon a divifion. Proteft. Circumftances, which tended to the rendering the late action off Breft, a fubject of parliamentary difcuffion. Admiral Keppel, being called upon, gives jame account of that business in the Houje of Commons. Anjwered by Sir Hugh Pallifer. Reply. Court martial ordered for the trial of Admirai Keppel. Conduct of the admiralty cenfured and fupported: Queftion, relative to the dijerecretionary powers of that board, much agitated. Bill brought in and paled, for the belding of the trial of Admiral Keppel on joore, (in confideration of bis ili ftate of health) instead of its being held a board ship, as before prefcribed by the law. Recejs. 175 Debates arifing on questions of supply, previous to the recess. Augmentation of 14,000 men, to the land fervice. Trial at Portmouth. Admiral Keppel honourably acquitted. Receives the thanks of both Houses. Vice-admiral of the blue refigns his employments, and vacates his jeat in the Houfe of Commons. Memorial, figned by twelve admirals, prefented. Great discontents in the navy. Rejolution of cenfure moved by Mr. Fox, on the conduct of the admiralty. Motion, after long debates, rejected upon a divifion. Second motion, of a fimilar nature, by Mr. Fox, rejected upon a divifion. Two great naval commanders, declare against acting under the prefent fyftem. Refignation of narwal officers |