your clothes in school; and to show yourself restless in school. Keep your books, inside and outside, very clean and neat, do not write or paint in them, do not tear them, and lose none of them.

When you write, do not soil your hands and face with ink; do not scatter it over the table or bench, or over your clothes, or those of others.

"When school is out, make no great noise; in going downstairs do not jump over two or three steps at a time, by which you may be hurt, and go quietly home."

Christopher Dock, as we have stated, was noted for his piety and faithfulness to duty. His death is said to have occurred in this wise: One evening in the year 1771 he did not return from school. A search was made, and he

was found in the schoolhouse upon his knees, dead. He had remained after school hours to pray, and died while in prayer-a fitting end to such a pious life.

In 1743 Benjamin Franklin presented a scheme for the establishment of an academy, but the project was laid aside on account of the excitement incident to the war between France and Great Britain. This subject was soon revived, and on November 13, 1749, a school was organized under the name of the "Academy and Charitable School of the Province of Pennsylvania." The Academy began with three schools, one of Latin, one of English, and one of Mathematics. A master, with an usher, was employed in each school. In accordance with the original design, a charity school was established under the same general management for the instuction of poor children gratuitously, and they were taught reading, writing, and arithmetic, and the

first principles of virtue and piety. A charter was granted to the Academy in 1753, and on May 14, 1755, it became a college. Dr. William Smith of Philadelphia, a very learned man, was the first president of the college, and planned for it an excellent course of study, the best then known in the colonies. In the year 1791 this institution was merged into the University of Pennsylvania, one of the largest and most celebrated institutions in the country.

Besides these schools there were many others connected with the various churches, and, as good teachers were scarce, the preachers of these congregations were in nearly every case the teachers of their several schools.

While the most charitable provisions were made for the education of children, the growth of a free school system was slow. In 1818, by an act of the legislature, Philadelphia was constituted the "First School District" of Pennsylvania, and provision was made for the education of the children of the city and county at public expense. The schools established under this act were not intended to be free to children of all classes of citizens. None but the children of indigent parents were admitted into the schools at public expense, boys between the age of six and fourteen, and girls between the age of five and thirteen. These charity schools were always unpopular, and were known as "pauper schools," and it was not until the year 1834 that the present free school system of the State was established.

To Philadelphia belongs the honor of being the first city in Pennsylvania and in the United States to establish schools for the education of teachers. One of the objects of the academy founded in 1749 was the preparation of

teachers for elementary schools. Dr. Franklin, in addressing the Council in its behalf, urged the need of schoolmasters, and suggested that this school would furnish a supply of those who could "teach children reading, writing, arithmetic, and the grammar of their mother tongue." In the year 1818 a Model School for the preparation of teachers was established in Philadelphia by an act of the State legislature. This school was organized on the socalled Lancasterian plan, and was conducted for several years by the celebrated English educator, Joseph Lancaster, as principal. So successful was this school that in 1821 it was attended by five hundred and sixty-four pupils, and teachers were prepared not only for the schools of the city, but for those in other parts of the State. This school was established fully twenty years before the first normal school was opened at Lexington, Massachusetts, and its work and influence are perpetuated by our present Normal School, one of the most thoroughly organized schools of the kind in the United States.

O

OLD SWEDES' CHURCH.

NE of the earliest structures reared in Philadelphia,

which time has scarcely marred, is the ivy-covered old Swedes' Church, or "Gloria Dei," situated on Swanson Street, near Front and Christian streets. At the rear of the church grounds is a brick building, on each side of which are iron gates; over the one in letters of gilt are the words Gloria Dei," and over the other "Erected 1700."

Service has been continuously held here for nearly two hundred years. Originally this congregation was Swedish Lutheran, and it remained so until 1831, when it became a part of the Protestant Episcopal Church, under the name of the Swedish Episcopal Church. But as the Lutheran

How

Church in Sweden is Episcopal in form and spirit, Gloria Dei has really always been an Episcopal church. so fine a structure came to be erected at so early a date, in the capital of an almost unbroken wilderness, is an interesting story.

The first Swedish colonists, who reached the shores of the Delaware in the year 1636, nearly fifty years before the landing of Penn, brought with them a Swedish minister, the

Rev. Reorus Torkillus. This colony settled at Christina, built a church, and Mr. Torkillus became their pastor. In 1642 the new governor, John Printz, arrived, and with him the Rev. John Campanius. This colony settled at Tinicum Island, a few miles below Philadelphia, erected a fort, and built a church of wood. This church was consecrated by the Rev. John Campanius, September 4, 1646, and for many years served as a place of worship for all the Swedes in the colony. But the distance to the Tinicum church was so great that it was inconvenient for the Swedes living east of the Schuylkill River to attend worship there. They therefore petitioned the court of New Castle in 1675 to build a church at "Wicaco," the Indian name for the land on the Delaware River which Penn afterwards laid out for his city, this being a more central and convenient place. Accordingly, the court directed that a church, or place of meeting, should be built and paid for by a general tax; but no further action was taken at that time.

Meanwhile the Swedes resolved to occupy the blockhouse at Wicaco, a building which had been erected in 1669 as a defense against the Indians, for church purposes. On Trinity Sunday, 1677, the Rev. Jacob Fabritius of New York consecrated this log fort to the service of God, and preached here his first sermon as pastor of the Swedes' Church, Wicaco. He continued to preach here for fourteen years, nine years of which time he was totally blind. About 1692 Mr. Fabritius died, and Wicaco church was left without a pastor. For a while Andrew Benktsen, an old and trembling layman, read sermons to the congregation. They had written twice to Sweden for pulpit