he had no fhare. In computing the whole affiftance, though we have varied a very little in particular parts, we have not materially erred; and the conclufion which we then drew must be valid, while our premifes are undifputed. Even the little dif ference may arife from the profeffor having quoted the fecond edition, but it is fo trifling that we need not enlarge our article by enquiring into it. Every part of this narrative is told with fimplicity, candour, and seemingly a fcrupulous minutenefs: it agrees alfo with what is known from other fources, and what may be discovered from the internal evidence. The fum then for which the note was given, a fum in itself great and difproportioned to the service, will still remain a difficulty: we fhall felect what Dr. White has faid on this fubject. While employed in tranflating the history of Egypt by Ab. dollatif, I could not but remark the deficiency of the common accounts of that country, and particularly during the middle ages, and the rich fources of information on the subject which were opened by the hiftorians of the Eaft. It was my original defign to draw from thefe fources fuch materials as might throw light on the dark æra I have mentioned. Afterwards, having extended my defign to a General History of Egypt, I foon difcovered that the execution of it would demand more time and labour than I could devote to it: and in this difficulty I applied to Mr. Badcock for his affiflance in the former part of this work. This application was made perfonally at South Moulton in July 1786, when I left 401. with Mr. Badcock, who was at that time employed in writing for fome periodical publications, and depended principally on the profits arifing from thefe employ ments. I was convinced that the attention he must neceffarily pay to the part of the history he had undertaken, would render his perfeverance in thefe labours in a great degree impracticable, and his means of fubfiftence fcanty and precarious. I was at the fame time fanguine in my hope that the work I had planed would prove uncommonly lucrative; and I therefore took an early opportunity of affuring Mr. Badcock that he fhould amply partake of its fruits. With this view, on the 7th of Auguft, 1786, I fent him the following note. Wadham College, Aug. 7, 1786. • £. 500.. I promise to pay the rev. Mr. Samuel Badcock, of South Moulton, Devon, the fum of five hundred pounds, at or before the times hereafter fpecificd, viz. fifty pounds in the prefent month, one hundred pounds in the next Oxford Lent term, and three hundred and fifty in July or August 1787. Witness iny hand, J. WHITE. I purposely avoided making the note payable to order, thinking, however, erroneously, that I should by this means afford 1 afford fecurity and encouragement to Mr. Balcock, without the rifque of its being presented for payment, fhould he die without rendering me the future affillance, for which it was defigned to compenfate. I conceived that the Ancient History of Egypt would make one volume quarto, and the Modern another, and that the whole work would produce fuch a fum as would enable me to difcharge the note, with a confiderable remainder to myself.' This narrative feems to leave the whole nearly in its former obfcurity. The force of our own obfervations muft remain ; that a note, without intereft, could be of little fervice to Mr. Badcock's circumstances; the period of payment was fo fhart, that no adequate fum could be received by the profeffor; and it could be of no advantage to Mr. Badcock in other views (for this is really the memorandum referred to), fince he engaged to make no ufe of it, living or dead. It appears that Dr. White thought this note one that he might refufe at pleasure; a reward for future fervices which might not be adequate to the fum; and yet neither circumstance is hinted at. Suppofing Mr. Badcock, in a moment of distress, had nogotiated this note, the circumstances which induced the profeffor to pay it fince his death, would ftill have operated; and Mr. Badcock, who received it without limitation or explanation, would have been blameless. A fecond edition of the Sermons was, we believe, at that time in forwardness; and Mr. Badcock had been promifed, whether defervedly is not the object of our enquiry, the whole of the profits from the fale. But thefe reflections are not of great importance: we implicitly believe the affiftance to have been no more than has been ftated, and Dr. White's conduct only militates against his prudence, his caution, and his activity. We know not the man who will defend the profeffor in either view. In the fubfequent letters, the picture is painful and diftreffing. Mr. Badcock complains of ill health, of head-achs; fees his friends finking around him under the most excruciating diseases, while penury feems to chill the current of his foul.'- And is this the lot of mortality? Muft the brilliancy of fancy, the acutenefs of perception, the force of judgment, be neceffarily connected with fibres fo tremblingly alive, fo irritable, that every motion will be painful, every disease death? When we glow with the reflection of the poet's fire, when we admire the acumen of the critic, and the penetration of the philofopher, we do not reflect on the condition of the author, or the price which His language in the letter, dated September 2, 1786, (p. 70.) seems to fhow that his future fervices would refult from gratitude, not from no ceflity. he pays for his fuperiority: we do not fee him tremble at every breeze, fart at every found, and fuffer on the flightest mental and bodily oppreffion. Thefe views, however, fuggefted by the feeling defcriptions of Mr. Badcock, by pictures which muft feverely pain the humane heart, are not connected with Dr. White's conduct. Mr. Badcock's diftrefs feems to have been freely relieved; but the money was never confidered as a part of the payment; it was in fmall fums, fuch as Dr. White could then procure, and fuch as was fufficient for the immediate wants of his correfpondent and affiftant. Of this Mr. Badcock never complained; but of neglect, of the profeffor's filence from November 2, 1787, to near the beginning of March, 1788; he fpeaks in terms of indignation, and a confcioufnefs of having deferved other treatment. • Dear Sir, Mr. B. to Dr. W. 'I am astonished at your filence and am weary of conjectures. Tell me the cause-tel! me, I adjure you, immediately-Write me, if but one line, and let me know fomething of yourself. I beg that on no confideration you would omit writing-if you' can hold a pen-and if not, defire fome friend only to inform me that my letter to you did not miscarry. You must excufe me if I tell you, that this neglect of me is as undeferved as it was unexpected. Your's ever, S. B.' We have, however, been credibly informed that at this time he was not in want of money. His frequent hints on this subject to Dr. White and others were chiefly to induce a payment of what he fuppofed to be his due." Mr. Badcock has been faid not to have been more cautious or more prudent than his friend, and, probably, neglecting to keep an account of the fums, or thinking them greatly inferior to the profits of the fale, might have thought his fervices undervalued. In the letter, however, which we have tranfcribed, he complains of filence only, and, probably in the moment of refentment, may have haftily betrayed the fecret which the profeffor's conduct, he might have thought, fufficiently excufed. The affiftance afforded by Dr. Parr is the next fubject of Dr. White's attention; and he has brought forward, with the fame rigid fcrupulofity, whatever, in confequence of their joint enquiries,could in any way be attributed to this coadjutor. The corrections and substitutions are pretty numerous: the additions are more inconfiderable. On the whole, they do not, in our opinion, form a great or an important part, and only prove more fully what we have faid before, that, to produce any thing peculiarly excellent, in different departments, can feldom be in the power of One person, whofe views must neceffarily be more confined, and his talents lefs varied. The Appendix relates to a fermon, procured by Dr. White from Mr. Badcock for a gentleman who applied to the profeffor. Amidst Dr. White's various and preffing engagements, at that time, his conduct does not seem blameable, and it certainly was not mercenary. An excellent fermon was wanted, and an excellent one procured. While we acquit Dr. White, however, in a literary court, we cannot help convicting him in another. Whatever may have been the refult; however his mind may have been hurt by the confequences of the fecret being betrayed; or by his paying a large fum for fervices not performed, he must still reflect, that to Mr. Badcock much of his fame and his prefent fituation are in a great degree owing. He must recollect that, alarmed at the attempt, at the shortnefs of the time allowed, by the expectations raifed from his former character, he would have fhrunk from the trial if Mr. Badcock had not offered to affift him. Though this offer may have been voluntary,' it is a little remarkable, that, in a moment of fo much business, on the eve of fuch an arduous undertaking, he should have been found in an obfcure corner in Devonshire, with the second fermon (fee p. 12.) in his pocket, merely by accident. He certainly fought after Mr. Badcock, was affitted ably by him, and the refult we well know. The affiftance does not greatly detract from Dr. White's reputation, and we could have wished to have found him more regardful of the memory and credit of his affiftant. Many flighting hints occur, which do lefs honour to his feelings, than the undisputed parts of the Bampton Lectures to his understanding. The first provocation was Dr. White's neglect; and it can be no imputation on Mr. Badcock, that he did not deftroy a note given without any referve or limitations. Bell's New Pantheon; or, Hiftorical Dictionary of the Gods, Demi-gods, Heroes, and fabulous Perfonages of Antiquity, &c. Richly embellished with Characteristic Frints. 2 Vols. 4to. 2l. 2s. Boards. Bell. A Competent acquaintance with the heathen mythology is fo neceffary towards understanding the ancient poets, that there is fcarcely any other fubject on which compilers have been more induftriously employed. In every production of this kind, the information being invariably the fame, we can expect but little diversity in the general ftrain of the narrative; and the chief difference between them will confift in the comparative limits of the plan and execution of the work. Most of the compilers have confined themselves ftrictly to the hiftory of fuch fabulous perfonages as are mentioned in the Greek and Latin poets, poets, whilft others have taken a wider excurfion among the objects of pagan idolatry. The work now before us is particu larly diftingu:fhed by the fuperior extent of its defign, as comprehending not only the vifionary deities of the claific writers, but those which occur amongst the more barbarous nations, ancient and modern, and in hiflory both facred and profane. It likewife, on fome occafions, delivers an account of the minifters, as well as the objects, of idolatrous worship; and hence we meet with a copious hiftory of the Druids, and their religious principles, continued through no less than ten pages. Befides a multiplicity of heroes, and of fictitious perfonages, of various defcriptions, the author has fometimes admitted into the work even abract ideas, which, however, as being connected with ancient manners and cuftoms, we should not confider as fuperfluous. Of this kind in the following article: ADORATION, the act of rendering divine honours, or of addreffing a being as fuppofing it a god. The word is compounded of ad, to, and os oris, the mouth, and literally fignifies to apply the hand to the mouth; manum ad os admovere, q. d. to kils the hand, this being, in the Eaft, one of the greatest marks of refpect and fubmiffion. The Romans practifed adoration at facrifices and other folemnities; in paffing by temples, altars, graves, &c. at the fight of ftatues, images, and whatever aught of divinity was fuppofed to refide in. Ufually there were images of the gods placed at the gates of cities, for thofe that weat in or out to pay their refpects to. The ceremony of adoration among the ancient Romans was thus: the devotee having his head covered, applied his right hand to his lips, the forefinger refting on his thumb, which was erect, and thus bowing his head, turned himself round from left to right. The kits fo given was called ofculum laboratum, for ordinarily they were afraid to touch the images of their gods themselves with their profane lips: fometimes, however, they would kifs their feet, or even knees, it being held an incivility to touch their mouth. Saturn, however, and Hercules, were adored with the head bare; whence the worship of the laft was called inftitutum peregrinum, and ritus Grecanicus, as departing from the customary Roman method, which was to facrifice and adore with the head veiled, and the clothes drawn up to the ears, to prevent any interruption of the ceremony by the fight of unlucky objects. The Jewish manner of adoration was by proftration, bowing, and kneeling. The Christians adopted the Grecian rather than the Roman method, and adored always uncovered. The ordinary posure of the ancient Chriflias was kneeling, but on Sunday's tanding; and they had a peculiar regard to the caft, to which point they ordinarily directed their prayers. The Perfian manner of adoration, introduced by Cyrus, was by bending the knee, and falling on the face at the prince's feet, triking the 5 earth |