change in this respect among the American, native Canadian, and also not a few Pennsylvanian Dutch farmers, by whom the District I was settled after the American War of Independence. Extensive orchards are abundant, and large quantities of apples, peaches, and cider are annually shipped at Niagara.

along the British or American side of which the tourist will now proceed according to his selection of a steamboat at Queenston or Lewiston, is about one hundred and eighty miles long by about sixty * in its greatest breadth. It is two hundred and thirty-four feet above the Atlantic, is so deep that in many places it exceeds one hundred fathoms, and is never frozen over. It is the safest of the three Lakes for navigation, as it has several excellent harbours, and numerous bays. On the British side the usual route is straight across from the mouth of the Niagara to Toronto, a distance of thirty-six miles; although there is an opportunity of visiting the western extremity of the Lake, called Burlington Bay, afforded by a daily steamboat. This is distant about forty-five miles. About midway n is the opening of the Welland Canal at Port Dalhousie.-On the south side of the Bay at the western extremity lies the rapidly improving town of HAMILTON, which was laid out in 1813 by a person of that name, and now contains a population upwards of ten thousand. From being the principal market for the Western merchants it g seems destined to become second to no city in Upper Canada. An ample supply of excellent freestone and limestone behind the city e affords the means of erecting handsome buildings, of which the mer6 chants now generally avail themselves; and considerable quantities e are exported to Toronto and other places on the Lake. It is expected that it will soon be furnished with gas and water-works. From the Bay is seen Dundurn, the handsome mansion of Sir Allan M'Nab, lately Speaker of the House of Assembly. It returns one M.P.P. Three newspapers are published. It is worthy of notice that behind the city rise the Burlington Heights, a continuation of the ridge from t Queenston Heights, and that the same ridge stretches along gradually inwards till it recedes about twenty miles between Toronto and Hol

land Landing, separating the streams falling into Lake Simcoe from those that fall into Lake Ontario, and, as it advances eastwards, again approaches the Lake towards the Bay of Quinté. This formation has evidently at one time formed the boundary of the Lake, the same being visible on the American side.-There is a communication between the rising manufacturing town of Dundas and the western end of Burlington Bay by means of a canal, five miles in length, called the Desjardins Canal after a Frenchman who commenced the work. The prosperity of both places may be dated since the cutting of the Burlington Canal through the sandy beach that formed an impassable bar between the Lake and the Bay.--Betwixt Hamilton and Toronto there are seen in succession the towns or villages of Wellington Square, Oakville, and Port Credit. In the neighbourhood of the last is an Indian reserve, belonging to the Missisagua Indians, extending for one mile on each side of the river Credit. Their village was built by Government in 1825. They have a Methodist chapel and a school attached, besides a warehouse at the Port. It is gratifying to mention that the Indians here possess £1350 of the stock of the company that built the harbour at an expense of £2500, which might be so improved as to be rendered capable of affording refuge for any number of chips.

TORONTO

is the most populous city in Upper Canada, being upwards of twenty thousand. The site was selected by Governor. Simcoe in 1793, when only two Indian families resided on it. It was at first called York, but afterwards it was altered to the sonorous Indian name of Toronto or "The Place of Meeting." It was the Capital of the Up per Province from 1797 to 1841, when Lord Sydenham removed the Seat of Government to Kingston. It was apprchended that the removal would have caused a decline in its prosperity; but the energies of the citizens were roused, their trade has greatly increased, and the city itself is now well drained and paved, and supplied with gas and water. Of late years many handsome buildings have been erected, such as Osgoode Hall, St. George's Church, the Banks, the Lunatic Asylum, the Catholic Cathedral, and the Lyceum.

The city labours under the disadvantage of having no quarries, so that the private buildings are of brick. Property has increased greatly in value, and the rents of houses in good situations for business are upwards of £150 to £200. The principal public buildings are the Jail at the east end, the Court-house, the old Market-house, the new City Hall, the Upper Canada College, the old Parliament Buildings (partly occupied by the officials of King's College) and the Hospital, the last two of which lie towards the west end on the Bay. The stranger should visit the extensive and tastefully laid-out grounds of King's College, which will be a splendid edifice, should it ever be completed in the costly style which the finished portion presents as a specimen. This University is empowered to grant degrees in Arts and Sciences. The Free Church Presbyterians have a Theological Seminary and Academy, and the Congregationalists an Academy. The Lunatic Asylum and Observatory are worthy of a visit. There is a great number of institutions and societies for benevolent, religious, scientific, economical, and other objects. Ten newspapers and three monthly periodicals are published. The tonnage of steamboats owned here is about four thousand tons; and the yearly value of the Exports is estimated at £200,000. Toronto sends two members to the House of Assembly.-In coasting from Toronto to Cobourg, a distance of seventy-two miles, the villages or towns of Pickering, Windsor Harbour, Darlington and Port Hope, are passed in succession, all of which are well supplied with mills, and export several hundred thousand feet of lumber annually. COBOURG is well laid-out, and has a flourishing appearance. The merchants have established a Board of Trade. About a mile and a half to the west stand the Jail and Court-house, a handsome stone building. The principal building is Victoria College, which was constituted as such by Act of Parliament in 1842 with power to confer degrees in Arts and Sciences. It was originally founded by the Wesleyan Conference, but is unsectarian in its character. It is chiefly supported by a Legislative grant of £500 per annum, and by tuition-fees. It cost about £10,000, and contains Lecture-rooms, Chapel, Library, and Reading-room, which is, perhaps, overstocked with Canadian newspapers liberally forwarded by the Editors. It is commonly attended

by about fifty pupils, the majority of whom are boarders. There is a large cloth factory which, when in full operation, will employ about two hundred hands, and will be capable of turning out eight hundred and fifty yards per day. Three newspapers are published, the population is about five thousand, and the annual exports are estimated at £30,000.--It is worthy of remark that from Cobourg to Kingston, a distance of one hundred and five miles, a half is formed by the south shore of the fertile peninsula of Prince Edward, which is remarkably indented by the waters of the Bay of Quinté on the north, at the head of which the Trent is discharged after a winding course of one hundred miles from Rice Lake. BELLEVILLE, at the mouth of the Trent, is a thriving town with about three thousand five hundred of population, and two weekly newspapers. PICTON, the District town, is at the east end of the peninsula. On the top of a mountain in this peninsula is a remarkable lake, whose depth cannot be fathomed. At Tyendenaga on the north-east of this bay there is a very interesting settlement of Mohawk Indians, who separated from their nation in the State of New York about 1784. In 1793 they received from the Crown a large grant of land. In 1820 they surrendered nearly one-third in exchange for an annuity of £450. In 1835 they made a further surrender in trust to be disposed of for their benefit; so that their possessions do not now exceed sixteen thousand eight hundred acres. They live for the most part on detached farms scattered over the reserve. They have about fifteen hundred acres cleared, and about five hundred under tillage. There have been some instances of successful industry among them. A chief, named Hill, left by will at his death a few years ago considerable possessions to particular members of his family, who are at this day in full enjoyment of them. One of his sons, who is Catechist to the Missionary, recently built a wharf and commenced business as a general trader among his brethren in partnership with a white man. They possess stock and agricultural implements corresponding to their progress in husbandry. They were Christians long before their arrival in Canada, and were presented with a service of plate for communion as far back as the reign of Queen Anne. This they look upon with great respect, and the chief, in whose custody it re

emains, is always well pleased to exhibit it to the traveller. They are attached to the Church of England, and, their place of worship having become too small for the congregation, they have recently erected a commodious stone church, the expense of which has been defrayed out of their own funds. A missionary was first appointed in 1810 by the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts. Their present excellent missionary reports that during his incumbency they have been making a gradual advance in morals, piety, and industry. They support a school-master out of the produce of certain small rents, which they receive and manage themselves. Their number is about four hundred. It is highly gratifying to the Christian philanthropist to mark such progress among the descendants of the ancient proprietors of the American soil.-Between the Peninsula of Prince Edward and Kingston lies AMHERST ISLAND, SO called after Lord Amherst, one of the Generals in command of the British forces in 1760 when Canada was transferred to Britain. It was originally granted to Sir John Johnson for military services. The Earl of Mountcashel owns the principal part. The land is very good, and the tenants are in comfortable circumstances.--It is worth remarking -50. here that the real settlement of Upper Canada took place in 1783 at the close of the first American war. At that time many inhabitants of the United States, who had adhered to Britain during the unfor tunate contest, sought refuge within Canada. As they were generally in a very destitute state, the Government treated them liberally, and afforded them the utmost possible compensation for their losses and sufferings. With this view the whole land along the St. Lawbe rence above the French settlements to, and around, the Bay of Quinté was formed into townships. The settlers were termed the United Empire (U. E.) Loyalists, and besides an ample supply of land

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received farming utensils, building materials, and subsistence for two

years; and every member of their families, on attaining the age of twenty-one, had a donation of two hundred acres.

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