is announced respecting his elevation, or at least what he thus considers, is applied to the Messiah. In his doctrine, from the reception of which results happiness, and in the intercession for the people which is ascribed to him, we have evidently the prophetic and high priestly offices, which, together with the kingly, the Jews thus attached to the character of the Messiah, and which, in the epistle to the Hebrews, we find committed to Christ.-The importance of these statements consists in this: they prove that the views of the Talmudist, and, we may say, of the better class of Jews of his age, on these points, are entirely coincident with Christian doctrine; and consequently, that later Jewish expositions wholly different, are an abandonment of the old, orthodox exposition.

These characteristics are all illustrated by ample references, and in such a way as to show that the author has examined the subject with great care and industry. The original German may be found in the introduction to his commentary on Isaiah, sect. 11, p. 65-80; and an English Translation, in a volume entitled, Essays and Dissertations in Biblical Literature, by a Society of Clergymen, published by G. & C. & H. CARVILL, New York, 1829, 8vo. p. 412-426.

The Targums of Onkelos and Jonathan are exceedingly important in the controversy between the Jews and Christians. The reader may find

a list of places in the old Testament, explained of the Messiah by these very ancient Jewish interpreters, in Buxtorf's Talmudic Lexicon, under that word, col. 1268-1273.

TARGUM OF JONATHAN BEN UZZIEL

ON ISAIAH LII. 13-LIII.

LII. 13. BEHOLD, my servant, Messiah, shall prosper; he shall be exalted, and become great, and be very strong.

14. As the house of Israel expected him many days, who was mean among the nations ;—their appearance and their splendor compared with those of the children of men.

15. So shall he scatter many nations, on account of him kings shall be silent, they shall put their hands upon their mouth, because what they did not tell them have they seen, and what they did not hear have they understood.

LIII. 1. Who hath believed this our report, and the strength of the arm of the power of the Lord, now to whom hath it been revealed?

2. And the righteous onet shall be magnified

*Lit., than.

+ The word in the original is in the singular number.

before him, lo, like suckers which flourish, and like a tree which casteth forth its roots along the streams of water, thus the holy one shall increase in the land which had need of him. His appearance will not be a common appearance, and his fear* not the fear of an ordinary man, but his splendor will be holy splendor, so that every one who shall see him will contemplate him, (or regard him with attention.)

3. Therefore he will be for contempt, and (or but) he will destroy the glory of all kings. They will be weak and afflicted, lo, like a man of sorrows and destined to sicknesses (or infirmities,) and when the face of majesty (shekinah,) was withdrawn from us, we were despised and not regarded.

4. Therefore on account of our sins will he supplicate, and our iniquities shall be pardoned for his sake, and we were regarded as bruised, smitten from before (by) the Lord and afflicted.

5. And he will build the house of the sanctuary, which was profaned on account of our sins, was delivered up on account of our iniquities, and by his doctrine peace shall be increased on us, and when we shall obey his word, our sins shall be pardoned us.

66

6. All we like sheep have been scattered, we

That is, the fear which he will excite; as in Ps. xc. 10according to thy fear"-may mean, according to the reverence with which men regard thee.

have departed each one towards his way, and it
pleased the Lord* to pardon the sins of us all on
his account.

7. He prayed and was answered, and before
he opened his mouth he was accepted. He will
deliver up the strong of the nations like a lamb
for a victim, and like a sheep which is dumb be-
fore its shearers, and in his presence there is none
that speaketh a word.

8. From chastisements and retribution, (or punishment,) he will bring near our captivity, and the wonders which shall be done for us in his days, who is able to recount? for he will take away the dominion of the nations from the land of Israel; sins which my people were guilty of shall extend to (that is, affect) them.

9. And he will deliver up the wicked to hell, and the rich in substance who acted violently with to Chaddon destructive death;† that they who commit sin may not live, neither speak deceit with their mouths.

10. And it was the pleasure of the Lord to melt and to purge the remnant of his people, in order to purify their souls from sins: they shall see the kingdom of their Messiah, they shall increase sons and daughters, they shall prolong

* Lit, and from before the Lord there was pleasure.

That is, who inflicted violent death.

+ Buxtorf, followed by Walton, reads, deceits; the Bom -
follies.

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