**; that all ordinary keepers selling liquors doe not * * * * (16) Law of 1679. 66* Hog stealing. It is believed that the above extracts from Henning's statutes of Virginia will be sufficient to give the pupil quite an insight into many phases of Virginia social life. I wish that the teachers of the state who are interested in this laboratory method of handling history would have their pupils make an outline and write a chapter on the life of the people of Virginia as illustrated by these extracts. If, then, each one will forward to me his best paper, I will submit them to competent judges for decision, and publish the best one or two papers in a succeeding number of the JOURNAL. I wish the work to be done in accordance with directions given. in the September and October numbers of the JOURNAL. And I wish particularly to insist that every important statement made in the papers be proved by reference to the passage on which the conclusion is based. The narrative papers should not be a mere stringing together of the above excerpts, but they should be put into the pupil's own language, and arranged in his own manner. One of the prime objects in this method of handling history is to co-ordinate its study with that of English, hence form, paragraphing, spelling, and style should all be carefully considered. I will give a partial list of questions as a basis for work, but I insist that each teacher must modify all plans and suggestions in so far as necessary in order to bring them into harmony with her own mental characteristics and the conditions of the school in which she is teaching. It may be necessary, therefore, to add to or to omit from the list as here presented. Some questions will be included which cannot be answered from the text directly, but it is thought that the means to answer the questions will be at hand in nearly all schools. I shall purposely mix the questions, so that the order in which they come shall not in any way indicate the order in which the material should be arranged in the outline and narrative. (1) What was the principal industry of Virginia during this seventeenth century? (2) Were the ideas of that time the same as ours in regard to the right to fix prices? (3) Why were laws passed fixing the amount of corn which a man must cultivate? (4) What was the money of Virginia? (5) Is it probable that the people were very respectful to their ministers? (6) Would you like to have lived in Virginia under such laws as are here given? Reasons for answer? (7) How did the ministers get their pay? (8) What were the duties of the ministers? (9) Why was Henry Coleman excommunicated? (10) What does it mean to be excommunicated? (11) How would the people of Nebraska like to have half of their corn burned by officers of the state? (12) Would it have the same effect to burn half of our corn crop that it did in 1639 to destroy half of their tobacco crop? (13) If it would, would it be right to burn it? (14) Why did the people of Virginia fix prices of articles? (15) What was forestalling? (16) Were laws against it right-would they be now? (17) What do you think of the laws in regard to attorneys? How did they punish people for crimes? (19) What was the law in regard to location of the ducking-stool? (20) For what was the ducking-stool used? (21) Was there much drinking at that time? (22) Were punishments harsher then than now? (23) What laws can you point out which you think unjust or wrong? (24) What laws would not be passed now? (25) What difference (18) do you notice in regard to the enacting of laws between the beginning of the century and the end? (26) When did the sheriffs arrest many offenders? (27) How do you reconcile the laws for the observance of the Sabbath with the laws for governing the morals of the ministers, and exiling priests? (28) Were there classes in society then? Proof? (29) Why did they limit the number of leaves on a tobacco plant? (30) Was it right that debtors should pay only a part of their debts when the tobacco crop was stinted? (31) What do you notice about the spelling in that century? (32) Did they care for education? (33) What can we learn from the law about slaves? (34) Why did they want schools? (35) When was Whitsuntide? CHAPTER VI. A STUDY OF EARLY MASSACHUSETTS HISTORY. Papers on the Laboratory Method in High School. For this month's work I have introduced some extracts from the records of Massachusetts and from the proceedings of the town meeting of Boston. The extracts have been made mainly with reference to the social life of the time, but they will also throw some light on the political conditions of early Massachusetts history. These extracts bear upon the same phases of Massachusetts' history, as did those of last month on Virginia's, as far as possible. I shall be glad to hear from the teachers who use them in regard to the interest their pupils take in such extracts. I wish also to repeat the statement I made last month that I should like to have the best paper sent in from the various schools, based on the use of this material. EXTRACTS FROM THE MASSACHUSETTS' RECORDS. L. August 23, 1630. Mr. Wilson and Mr. Phillips were chosen ministers. In regard to their support it was "Ordered, that Mr. Phillips should have allowed him 3 hogsheads of meale, 1 hogsh of malte, 4 bushells of Indean corne, 1 bushell of oate meale, halfe an hundred of salte fishe; for apparell and pvisions XX1 ( 201 ) &c.” "The 7th of September, 1630. Mr. Ludlow * * * by the generall consent of the court, are fyned a noble a peece for their absence from the court after the tyme appoyncted. It is ordered, that Trimountaine shalbe called Boston * * " Sept. 28. 'It is ordered, that all Rich: Cloughes stronge water shall presently be seazed upon, for his selling greate quantytie thereof to several mens servants which was the occasion of much disorder, drunckenes, and 66 * * * * * * * misdemenr." "It is ordered that no maister carpenter mason, * shall take above 16d a day for their worke, if they have meate and drinke * " "Sr. Rich: Saltonstall is ffyned four bushells of malte for his absence from the court." It is ordered that John Goulworth shalbe whipped, and afterwards sett in the stocks, for fellony committed by him, also that Henry Lyn shalbe whipped for the like offence, and John Boggust and John Pickry to sitt in the stocks 4 howers together, att Salem, for being accessory thereunto." II. 1631, 14 June. "It is ordered, that noe man within the limits of this jurisdiction shall hire any pson (person) for a servant for lesse time then a yeare, unles hee be a setled housekeep; also that noe person * * shall travell out of this pattent, either by land or sea, without leave from the governor * * * under such penalty as the court shall thinke meete to inflict," "It is ordered that, that Phillip Swaddon shalbe whipped for running away from his maister, Robt. Seely, intending to goe to Virginia." "It is ordered, that Phillip Ratcliffe shalbe whipped, have his ears cutt of, fyned 40%, and banished out of ye lymitts of this jurisdiction, for uttering mallatious and scandulous speeches against the gov't and the church of Salem. * * * 99 "It is ordered, that noe person shall buy corne or any other pvision (provision) *** of any shipp or barke that comes into this bay, without leave from the Govnr or someother of the assistants." 26 July. Lucy Smyth is bound as an apprentice with Roger Ludlowe for 7 yeares, dureing which tyme hee is to finde her meate, drinke, and cloathes, and att the end of her years give her the some of 51." “It is ordered, that Mr. Shepheard and Robt Coles shalbe ffyned 5 mks a peece, and Edward Gibbins XXs, for abuseing themselves disorderly with drinkeing to much stronge drinke aboard the Friendshipp, and att Mr. M's his howse at Winettsemt." 27 September: "It is ordered, that Josias Plastowe shall (for stealing 4 basketts of corne from the Indians) returne them 8 basketts againe, be fined 51, and hereafter to be called by the name of Josias, and not Mr., as form |