trade of British possessions abroad," upon any articles imported into the said island, and if Her Majesty, by and with the advice of her Privy Council, assent to such act or Ordinance, acts or Ordinances, such duties of customs shall, upon the proclamation of such assent in the colony or at any time thereafter which may be fixed by such act or Ordinance, be so reduced or repealed in such possession as if such reduction or repeal had been effected by an act or acts of the imperial legislature, anything in any act to the contrary thereof notwithstanding: And whereas it is expedient to reduce or repeal certain duties of customs imposed by the last recited act on certain articles imported into the said Island of Mauritius: His Excellency the Governor in council has ordered and does hereby order :Change of duties on foreign articles.-Art. 1. In lieu of the duties of customs now chargeable, under the act last recited, on the foreign articles hereinafter next mentioned imported into the Island of Mauritius, the following duties shall be charged, levied, and recovered in the same manner as if they had been imposed by the last recited act, that is to say:

No abatement of such duties shall be made if any of the articles hereinbefore mentioned shall be imported through the United Kingdom, having been warehoused therein, and being exported from the warehouse, or the duties thereon, if there paid, having been drawn back.

Foreign articles exempted from duty-Art. 2. The duties of customs now payable. under the act last recited, upon the foreign articles hereinafter next mentioned imported into the Island of Mauritius, shall cease and determine, that is to say:

Bacon, beef salted, lard, pork salted, bran, wheat meal, pollard, dholl, lentils, leeches, vacoa leaves or vacoa bags, government stores and articles for the public service.

Art. 3. This Ordinance shall come into operation at such time as shall be fixed by a proclamation of the Governor.

Passed in council at Port Louis, Island of Mauritius, this 14th day of February, 1848.

XII.

FOR REPEALING THE TONNAGE DUES AND THE DUTIES ON COASTING VESSELS, AND FOR ALTERING THE DUTIES ON THE LICENSES OF BOATS, LIGHTERS, &c.

Whereas it is expedient to reduce or repeal certain colonial duties imposed by Ordinance No. 65 of 1830, No. 4 of 1840, and by a proclamation dated 16th December, 1823 : His Excellency the Governor in council has ordered and does hereby order :

Duties on boats and coasting vessels repealed.—Art. 1. The duties imposed by Ordinances No. 65 of 1830, and No. 4 of 1840, on boats and vessels employed in the coasting trade round the Island of Mauritius, and the regulations enacted by the said Ordinances are hereby repealed.

License required for vessels under 15 tons employed in the coasting trade.-Art. 2. All vessels under 15 tons burthen and which are not required to be registered under the act of Parliament 8 and 9 Vic., cap. 89, shall, when employed in the coasting trade round the Island of Mauritius, have a license from the collector of Her Majesty's customs; and if any such vessel be so employed without such license, the owner or owners shall be liable to a penalty not exceeding £10 sterling.

Tonnage duty on goods repealed.-Art. 3. The duty imposed by the thirteenth article of the proclamation, dated the sixteenth day of December, one thousand eight hundred and twenty-three, on goods landed from or shipped on board vessels in the harbor of Port Louis, and commonly termed tonnage duty, and the regulations enacted by the said article are hereby repealed.

Duty of 4s. per ton per annum to be levied on the licenses of boats, lighters, &c.Art. 4. In lieu of the duties imposed by the fifth article of the proclamation, dated the sixteenth day of December, one thousand eight hundred and twenty-three, on the licenses of boats, lighters, barges, and other craft employed in loading or unloading vessels or in supplying and discharging ballast, there shall be levied from and after the 31st day of March, one thousand eight hundred and forty-eight, on the licenses of boats, lighters, barges, and other craft employed for each, any, or all of the purposes aforesaid a duty of four shillings per ton per annum.

Art. 5. This Ordinance shall take effect from the day of its publication, with the exception of the duties imposed by the 4th article, which shall come into operation from and after the 31st of March next.

Passed in council at Port Louis, Island of Mauritius, this 14th day of February, 1848.

NEW NORWEGIAN TARIFF.

A letter recently received in this country from a reliable source at Stockholm, furnishes information which cannot fail to be interesting to persons engaged in the trade between the United States and Sweden and Norway, and to the readers of the Merchants' Magazine generally. Extracts from the communication referred to are subjoined.

"STOCKHOLM, August 1, 1848. "The Norwegian Storthing has recently adopted a new Tariff. The document in question is dated at Christiania, the 31st day of May, and will continue in force from its commencement, July 1, 1848, to the same date in 1851.

"Since the receipt of this Tariff, I have employed considerable time in a minute examination of its contents, and now submit an extract of such duties as bear especially on articles of American produce and manufacture.

"It may be remarked, in advance, that the Norwegian weights and measures are the same as those of Denmark. Their relative value and capacity-compared with those of the United States-will be found in the latter pages of this despatch.

"Adopting an alphabetical arrangement of the Norwegian Tariff, we extract the following duties:

"As to Norwegian weights and measures, it may be remarked that the pound is about one-tenth greater than that of the United States, giving actually for each 100 pounds Norwegian, 110 25-100 avoirdupois.

"The lispound contains 16 Norwegian, or about 17 English pounds.

"The Toende,' which has been translated barrels in the extracts given, may be estimated at a trifle less than 4 English bushels. When great is required, its contents are expressed by 3,950 bushels and decimals, being a very near approximation to the amount first stated.

"With 1,400 miles of sea-coast to protect from smuggling, the Norwegians have acted far more wisely than their neighbors. They have admitted many articles to the ports of Bod and Troms at half rates of duty, while at Hammerfert, Vard and Vads, they are duty free."

TARIFF REGULATIONS FOR CALIFORNIA.

The following circular, addressed by the Secretary of the Treasury to collectors and other officers of the customs, is published in the Merchants' Magazine for the information of merchants trading with that part of the American Union:—

TREASURY DEPARTMENT, October 7th, 1848.

On the 30th of May last, upon the exchange of ratifications of our treaty with Mexico, California became a part of the American Union; in consequence of which, various questions have been presented by merchants and collectors for the decision of this department." By the Constitution of the United States it is declared that "all treaties made, or which shall be made, under the authority of the United States, shall be the supreme law of the land." By the treaty with Mexico, California is annexed to this Republic, and the Constitution of the United States is extended over that territory, and is in full force throughout its limits. Congress, also, by several enactments subsequent to the ratification of the treaty, have distinctly recognized California as a part of the Union, and have extended over it in several important particulars the laws of the United States.

Under these circumstances the following instructions are issued by this department:1st. All articles of the growth, produce, or manufacture of California, shipped therefrom at any time since the 30th of May last, are entitled to admission free of duty into all the ports of the United States.

2d. All articles of the growth, produce, or manufacture of the United States are entitled to admission free of duty into California, as are also all foreign goods which are exempt from duty by the laws of Congress, or on which goods the duties prescribed by those laws have been paid to any collector of the United States, previous to their introduction into California.

3d. Although the Constitution of the United States extends to California, and Congress have recognized it by law as a part of the Union, and legislated for it as such, yet it is not brought by law within the limits of any collection district, nor has Congress author. ized the appointment of any officers to collect the revenue accruing on the import of foreign dutiable goods into that territory. Under these circumstances, although this depart

ment may be unable to collect the duties accruing on importations from foreign countries into California, yet, if foreign dutiable goods should be introduced there and shipped thence to any port or place of the United States, they will be subject to duty, as also to all the penalties prescribed by law when such importation is attempted without the payment of duties. R. J. WALKER, Secretary of the Treasury.

NAUTICAL INTELLIGENCE.

www

TO RIO AND OTHER TRADERS AND NAVIGATORS.

NATIONAL OBSERVATORY, Washington, August 9th, 1848. THE brig Oceanus, Captain Sullivan, with the wind and current charts on board, sailed March 13th, 1848, from Boston bound to Rio, where she arrived July 8th, after a passage of 117 days.

It is known that Captain Sullivan set out with the intention of taking the new route to the Equator. I say to the Equator, for at that time the Rio sheet was not published, and I had given no sailing directions as to going south from the Equator, further than to express the opinion that vessels would find no difficulty in weathering Cape St. Roque from the point where the new route requires them to cross the Equator.

Had Captain Sullivan been provided with the sailing directions which have since been given for clearing St. Roque, (which it was impossible for him to have,) and had he followed them with as much confidence as he did those for reaching the Equator, there is every reason for the belief that his passage to Rio would have been less by a week or ten days than the usual average.

That this long passage may not serve to prejudice navigators against the new route on the charts, I have deemed it proper to make the following statement, based on the abstract of the voyage which Captain Sullivan has been so kind as to send me.

With admirable judgment he followed the chart as far as it went, crossing the Equator on April 13th in about 31° 45′ W., on the 31st day out, which gave him a passage, so far, of 10 days less than the average by the same route. His guide went no further; and after crossing the Line, he was left to his own judgment.

I quote from the abstract which he has sent me :

18.

19. 20.

21.

Latitude. Longitude.
31° 38′ W.

Currents.

0° 5' W.

Winds and remarks.
East, moderate.
East, strong tide up.

1° 0′ W. 10° N. N. N. E., light wind.

66

E. E. & E., squalls and rain.

64

31° 50' W. 30° 59′ W. 32° 50′ W. 35° 10′ W. 34° 12′ W. 37° 15' W. 39° 40′ W. 39° 12′ W. 40° 20′ W. 41° 01' W. 40° 59' W. 41° 20' W. 42° 00′ W.

1° 0' W.

1° 5' W.
2° 5' W. by N.

E. S. E.,

66

2° 5' W. by N.

Variable from north.

April 12...... 0° 44′ N. 13...... 1° 39' S. 14...... 2° 10' S. 15...... 3° 05' S. 16...... 3° 57' S. 17. 3° 40' S. 2° 00' S. 1° 56' S. 1° 20' S. 0° 44' S. 0° 10' S. 0° 15' S. 24...... 0° 20' S. 25...... 0° 15' N. And so on, getting as far to leeward as 11° 30' N. in 52° W. Now it will be observed that the winds on the 18th and 19th were as fair as winds could blow for going to the southward, and that, instead of standing in that direction, the brig was running off to northward and westward at the rate of 210 miles one day and 140 the next.

2° 5' W. by N.
1° 7' W. by N.
1° 5' W. by N.
1° 9' W. N. W.
1° 9' W. N. W.
1° 2' W. N. W.
2° 0' W. N. W.
1° 5' W. N. W.

If she chose not to take advantage of a fair wind, it certainly can be no fault of the chart. June 21st, or 69 days after crossing the Line the first time, he crossed it again in very nearly the same place; where I again extract from his log:

And so on, weathering St. Roque without difficulty, and arriving at Rio July 8th.

Now, I submit it to any navigator to say whether the winds, notwithstanding the westwardly current, were not more favorable for clearing Cape St. Roque after crossing the Line the first time than they were the second; and I leave it to them, further, to say whether this journal is not calculated to inspire confidence as to my route.

I have the tracks of eight vessels that have sailed the new route to the Line, and the mean passage of the eight is short of 31 days, which is 25 per cent less than the average passage by the usual route.

More ample materials, collected since the chart was first published, have enabled me to give more specific sailing directions for this route. They will be ready for publication in a few days. But as vessels are daily departing in that direction, I will here remark that, at this season of the year, I would recommend them to cross the parallel of 30° N. in about 50° W.; to make the best of their way thence to 50 or 6° N. in about 30° W.; near which they may expect to meet the S. E. trades. After getting there, vessels are recommended to make the best of their way to southward, and, in case of their being not likely to clear St. Roque, they are advised not to tack, unless with a favorable slant of wind, but to stand boldly on until they get as near the land as it is prudent to go, recol lecting that, by so doing, all the chances of a change of wind are in their favor, and bearing in mind that the currents are generally not so strong close into the shore as they are some 50 or 100 miles from it, as the chart shows. When, however, they are compelled to tack, with the wind obstinately in their teeth, they are recommended to make short stretches of not more than twelve hours each. In proof of the advantages of so doing, I refer to the tracks of the "Osceola" and "Plymouth," last April, which are laid down in a broken green line. Those who will take the trouble to examine these two tracks will perceive that each of these vessels, had they have had the benefit of this suggestion, (which they had not,) would have saved several days between the Line and St. Roque. M. F. MAURY.

JOURNAL OF MINING AND MANUFACTURES.

THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A COTTON MILL IN INDIANA. THE FIRST CO-PARTNERSHIP BETWEEN THE FOOD AND COTTON PRODUCING DISTRICTS OF THE UNITED STATES.

Freeman Hunt, Esq., Editor of the Merchants' Magazine, &c.

DEAR SIR-The low prices of cotton and food in the Mississippi valley, has at length resulted in the commencement, on a large scale, of a third interest and employment in aid of the two first. The West and South have determined, by a fair experiment, to see if it is not more economical to manufacture their cotton and eat their corn at home.

The first movement is seen in the recent organization of the Cannelton Cotton Mill, chartered by the last legislature of Indiana, with a capital of $500,000, and to be operated at the Cannelton Coal Banks, in Perry county, Indiana, and on the bank of the Ohio River. This site affords superior coal at four cents per bushel; it is peculiarly healthy, is below all the important obstructions in the river, and is the centre of a rich food-producing district. The financial arrangements and sales will be made in this city, where there is a large banking capital.

The stockholders in the company are substantial men, who have taken hold of the thing to make money. They number thirty-six; twenty-one are residents of Kentucky, five of Indiana, two of Louisiana, six of Mississippi, and one of Arkansas. Together, they are able to put up a cotton factory of 10,000 spindles every year, and they doubtless will do this, if they realize, on the first, even the minimum of estimated profits, or 15 per cent. They are well known throughout the country, and the result of their operations will be looked for with great interest. If this is favorable, but a few years will elapse before we shall manufacture all the coarse cotton goods (say No. 14 and under) required here or elsewhere, and which are to be made from our cotton. The effect which this change will have here and abroad, is a problem I shall not attempt to solve. That it will be seen, is as sure as that the cheapest material, the cheapest food, and the cheapest power is likely to attract the cheapest labor, and must make the cheapest goods.

This Cannelton Cotton Mill will adopt the general principles and most of the details of the "Lowell system." Ten thousand spindles will be put in operation early next fall;