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graces the high and castle-crowned rock of the ancient town, the dim and distant and ever-living hills, the tapering towers, the gorgeous palaces, the noble viaducts of modern times, can lend to the illustration of the historic page, have here been all most happily united: beneath, and surrounded by these stately monuments of civic pride, that seem wrapped in air, the multitudinous array is seen, not breaking the calm and perfect arrangement of the composition, but rather contributing to its integrity.

NOTE. The military phalanx in the historic design of "The March of the Highlanders," represents the army of Prince Charles Stuart marching to the battle of Preston, or rather Tranent, fought on the 24th of September, 1745, between two thousand of the king's troops, under Sir John Cope, and two thousand four hundred Highlanders, led by the Chevalier; in which the former, although supported by artillery and cavalry, were totally defeated. Cope fled with his dragoons through Preston village, while the infantry were almost all killed or taken prisoners. Amongst the slain was Colonel Gardiner, whose life has been written with so much feeling by Dr. Doddridge. Tranent is situated ten miles east from Edinburgh; and near it, in a space called Mill-burn Meadow, stands the only survivor of the illcontested field of Preston-an aged thorn: of this solitary and conspicuous object, Cope availed himself as a point d'appui; here, at this precise spot, Colonel Gardiner fell, and around the trunk of this still abiding trophy, numbers of the slain lie buried.

CARLISLE CASTLE.

EXECUTION OF FERGUS MAC-IVOR AND EVAN-DHU.

"There was a momentary stop at the gateway, while the governor of the castle and the high sheriff went through a short ceremony, the military officer there delivering over the persons of the criminals to the civil power. 'God save King George,' said the high sheriff. When the formality concluded, Fergus stood erect in the sledge, and, with a firm and steady voice, replied, 'God save King James!' These were the last words which Waverley heard him speak." After this brief but solemn pause, which is represented in the accompanying illustration, "the procession resumed its march, and the sledge vanished from beneath the portal. The dead march was then heard; and its melancholy sounds were mingled with those of a muffled peal, tolled from the neighbouring cathedral. The sound of the military music died away as the procession moved on the sullen clang of the bells was soon heard to sound alone."

The execution of Fergus Mac-Ivor is one of those closing scenes in which the author of Waverley is perhaps without a rival: these he seems always to sketch with a firm, yet delicate hand; and they are, as Fergus laughingly described his own, "well got up." The melancholy procession was arranged within the court-yard of the castle, where the sledge was prepared on which the prisoners were to be drawn to the place of execution, about one mile from Carlisle. "The sledge was painted black, and drawn by a white horse. At one end of the vehicle sat the executioner, a horrid-looking

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fellow, as beseemed his trade, with the broad axe in his hand. At the other end, next the horse, was a seat for two persons. Through the deep and Gothic archway, that opened on the drawbridge, were seen, on horseback, the high sheriff and his attendants, whom the etiquette between the civil and military powers did not permit to come farther." Such was the first act of this miserable tragedy; of the last, the novelist was too accomplished an artist to give a palpable representation.

The ancient city of Carlisle is situated in the ward and county of Cumberland, and nearly encircled by the rivers Eden, Pettrell, and Caldew; 301 miles from London, and 13 from the Scottish border. It was called Caerleyl, or Caer Leol, (or, perhaps, Caer lua-ail, the city on the beautiful waters,) by the Britons, and Lugewalleom by the Romans, i. e. the city near the wall. In the reign of the emperor Nero, the Scotch fired the place, and in the time of Agricola it was fortified by the Romans, as a frontier town, against the violence of the Picts and Scots. So durable are the works, that notwithstanding the recorded desolation of the city by the Danes, and very many sieges, much Roman masonry remained, particularly on the east side, until within a few years back. In 685 the citizens accompanied St. Cuthbert to view the walls, and visit a well of curious workmanship that had been enclosed by the Romans. From the destruction of the city by the Danes in 875, it lay prostrate until after the Norman conquest; but in 1072 it was again strongly fortified. The castle was founded by William Rufus, who visited the city in 1092, and colonized it from the south of England; but David, king of the Scots, enlarged and strengthened the defences, and heightened the walls, in 1136. In 1344 the great hall, turrets, kernels, and gates were repaired at an expense of £800. In the reign of Elizabeth the walls of the dungeon tower, (12 feet thick,) were rebuilt, and in the middle of the following century the castle was strong enough to stand a siege of several months.*

This ancient and massive structure stands at the north-west angle of the city, and is singularly designed. It consists of two wards; the outer of which is in the form of a square; the inner in that of a triangle, and containing the keep or dungeon tower, a square building, part of the original edifice built by William Rufus. The other parts of the castle are more modern, the result of additions made in the reigns of Richard the Third, Henry VIII., and Queen Elizabeth. In the British Museum a drawing is preserved,

Carlisle was besieged and harassed in 1138, by David, king of Scots-in 1173, by William, king of Scots, and, in 1216, by Alexander-conceded to the English, in 1217-attacked by the Earls of Buchan and Monteith, in 1296-summoned by William Wallace, in 1297-besieged by Robert Bruce, king of Scotland, in 1315-by the Scots, in 1337, 1345, 1380, 1385-the suburbs were burned by the Scotch adherents of Henry VI., in 1461—it was attacked by Nicholas Musgrave, in 1527--by W. Scott, Lord of Buccleugh, in 1596, in order to release William Armstrong, a noted borderer, celebrated in ballad poetry by the name of “Kinmont Willie”—during the civil wars, it was besieged in 1644-by Leslie and the Scotch, in 1645, when the garrison endured hardships, sufferings, and privations, resembling those recorded of the siege of Derry-surprised by Sir Philip Musgrave, for the royal cause, in 1648, and surrendered to Cromwell in the same year—received the Pretender in 1745, and was surrendered by the rebels again in the same year to the Duke of Cumberland.

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representing this fine specimen of military architecture precisely as it appeared in the reign of the last of these monarchs; while the accompanying view exhibits its rude aspect in 1836, with the exception of the drawbridge, which, however, is a faithful copy from an original elsewhere. The ancient gothic portal still survives, as well as the vast keep that towers above it: and even in the imaginative part of the illustration,-armour, costume, &c.-historic truth has been respected; the description of bill-axe with which the sheriff's band is armed, still continuing to be borne by the civil power, at executions, here and in the border districts.

The situation of Carlisle rendered it at an early period, and continued it to a late one, an object of contention between the neighbouring kingdoms. Its military history, therefore, presents events, greater in importance and number, than are recorded of any other fortress in Britain; and no city in the kingdom can reckon so many illustrious and eminent men amongst its visiters, benefactors, and masters.

DIRK HATTERAICK PURSUED BY THE SLOOP-OF-WAR.

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"On gaining that part of the ruins which commanded the most extensive look-out, they saw a lugger, with all her canvass crowded, standing across the bay, closely pursued by a sloop-of-war, that kept firing upon the chase from her bows, which the lugger returned with her stern-chasers. They're but at long bowls yet,' cried Kennedy, in great exultation, but they will be closer by and by,-he's starting his cargo! I see the good Nantz pitching overboard, keg after keg!-that's an ungenteel thing of Mr. Hatteraick, as I shall let him know by and by.-Now, now! they've got the wind of him! that's it, that's it!-Hark to him! hark to him!, now, my dogs! now, my dogs!—hark to Ranger, hark!" The chase is supposed to continue during this spirited apostrophe to the kegs of Nantz. "The lugger being piloted with great ability, and using every nautical shift to make her escape, had now reached, and was about to double, the headland which formed the extreme point of land on the left side of the bay, when a ball having hit the yard in the slings, the mainsail fell upon the deck. The sloop-of-war crowded all sail to pursue, but she had stood too close upon the cape, so that they were obliged to wear the vessel, for fear of going ashore, and to make a large tack back into the bay, in order to

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