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The declensional forms are scanty, but sufficient to show that the Highlanders declined their noun in the eleventh century as fully as the Irish.

Vowel-stems.

O-declension: nom. sg. Cathal gen. cathail: uachtar, gen. uac(h)tair, abstol gen. abstoil-apostoli: galar (a neut. o-stem) acc. galar: mac gen. meic or mec, acc. mac: clérech gen. pl. clérech: cenn dat. cinn (0. Ir. ciunn): mór-maer gen. mór-moir: toisech gen. toisig, toiseg: cosgrach gen. cosgreg: Muredach gen. muredig: Caerell gen. caerill: Donnchad gen. Donnchaid: Colam gen. colaim: Petar gen. petir, petair and dia (=dêvo) gen. dé=O. Ir. déi ex dêvî. dat. and acc. dia. dobor gen. doboir, Cormac gen. Cormaic, légenn gen. leginn.

io-declension: Bede, rige gen. rígi: Matni. acc. ére, ernacde, laithi. n. pl. m. uli, dat. pl. ulib.

fem.â-declension: cell gen. s. cille, dat. pl. cellaib: cland or clann gen. s. clande or clenni: cloch dat. and acc. sg. cloic (leg. cloich): briathar acc. sg. brether: eclas gen. s. eclasi: dabach acc. dual dá dabeg, gen. pl. dabach: edbart, dat. edbairt, acc. pl. edbarta: ingen. bliadan dat. sg. bliadin: dér n. pl. deara.

fem. iâ-declension: saere dat. sg. saeri: slánte.

i-declension: maith n. pl. mathe: pett gen. pette: Brigit gen. Brigtæ. u-declension: Aed gen. éda: bráth gen. brátha (dat. bráith seems a mistake for bráth).

Consonantal stems.

c-stems: cathair acc. sg. cathraig, cadraig: perhaps, too, the genitives sg. cannech, ferdomnac leg. ferdomnach.

g-stem: rí gen. sg. riig (leg. rig).

d (or t?)-stems: comdiu gen. comded: bethu gen. be(th)ad : ant-stems: tipra gen. tiprat.

n-stems: masc. brithem, cú gen. con in dobar-chon: fem. bennacht, mallact, alba gen. alban: neut. ainm.

No example of r-stems occurs.

s-stems: sliab, macc, leg. mach, in imach, dún gen. dúne.

Diminutives are in án (Drostán, Nectán), in áin (Colbáin, Matáin), in in (Brocin, and perhaps aldin, alterín, domin? dubbacín, bricín, and aechin), in nait (Gartnait), in nat (Garnait, gen. s. of Garnat), in íne (calline, molini), in éne (furéne?).

An example of a degree of comparison is nesu, for O. Ir. compar. nesa, here used as a superlative.

The forms of the article are: sing. in gen. m. in (aspirating), acc. s. inn, in, gen. plur. na (nasalizing), dat. and acc. pl. na.

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The pronouns sé or he 'is,' sí ea a 'ejus,' a (medializing) are identical with the corresponding forms in Irish: gé-cia qui.' Suffixed personal pronouns are in dó, ri-s and do-ib. Suffixed possessives: ara, cona, inna, dan. Of the infixed pronouns, which have for about 500 years been disused in Ireland, examples are d (do-ro-d-loeg), s (ro-s-benact), a (tarat-do-a-rat) and das in gon-das-tabrad. Demonstratives are sin, sain or sen, sunn. Pronominal adjectives: ele, ule, cach.

The only numerals which occur are the cardinals en 'one,' dá 'two,' cethri four,' and cét 'hundred,' and the ordinal ocmad 'eighth.'

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The verbal forms, with the exception of the pret. part. passive pústa and a few infinitives (attach, tabart, bennacht, mallact), are all in the 3d singular or plural is or es is the only example of the 3d sg. pres. indic. In almost all the preterites the particle ro is either prefixed or infixed: Prefixed sg. ro-(ƒ)alseg, rothidnaig, ro-gab, ro-laboir, ro-báith, ro-bo, ro-s-ben(n)ac(h)-t. Infixed do-r-aten, do-ro-d-loeg, fo-r-acaib. Plur.

do-ró-nsat.

do occurs in do-rat, do-chuid (now chaidh), do-ratsat and do-ratsatar, and (provected) in tánic (do+ánic, cf. Skr. anancha) now thainig, plur. tángator, O. Ir. táncatar (do+áncatar) and tarat (do+a+rat.)

The only example of the simple future is ticfa 'veniet' (do+icfa): bad 'esto' or bed is a 3d sg. imperative: the relative b-future is exemplified by chomallfas 'qui implebit :' the pres. conj. by gon-ice: the fut. conj. by bé.

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In the secondary present there are two forms, both conjunctive: sg. tabrad 'daret' and pl. déndas 'facerent.' Compare with the latter form the Mid. Ir. no-adratés, adorabant' which occurs in a gloss on Fíacc's hymn, 21. An example of the s-conjunctive is tissad or tisad' venerit' from *tic-sath *do-ic-sath. These s-conjunctives, which have long been obsolete in Ireland, were held by Siegfried (Beitraege zur vergl. sprachforschung, III, 51) to have been originally futures in s, like the Sanskrit forms in syâmi. Compare, too, Umbr. fuiest, e-est, Osc. didest. The form róis Z. 929, seems a clear example of a fut. indic. 2d sg.: so promsat, lobsat (Félire, Epil. 217). On the other hand there are some forms in s which can only be explained as perfects conj. like Lat. locassim, faxim, ausim (Ebel, Beitr. III, 262).

Adverbs: act, mar, ohunn imacc, as-a-athle-sen.

Prepositions: á, air, ar, as, cu (go), do, edar, fri, iarn (iar), in (i), le, ó (ua),ri. Nominal: ar-a-ginn, ar-a-és, dan-éis. Conjunctions: acus, gon (go), ma.

Negative particles: ná, ní.

115

INDEX TO THE WORDS IN THE FOREGOING

ENTRIES.

N.B.-The Roman numerals refer to those of the entries.

a pron. 'his' i. v. vi. Skr. asya :
a (nasalizing) for an 'their 'i.
'it,' infixed pron. for an in tarat
(for do-a-rat) i.

á prep. 'from'i.

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abb vi. ab iii. abbot.' n. pl. apid
(for abbid) in secnd-apid'secundi
abbates' (priors) Zeuss, G. C.

274.

abberdeon, iii. Aberdeen.
abbordoboir i, nom. civ. the Aber-

dour of Sir Patrick Spens?
abstoil iii. gen. s. of abstol. see
apstal.

achad ii. v., acchad v. now achadh

'field' gen. achaidh.

achad madchor, now Auchmachar
about 3 miles N.W. from the
church of Deir. S.
act, i. conj. 'sed.' éktóç.
acus v. conj. 'et.'

adam p. 108. nom. pr.
aechín see malachin.

aed gen. s. p. 108, leg. aeda.

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alban vi. gen. s. of Alba, Scot-
land.'

aldin v. now Aden, 'lands which
lie along the Ugie eastward from
the church.'

alenn v.?

S.

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dia-és, Fíacc's hymn 53 'after
him,' dian-eis Félire, Prol. 73
'after them.'

ara-ginn, i. 'before them' lit.

'on their head' cinn O. Ir.
ciunn.

arcill gen. sg. nom. pr. iii. mac
arcill-Cargill.

ard-chellaib vi. 'chief churches.'
dat. pl. of ard-chell.
ard-mandaidib vi.

'chief dwel-

lings.' dat. pl. of ard-meandad.
see mandaidib.

as i. prep. 'ex.'

athle i. asa aithlesin 1 SM. 302.
athotla p. 108' Athole.'

attac i. for attach precationi'?
ba, 'fuit.'

badesto.' So in Z. 617.

báith ii. 'mersit' 'immolavit,' ro-
bhaid vi. Gael. bàth 'merge.'
ball iv. ?

Bánb p. 108 Banff.'
Batin ii. gen. s.

bé i. 'fuerit.' gé-bé tísad lit. 'who-
ever (it) should be (that) should
come. The phrase seems part
of a couplet :

Gébé tíssad [gébé tíssad]

rís nábad blienec buadacc.
bead gen. sg. iii. v. for bethad?
gen. sg. of bethu 'life,' a masc t-
stem.

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brecini iii. gen. sg. nom. pr. briathar 'verbum': acc. sg. bréther i.

brigit nom. pr. gen. sg. Brigte ii.

Brigtæ ii. brite see gillebrite. brithem, iii. now breitheamh, gen. breitheamhan 'judex.'

brocín vi. and p. 108. nom. pr. dimin. of brocc badger.' buadacc (leg. buadach) 'victoriosus.'

buchan i. vi. gen. s. 'Buchan.' cach-hén v. cach-én V. would now be gach aon. cadraig, see cathraig. caerill ii. nom. pr. gen. sg.

cainnech cainnec ii. nom. pr. caennaig v. gen. s. calline nom. pr. gen. sg. iv.

cammone ii. ?

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cinn dat. s. of cenn now ceann 'caput:' W. penn, dat. pyn in er-byn. araginn i.=Corn. er aga fyn: igginn v. for in-ginn. clann gen. s. clande v. clenni vi. now clainne proles.' W. plant. clerec i. ii. (leg. clerech) clericorum.' gen. pl. of clérech now cléireach. Br. kloarek. cloch lapis,' cloic (leg. cloich), i. 'lapide,' 'lapidem.' cóbrig iii. gen. s. nom. pr. coir ii. dat. sg. of cor

6 manner :' air chor in a manner' air chor egin 'in some manner.' colbain vi. (leg. colbáin ?) nom. pr. columcille n. s. i. collumcille. dat.

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cuitid ii., acc. sg. nom. sg. mírín arain eorna án isse mo chuitid for clar, note on Félire, Ap. 4. culéon, ii., nom. pr. perh. the Ir. Cuiléncatulus.'

culíí ii. nom. pr.

d infixed pronoun, 3d sg. do-ro-dloeg, i.

dá nom. masc. ii. vi. 'two.' dabach vi. gen. pl. acc. dual dabeg ii. now dabhach, dabhoch s. f. lit. 'a vat,' but here used, like pint, pottle and gallon in Ireland, to denote a measure of land (Mr. Hennessy). Can the law-latin davata be a mistake for davaca?

dabaci, v.?

dabid iii.Dauid p. 108. dalta i. 'alumnus.' from do+alta a pret. part. pass. from the root AL.

dan 'to their' iv. O.Ir. dian, a

compound of do and an. das, infixed pronoun, 3d sg. fem. gon-das-tabrad, i. This form is also found in Broccán's hymn 35. cf. dom, Z. 336, dot (attotáig Z. 337-ad-dot-áig), did, dan, Z. 338. delerc ii.?

déndas ii. 'faciebant.' 3d plur. 2dy pres. of dénim.

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dér 108 Deir,' dear lacryma i.

p.

n. pl. déara i. now deur. W. dagr, δάκρυ.

derad ii. 'finem,' now deireadh. dia i. vi. 'deus' gen. dé i. dat. día ii. acc. dia, ii.

disad see tísad.

do 'of' i. vi. 'to:' ii. d'attac i. dó 'ei' i. ii.=dau in the Gaelic rubric. With mac dó i. lit. 'filius ei,' cf. rem-bás dáu before his death,' Lib. Arm. 17 a. 1, lit. before death to him.' buid domsa 'my being,' buith di 'her being,' buith dúnni 'our being,' | buith dúibsi 'your being,' coirp dunn' of our body,' hirisse dúibsi 'of your faith' Z. 892: la cach mbráthir duit 'with every brother

of thine,' Will of Cathair Mór. With these forms compare the Cornish plural possessives ag-an, ag-is, ag-a, Beitr. III, 156. dobarchon ii. gen. sg. of dobarchú now dobharchùan otter' lit. 'waterdog,' W. dyfrgi, Bret. dour-gi or ki-dour.

doboir gen. sg. see Abordoboir.
dochuid i. now do chaidh.
dogníu see dorónsat.
doib'iis' i.

dolaidib vi. dolodib iii. seems to mean ' exactions: cf. the modern dolaidh, doluidh 'loss,' 'harm.'

domin gen. s. iv. a dimin. of dom?

domnall ii. gen. sg. domnaill iii. domongart iii. nom. pr. donchad v. nom. pr. gen. donnchaid vi. doncado p. 108. donnachac vi. nom. pr. dorat i. ii. iv. v. ' dedit': 3d plur. s-pret. doratsat ii. iii. doratsatar

V.

doraten i. 2d sg. pret. act. of taitinn (do + aitinn) 'place,' 'oblecta,' 'satisfac.' Hence O. Ir. taitnemach.

do-ro-d-loeg, i. for do-ro-d-luig, 3d sg. pret. of doluigim, with the pronoun d infixed.

dorónsat i. 3d plur. s- pret. of dogníu 'facio.'

drostán nom. pr. i. gen. drostán i. dat. drostán i. ii. iii. iv. v. acc. drostán ii. vi. This name occurs in the Four Masters A.D. 717. dubbacín ii. gen. sg. nom. pr. dubni iii. nom. pr.

dún 'castrum' a neut. s-stem in duncallden dat. p. 108, duni callenn gen. sg. iii. 'Dunkeld' the Duin Caildenn, Dúin Cealláin of the Four Masters, A.D. 871, 864.

hé ii. ‘he'=Lat. is.

eclasi iii. gen. sg. of eclais, now eaglais s. f. from ecclesia. éda ii. gen. sg. of Aed-aloos. edar, ii. 'inter,' now eadar.

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