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ad querendam securem131, quae in ima dimersa est, et natauit ad lignum .i. genus humanum: quod a ligno uetito in infernum cicidit, per lignum crucis Christi et per babtismum aquæ ad paradissum natauit. Híc adest Ionas de ligno sortis132 in mare et in uentrem cæti triduo missus. "Et angarizauerunt133 praetereuntem quendam de uilla, patrem Alaxandri et Ruphi" et reliqua. [in marg. Alii per merita patrum suorum commemorantur,] alii per merita filiorum suorum. Hinc [leg. Híc] Simón, qui crucem in angaria134 portabat, meritis filiorum suorum qui erant discipuli135, commemoratur. De hoc nos ammonemur, in præsenti uita, parentes adiuuari per natorum suorum sapientiam, ut populus Iudaicus propter patriarcharum et profetarum et apostolorum merita sepe commemoratur. De amaritudine radicis surgit dulcido oliuæ, unde per Heremiam ad Iudeam dicitur oliuam pulchram fructiferam speciosam uocauit Dominus nomen tuum. "Et angarizauerunt praetereuntem quendam Simonem Cireneum ut tolleret crucem eius, uenientem de uilla, patrem Alaxandri et Ruphi,” et reliqua. Dum legerent 'Maledictus omnis qui pendit in ligno' factus est135a maledictus 136 ut tolleret maledictionem136a. Simón, qui portat crucem in angaria137, ipse est qui laborat pro laude humana. Cogunt eum homines huic labori, quem non cogit timor et dilectio Dei. Ipsa species crucis quid est nisi forma quadrati138 mondi ? Oriens 139 di uertice140 fulget: arcton [dextra tenet: auster in leua consistit: occidens sub plantis firmatur].

131 i. donbia[i]l bed chuintechti .i. docer inbiail diasa[mthig] issammuir 7 focaird eleseus asamthig innadiad 7 doluid inbiail arithissi archenn in[na] samthige comboi impe--"to the axe that was to be sought, i. e. the axehead fell from its handle into the sea and Elisha flung its handle after it, and the head came again against the handle so that it was round it."

132 i. di chorcruinn dacer dul issammuir-" of casting a lot that fell to him to go into the sea.'

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133 .i. conéicnisset-"they compelled."

134 .i. hicumcai no innecin .i. arecin nosbered-" in constraint or in compulsion, i. e. by compulsion he bore it.”

135 .i. christi

135a .i. christus

136 i. maldachtae air bu ainm leusom maladictus do c(ac)h óin bíth (hí) croi (ch)—" i. e. accurst, for maledictus' was a name with them for every one who is on a cross."

136a .i. peccati adæ

137 i. in angustia

138 i. ceth[ar]aird-" four-cornered."

139 .i. in tercbal—"the rising."

140 i. din mulluch-" from the top."

141 i. roglan ade ho(n mulluch) so-"he shone from this top." 142 (in tu)aiscerd ón .i. rog(lan)ad són tria deis—“ the north this, i. e. he shone through his right."

NOTES.

(The figures refer to the Glosses.)

2. cech da son binas voces,' Ebel, Beitr. VI. 235.

6. triub, nom. triub Ml. 209, Gael. treubh, fem., an u-stem, like the Latin tribus.

9. nuall 'a shout': no is in nuall dongniat ho rumaith fora naimtea remib-'or it is the shout which they make when their enemies have broken before them'-M1.109, cited Nigra 21, where nuall is wrongly identified with uall' superbia'.

11. Except coercha 'oves' in Broccan's hymn, and mailgea (gl. palpebras) M1. 30°, nathracha is the only example yet found in Old Irish of the acc. pl. of a c-stem. For amal or amail, like mar, takes the accusative, not the genitive, as Zeuss, G. C. 676, erroneously stated, overlooking the accusative sg. ailsin (nom. ailsiu, ailse) in the gloss am. tuthle no ailsin (gl. ut cancer), Z. 1055; am. ind cluinn bunid (ut stirps originis); the acc. pl. am. na heliu, Z. 1021; and the transported n in the gloss am. in lochairnn n-affracdai (gl. quasi laterna punica) Z. 676 (a).

13. diucrae fem. Cf. a fuller form in Cormac's Glossary, s. v. prull: Dorogart tra ó diucairi (Cod. A. diucaire) móir 7 atbert fri senchan-" he cried then with a great shout and said to Senchan" (Cod. B. has doriucart o guth mor fri senchan-" he shouted with a great voice to Senchan"). Diucaire, diucrae is from dood-gaire as frecre answer' is from frithgaire and tacræ from doad-gaire. See Zeuss, 856. Cf. gair vox, Z. 234 (W. gair a word), irgaire 'vetatio' ibid. gáir 'shout' (W. gawr). The root is GAR, Skr. grî, or, as Böhtlingk and Roth (II, 688, 689) give it, gar. Cf. Gr. yйpus, yýpvw, Lith. gar-sa-s voice,' Lat. garrire, ON. kalla.

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14. is fás ainchrud- its furniture is wanting; Nigra, wrongly,

'est vacua eius forma.' Samsin is obscure: cf. ni samsin duitsiu (gl. non curaris) Ml. 44, and nímtá 'not so is' (ní-sam-tá), nímṭát, "not so are' which occur in the Félire of Oengus: cf. Skr. sama-s, Gr. ouós, Lat.similis, Goth. sama, Eng. same.

15. With scópthe cf. Br. scubaff, W. ysgubo from ysgub'sheaf, Ir. scuab, Lat. scopœ.

17. do-ru-the-thaig seems a reduplicated preterite, but I am unable to explain the word. In immerumediar (peccavit), [pl. inna ní immeruimdetar (gl. delinquentes) Ml. 46, cited by Nigra, Rev. Celt. i. 196] the -diar is perhaps identical with the -thier of dringthier (.i. rodringestar) and rigthier (.i. dognid), Amra Chol.

(a) Other instances of the accusative after amail are: am. inscrissid .i. am. in n-altain n-áith (gl. sicut rasorium acutum) Ml. col. 301; artraigfid isind acor amail grein (he will appear in the air like a sun), LU. p. 33; amail bole ngobann (like a smith's bellows) 1 SM. 72; amail bróen n-ailgen (like a soothing drop), LU. p. 33; goirid amail griana (he kindles like suns), Laud. 610, fo. 71, in marg.; am. lanna (gl. tanquam scamae) Lib. Ardm. 176, b, 2, and see Z.2 657.

18. In racloisom the ra has arisen from the prefix ro and the infixed pronoun a for an (see Ebel, Beitr. zur vergl. sprachf. IV, 177). So in gloss 132 the da of da-cer has arisen from do and an.

22. etarcnad (MS. apparently etarcuad): so in Zeuss 1039 : tuargab cenn indrúnsin .i. combad etarcnad doib .i. ícce inchenéli dóine-"this mystery was manifested (lit. raised a head) i.e. so that there was recognition to them, i.e. of the salvation of the race of men."

34. ingulpan (Nigra ingabsan), dat. sg. dongulbain (gl. rostro), Ir. Gl. pp. 139, 148.

43. fosissetar 'confitentur,' not 'declaratur,' as M. Nigra rendered. Cf. fosissetar a pectu indfirien 7 asberat etc. (confitentur peccata sua justi, et dicunt etc.), Ml. 132, Rev. Celtique, i. 153.

45. forfenar is for forbenar (Nigra), so forfen (gl. perficiat) Ml. 64. noch is co farfia són (gl. ut impleat) Ml. 55°.

49. forcnad (MS. apparently forcuad) I take to be 3d sg. pret. pass. of a verb forchennaim (=W. gorphenaf), forcenna (gl. consummare) Ml. 47r, derived from forchenn 'end '=W. gorphen.

5. Is cinn here the locative sing. of cenn? See Beitr. I, 334. 60. ad cita acæ for cita adaca (Nigra 38), cf. for the verb fer. atace, 2 SM. 60 (9), and for the tmesis, crist asrúna rindaid for rúna crist asrindid.-Félire, C. Jan. 12.

62. fo-r-aitbi-for-ro-aith-tibi (Ebel): cf. faitbe no faitbeadh .i. gaire laughter '--O'Clery's Glossary. Diamboi patricc oc duma graid ic ordned in sluaig moir foatbi. cid insin ol binén ?—Trip. Life, B. 173.

65. iordánein (Nigra. iordánem), gen. sg. of Iordánen ‘Iordanes': loanwords often come from the accusative: cf. Diez. Gr. II. 9. For Moses the Félire B., Ep. 503, has Moysen, and in the Lebar Brecc occurs baithis ihu, isruth iordanen.

71. deug, gen. dige, originally a fem. u-stem, like gabul, Medb, and perhaps mid and triub.

79. doroacht: cf. anduruacht (gl. vindicatus) Ml. 43a.

81. tacræ pl. of tacræ (=do-ad-gare, Nigra): cf. 3d sg. fut. taiccéra 'causam aget,' Z. 881 (28); do-r-acartmar cois (gl. causati sumus) Z. 443; Gael. tagair 'causam age,' tagaireach 'causidicus,' -v. supra, note on gl. 13.

82. erchoimded (gl. apologiam) cf. ercoimded .i. diultad (‘a denying') H. 3. 18. 527, archoimtiu (gl. excusantem), Ml. 22r.

85. riucht dat. sg. of richt, Gael. riochd 'forma,' W. rhith, m. 86. cer, Nigra ar. Note the interesting form ceteora (recte cetheora) gen. of the fem. numeral 4 *cetheoir W. pedeir, as teora-n is the gen. of the fem. numeral 3 teoir, Zend tisaró, Skr. tisras, and compare the Skr. base catasr from KATASAR.

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87. e fethol (Nigra, a fethol, but cf. in e chuis... in æ seth, Cam.). The root of fethol (fethal linda imbi, LU. 68") seems VI.

95. a bas pene (leg. á bás péne). This is the only example yet found in Old Irish of the voc. sg. of a neuter o-stem. In form (as

in Latin and Greek) the case is identical with the nom. sg. Correct the paradigm in my 'Irish Glosses' (Dublin, 1860), page 51. 99. dofarlaic (=do-fo-air-léic); M. Nigra reads doforlaic, but the a is, I think, clear: cf. nad tairlaic don (gl. non cedentem) MI. 131.

101. titulatio (a mistake for titubatio) seems taken by the glossographer for titillatio (see Ducange s.v. titulatio). With fogitled or perhaps fogicled, cf. the modern gigleadh tickling.'

103. In tris 'third' (Skr. tritîya, Lat. tertius for tretius, s has arisen from t as in the Ir. esine 'fledgeling' for pesíne, petíne from the root PAT, as in W. negis from Lat. negotium.

The phrase mad du rúin (also in 123') is opposed to mad du stoir (secundum historiam) Ml. 44, Nigra, Rev. Celtique, i. 156.

106. intan no-nn-guirther-ni (M. Nigra, I think wrongly, nonguirtherni), 1st pl. pres. passive of goraim 'I warm,' here impersonally conjugated: goraim and gor' fire' (gorn, gronn 'firebrand,' Corm.), are connected with the Skr. gharma 'calor.'

110. brodscuad (gl. quiscilia) cf. 'ciscilium' .i. broth vel brothscoa .i. spre docuirid ind aircce dochum [tíre], Lib. Hymn. ed. Todd, p. 18.

110. dobertis in each of the places where it occurs here is a passive, and should be rendered afferebantur.' See Beitr. VII, 61. 111. adchosaire 'emissarius': can the root be POS in po(s)no? 121. With itirdibither cf. co etar-dam-dibitis-se (gl. ad interficiendum me) Ml. 54°. Both forms are probably aoristic.

128. With fuillechti (gl. lita) for fuislechti: cf. etar-fuillechta (gl. interlitus), lase forruillechta beóil in chalich di mil (postea illita sunt labia calicis melle), Z.2 478; is é fuillechta fo mil, Táin bó Fr. 230.

The reduplicated preterite foselgatar=fosesligatar, is from fosligim (gl. delino) Z.2 429.

131. samthig, recte sámthig or súmthaig, Corm. Gloss. s. v. prull, acc. sg. of sámthach manubrium; a fem. a-stem, of which the gen. pl. sámthach occurs in O'Don. Gr. 277, where it is translated battle-axes.'

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132. cor'a cast': cruinn gen. sg. of crann 'lignum'; cf. accruinte i. rollad crannchur foir (gl. sortita) MI. 29. dacerdo-an, the infixed pronoun, cer: cf. docer inbiail gl. 131 supra: do-ro-chair adum gl. 19 supra: do-ro-chair a claidem his sword fell.' doceir cuculainn C. fell' Petrie, Tara 202, citing the Book of Leinster tor-chair cecidit, Book of Lecan, cited O'Don. Gr. 261: at-ro-chair 'cecidit,' Four Masters, A.D. 902.

139. turcbal, better turcbáil, from turgabáil: cf. turgabthi (gl. exortiva) Z. 855: o thurgabail greine co fuined, Sloan 4783, 5 (Mus. Brit.) "from rising of (the) sun to setting." W. derchafael, Corn. drehevel.

140. mulluch dat. sg. of mullach (gl. culmen, gl. vertici, see my Irish Glosses, pp. 117, 139.)

EXTRACTS FROM THE MILAN CODEX.

(BIBL. AMBROS. C. 301),

The Old-Irish codex in the Ambrosian library at Milan, brought thither, like the Turin fragments, from the monastery of Bobbio, has been described by Peyron (op. cit. vol. I., p. 188), by Zeuss (Gram. Celt. Praef. x), and, recently, by M. Nigra in the Revue Celtique, i. p. 60. It consists of a Latin commentary on the Psalms, formerly attributed to S. Jerome, but by Muratori, Vallarsius, and Zeuss, ascribed to S. Columbanus, and its great value arises from the notes and glosses, in Irish of the ninth or tenth century, which are interlined or written on the margins of its 292 folio pages. These notes and glosses will soon, it is hoped, be published in their entirety by Professor Ascoli, of Milan.

Muratori was, I believe, the first to call attention to the Milan glosses, which are so abundant and so legible that a tolerably complete Old-Irish grammar and lexicon might be constructed from them alone. Would that the poem (or, as I think, the poems) on the first page had been equally easy to read! Zeuss (G. C. 930) is fully justified in calling it difficillimum lectu, but the difficulty is due to abrasion through the heedless hands of strangers rather than to fading because of its thousand years of age. Two forenoons spent over this part of the ms., with all the aid of an Italian sun, yielded only the following result:

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3 etar

'I saw another thing to-night.' 'It was a wonder to me.' port occurs in Cormac's Glossary, where it is explained, nomen do séon lasna draide; a name for luck with (apud) the druids.' 46 ' a man' like banscal a woman. The second and third letters of ferscal are now illegible.

before me (?)'. false parturitions' (lámnad gen, lámnada: cf. hé maccan rolamnad de, LU. 53a),

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