of the great movement from the rural districts into the towns, a displacement of population which is more or less general over Europe, and which proceeds as yet without any sign of reaction. The flow of population, for their habitations at least, to the suburbs of the great cities, is one of the most striking things in these tables. For instance, Everton (with Kirkdale), a suburb of Liverpool, had 35,776 people in 1851, and in 1861 the number was doubled. Another suburb, the parish of West Derby, increased its population from 33,014 to 52,740, nearly 60 per cent in ten years. So with Manchester; the town suburbs of Newton and Cheetham had 27,103 inhabitants in 1851, and 41,042 in 1861, 50 per cent more; and Pendleton rose from 16,974 to 24,448, 44 per cent. But the metropolis, thought so overgrown when it was so much smaller, presents everything upon the grandest scale. If we take up a map of London, we find these among the principal suburbs on the north side of the Thames -Poplar and Bow, Mild-end, Hackney, Islington, Kentish-town. Hampstead, St. Mary's, Paddington, and Kensington; those districts contained 328,880 inhabitants in 1851, and in 1861 they had 533,153, an increase in this large population of 62 per cent, or more than 200,000, being an addition to these suburbs of London of a number of persons exceeded by the entire population of only four provincial towns in all England. Or taking another suburb, the southeastern-Walworth, Peckham, Norwood, Snydenham, and Plumstead increased in ten years from 70,974 to 123,629, a growth of 74 per cent. These figures show in what direction the tide sets, and though it has covered districts where our fathers saw meadows, that is better than deepening in the old streets and courts. But while the census show us in various spots this astounding rise of a host of families, as if from the earth, it declares also that there is a smaller population to be counted levant and couchant in the heart of London and some other towns than there was ten years ago. Taken as a whole, the more crowded part of London contained 1,150,000 people in 1851, and about the same number were found there in 1861, but it is something to have thrown into the suburbs the increase of the ten years

in the whole metropolis 440,000, almost precisely the population of Liverpool. It is true that the population of the central portion of London has not remained the same in all its districts; Some are better off than they were, and some worse; north of the Thames (speaking still of this central and more crowded section) there has been a decrease of 11,000 or 12,000, and on the south side there has been a corresponding increase. But even in the south there is a far greater tendency to increase in the adjoining suburbs than in the hive that has settled along the river side; and it can hardly be that improvement will not spread from the north to the south, and part of the crowded population, willingly or unwillingly, disperse themselves over a larger area.

JOURNAL OF BANKING, CURRENCY, AND FINANCE.

1. CITY WEEKLY BANK RETURNS-NEW YORK BANKS, PHILADELPHIA BANKS, BOSTON BANKS, PROVIDENCE BANKS. 2. WEEKLY STATEMENT BANK OF ENGLAND. 8. BANKS-CENSUS RE PORT. 4. PAPER FOR BANK OF ENGLAND NOTES STOLEN. 5. THE FIRST PAPER MONEY IN EUROPE. 6. THE BANKS AND THE TAX BILL. 7. BANKS OF ILLINOIS.

Date.

11,.....

18,.....

66 25,.

February 1,

"6 8..

46

15,.

66

22,..

March

1,....

46

8,.....

66

15,.....

22......

29,....

CITY WEEKLY BANK RETURNS.

Loans.

97,601,279

115,376,881 94,428,071 106,973,432 94,082,625 111,336,384 93,759,063 114,738,013

95,179,340 118,529,377 124,396,738

NEW YORK BANKS. (Capital, Jan., 1862, $69,493,577; Jan, 1861, $69,890,475.) Weekly Specie. Circulation. Net Deposits. Clearings. January 4,..... $154,415,826 $23,983,878 $8,586,186 $111,789,233 $100,642,429 152,088,012 25,373,070 8,121,512 113,889,762 105,634,811 149,081,433 26,120,859 7,369,028 113,327,160 107,782,780 145,767,680 26,698728 6,828,017 110,874,786 100,001,959 144,675,778 27,479,583 6,404,951 112,057,003 93.791,629 143,803,890 28,196,666 6,077,417 110,637,557 118,216,297 141,994,192 28,114,148 5,762,506 110,430,475 105,102,177 189,950,958 28,875,992 5,489,496 109,079,076 111,346,066 137,674,238 29,826,959 5,363,944 107,974,499 109,854,823 133,055,148 30,436,644 5,869,206 103,715,728 118,512,576 130,622,776 30,773,050 5,904,866 100,296,704 118,957,978 127,615,306 32,023,390 6,260,309 125,021,630 32,841,802 6,758,313 124,477,484 33,764,382 7,699,641 123,412,491 34,594,668 8,004,843 123,070,263 34,671,528 8,064,663 125,086,825 35,297,944 8,118,571 101,897,485 133,406,418 35,175.828 8,482,782 109,634,535 140,952,471 138,948,211 82,239,868 9,830,321 115,559,206 181,113,537 142,290,782 30,280,697 8,727,328 120,003,929 167,390,055 142,950,149 30,672,760 8.592,676 122,602,864 142,828,565 142,671,414 31,397,284 8,535,149 125,434,755 136,893,373 142,318,381 31,248,882 8,813,603 125,566,961 148,123,103 144,014,350 81,162,048 8,814,322 125,643,375 165,521,454 146,839,762 31,047,945 8,849,183 126,684,422 168,059,995 148,346,422 30,832,626 8,910,344 127,860,708 154,890,447 5, 148,643,718 31,790,519 9,270,815 127,496,534 149,748,923 12,..... 147,997,436 32,098,174 9,212,397 127,538,055 167,789,726 148,827,423 31,926,609 9,155,301 129,485,977 161,066,594 149,768,293 33,064,575 9,244,953 182,427,178 150,517,844 84,022,490 9,311,868 137,112,937 151,190,203 84,611,069 9,221,504 189,544,680 152,828,731 85,301,778 9,237,206 142,084,051 154,855,704 85,588,486 9,356,635 143,347,341 158,278,552 85,640,982 9,454,806 141,971,741 150,875,167 158,435,859 36,138,928 9,645,965 142,663,036 154,074,880 157,828,513 37,125,245 9,719,126 144,991,062 155,813,245 158,299,288 37,863,037 9,789,060 148,680,458 179,681,651

May

17,.

24,. 31,. 7,.

14,...

21,.

28,...

19,..... 26,.... August 2,..

162,650,811

149,167,638.

189,926 277

139,796,908

147,659,087

PHILADELPHIA BANKS. (Capital, Jan., 1862, $11,970,130,)

Due

Due
Loans.
Specie. Circulation. Deposits. to banks. from banks.
$31,046,537 $5,688,728 $2,145,219 $21,396,014 $3,645,956 $1,796,805

1,702,716

31,145,938 5,692,123 2,162,152 21,324,510 8,992,952
30,601,160 5,733,450 2,120,756 20,698,496 4,120,261 1,575,116
30,385,606 5,821,323 2,121,146 20,058,098 4,209,006 1,858,688
30,385,319 5,884,011 2,144,398 20,068,890 4,572,872 1,707,136
29,974,700 5,923,874 2,191,547 19,032,535 4,890,288 1,587,481

18,692,182 4,661,442 2,052,031
18,777,300 5,205,203 1,935,414
18,541,190
17 375,771
17,253,461

5,218,383 1,828,383

5,181,834 1,733,169

29,388,544 5,849,354 2,191,512
29,280,049 5,867,686 2,230,605
29,393,856 5,881,108 2,343,493
28,083,499 5,869,730 2,575,503
28,723,835 5,897,891 2,632,627
5,342.876 1,649,137
28,350,615 5,915,535 2,707,804 17,066,267 5,210,365 1,774,162
27,831,333 5,884,314 2,904,542 17,024,198 5,100,186 2,184,892
28,037,691 5,886,424 3,378,970 16,636,538 5,607,488 2,231,889
28,076,717 5,912,870 3,496,420 18,112,446 4,868,842 2,634,171
28,246,733 6,046,260 3,525,400 19,011,833 4,548,327 2,504,147
28,793,116 6,052,827 3,613,994 20,223,556 4,470,674 3,128,069
29,524,432 6,049,685 3,759,692 21,316,614 4,531,837 3,823,659
29,966,347 5,728,028 3,867,200 23,002,263 5,118,541 4,981,291
31,121,563 5,529,221 4,045,696 23,385,009 5,597,984 4,804,956
31,589,603 5,587,012 4,186,055 23,973,478 5,472,615 5,120,902
31,747,070 5,583,482 4,335,013 24,884,644 5,373,322 5,372,748
31,951,715 5,632,307 4,354,599 24,973,011 5,161,280 5,355,034
32,132,654 5,630,503 4,298,023 24.807,057 5,036,828 5,396,328
32,554,655 5,609,926 4,324,735 24,143,314 5,144,628 4,800,094
82,911,578 5,573,999 4,430,057 24,410,423 5,583,644 5,283,273
33,206,661 5,545,007 4,749,220 24,307,782 5,733,574 5,422,124
33,118,502 5,579,945 4,859,921 24,183,604 5,936,594 5,415,203
33,086,808 5,613,724 5,005,583 24,485,817 5,794,325 5,219,445
33,383,373 5,579,788 5,055,276 24,764,281 5,918,294 5,308,984
33.517,900 5,660,187 5,026,070 24,658,289 5,984,242 5,406,075
33,543,878 5,652,730 4,999,935 24,217,855 6,339,018 5,204,511
33,506,039 5,552,605 5,006,351 24,147,814 6,400,880 5,316,223
33,781,575 5,483,051 5,002,418 24,237,662 6,533,786 5,446,155
83,899,351 5,543,160 5,071,855 24,597,596 6,518,107 5,322,089
84,631,350 5,546,157 5,192,935 25,062,171 6,632,905 5,139,978
35,015,676 5,515,044 5,177,587 24,780,163 7,420,242 5,104,687
34,871,535 5,449,027 5,174,550 24,194,214 7,702,489 5,212,073

BOSTON BANKS. (Capital, Jan., 1862, $38,231,700; Jan., 1861, $38,231,700.)

66 13,...

46 20,...

66 27,... Feb 3,

46

66

10,.

17,.

Loans.

Dne Due Date. Specie. Circulation. Deposits. to banks. from banks. Jan. 6,... $65,612,997 $8,920,486 $6,451,587 $27,093,839 $9,187,924 $8,701,873 64,704,039 8,580,607 6,612,512 25,642,994 9,634,227 8,805,255 64,409,585 8,585,277 6,549,871 25,441,327 9,547,319 9,018,388 63,025,191 8,562,175 6,284,268 24,030,776 9,593,545 8,727,348 62,628,793 8,529,483 6,260,299 23,500,321 9,727,783 8,766,415 62,340.600 8,514,600 6,616,000 22,784,700 9,892,600 8,965,500 62,587,788 8,410,890 6,469,309 22,034,794 9,653,725 8,315,887 62,053,640 8,341,588 6,580,205 21,515,228 9,625,869 8,644,860 61,678,500 8,364,500 6,318,700 21,208,500 9,681,500 8,982,600 61,834,500 8,409,585 6,693,139 20,740,208 9,906,110 8,450,721 17,... 61,747,000 8,471,000 6,364,800 20,554,000 9,790,000 7,981,000 64 24,... 61,655,420 8,441,058 6,219,512 20,326,087 9,715,256 7,669,531 61,360,789 8,441,196 5,908,272 19,975,018 9,434,782 6,978,527 61,208,974 8,674,170 6,557,152 21,014,000 9,245,088 8,133,124 61,058,969 8,688,573 6,170,383 21,009,010 8,949,259 7,173,374 61,019,787 8,679,356 5,924,906 21,570,017 8,529,277 6,946,164

.66 24,...

Mar. 3,...

10,.

46 31,.

Apr. 7,...

66

14,.

21,...

Due
to banks.
8,493,004

Due from banks. 7.818,530

8,655 206 9,898,508 9,197,744 11,755,589

9,614,737 13,105,350

Loans. Specie. Circulation. Deposits. 60,441,452 8,666,797 5,500,396 22,402,134 59,805,545 8,593,990 5,455,815 23,823,199 59,521,251 8,422,738 5,537,937 24,827,121 60,059,635 8,304,534 5,602,844 25,792,916 60,266,275 8,108,695 5,503,756 26,264,656 10,029,198 13, 95,636 60,677,367 8,089,723 5,348,138 26,730,486 10,226,491 13,924,896 62,059,198 7,983,425 5,696,413 26,277,021 10,610,702 12,888,04% 62,591,341 7,894,899 5,875,612 25,602,048 10,632,170 11,884,692 63,056,262 7,850,634 6,159,115 25,994,738 10,644,000 12,122,000 63,638,999 7,8 14,87 6,131,019 26,237,754 10,678,205 12,265,781 6,943,827 26,868,862 11,686,142 13,869,180 7,091,000 26,685,000 12.675,700 13,624,000 65,939,168 7,980,780 6,840,474 26,808,242 13,436,486 14,060,762 66,168,806 7,963,696 6,618,160 26,698,825 13,583,589 13,197,239 66,836,729 7,956,702 6.633,822 27,315,402 14,013,524 13,473,620 67,508,527 7.967.761 6.768,178 26,816.409 14,409,359 12,379,978 68,234,988 7,975,427 6.778,260 26,572,677 14,854,778 12,566.167 68,843,323 8,055,402 6.772.215 26,791,827 15,690,425 13,231,313

64,590,268

44 14,...

65,635,000

7,934 037
7,978,000

69,130,636 8,043,888 6,815,923 26,646,647 15,951,097 13,105,871 69,788,676 8,006,695 7.065,156 26,942,687 15,982,000 13,106,000 69,958,000 7,968,000 7,153,000 26,140,600 17,683,000 13,902,000 70,332,897 7,968,546 7,239,383 25,970,904 17,594,158 13,585,410

PROVIDENCE BANKS. (Capital, Jan., 1862, $15,454,600.)

Due

Dne from banks. $915,400

1,071,500

898,500

959,400

1,057,400

871,800

925,500

900,400 934,700

911,100 1,081,000

Loans Specie. Circulation. Deposits. to banks. $19,356,800 $408,700 $1,889,600 $3.054,600 $1,099,800 19,238,700 402,900 1,890,300 2,899,200 19,160,600 894,700 1,756,500 2,899,600 19,160,600 394,700 1,811,100 2,950,500 19,087,700 395.900 1,814,300 2,915,200 19,109,400 394,800 1,784,000 2,762,200 18,869,800 896,800 1,879,100 2,792,700 18,920,500 407,500 1,791,200 2,924,400 18,953,900 405,100 1,973,500 3,030,600 18,998,600 408,500 1,848,100 2,946,800 19,148,400 408,300 1,879,200 3,060,900 1,985,000 1,407,700 19,360,500 411,300 1,857,100 3,078,800 1,021,000 1,165,400 19.641,000 417,500 2,102,000 3,124,000 1,115,500 1,063,200 19,719,200 416,600 2,036,800 3,017,700 1,081,000 19,644,500 408,600 1,953,400 3,015,900 19,620,300 413,700 1,877,200 3,123,500 19,538,410 417,378 1,979,828 3,134,601 19.070,200 410,300 1,969,400 3,164,700 1,132,500 1,714,400 19,236,100 395,600 2,016,600 3,342,400 1,653,000 2,101,900 19,641,600 388,500 2,182,700 3,274,600 1,666,500 19,827,500 385,500 2,324,900 3,153,600 1,627,500 20,295,500 383,400 2,510,500 3,283,200 1,873.500 20,588,800 382,100 2,888,300 3,531,500 1,763,900 20,416,400 388,000 2,953,800 3,183,100 1,744,600 20,494,600 384,800 2,980,200 3,347,300 1,918,500 21,078,400 376,400 3,148,100 4,282,200 2,061,800 21,051,000 367,600 3,086,700 3,780,500 1,646,200 1.927,500 21,119,500 363,300 3,102,000 8,569,900 1,801,600 2,090,700 21,279,200 355,700 3,394,200 3,704,200 1,844,800 1,683,300 21,804,200 35,690 3,484,300 3,731,600 1,710,800 1,642,800

894,800

845,400

BANK OF ENGLAND.

WEEKLY STATEMENT.

Date. Jan. 1..

8....

" 15.

64

22

....

....

Feb. 5.... 06 12.

Public

Private

Deposits. Securities.

Coin and
Bullion.

Rate of Discount.

Circulation. Deposits. £20,818,190 £7,345,833 £15,036,062 £30,419,730 £15,961,439 3 pr. ct. 21,086,675 4,542,974 18,206,488 $1,022,505 16,046,017 24" 21,460,925 4,583,353 16,480,452 29,509,864 16,291,626 24 21,697,928 5,467,840 15,366,081 29,464,720 16,350,939 24 29. 21,183,376 5,753,063 14,751,486 28,696,456 16,280,369 21 21,427,554 5,788,441 14,179,917 28,834,352 15,956,903 21 21,236,312 4,884,989 15,526,334 29,010,241 16,042,949 24 66 19. 20,772,726 5,397,144 15,085,843 28,771,812 15,894,405 24 "26.... 20,736,715 5,762,849 14,939,742 29,024,962 15,749,065 21 Mar. 5.... 21,217,246 6,755,287 13,737,507 29,692,441 15,673,898 24 20,013,685 7,527,911 18,763,718 29,489,795 16,027,111 21 20,483,509 8,011,694 13,340,928 28,953,089 16,548,586 21 20,814,655 8,413,275 13,154,258 29,140,207 16,812,798 24 21,501,595 8,456,468 13,622,532 30,398,790 16,849,198 24 9.... 21,822,105 5,625,314 16,336,169 29,981,793 16,881,940 24 22,048,463 5,225,132 15,710,260 29,325,888 16,743,434 21 21,655,553 5,584,973 15,915,247 29,022,128 17,172,204 24 21,946,997 6,867,375 14,357,007 29,164,075 17,089,446 21 May 7.... 21,752,884 7,503,991 13,866,643 28,961,214 17,265,745 24

21,618,780 6,304,683 14,948,308 29,076,079 16,919,147 24 21,539,430 6,557,811 14,567,671 29,433,044 16,344,940 3 21,265,561 6,937,808 14,685,087 29,824,704 16,178,815 3 21,515,263 7,518,007 13,188,136 29,841,864 15,489,723 3 21,329,641 8,825,516 18,156,662 $1,396,492 15,036,100 3 21,076,059 9,322,949 13,085,271 31,342,547 15,268,453 3 21,172,057 9,629,594 13,399,245 31,424,661 15,909,638 3 July 2.... 22,242,361 9,672,345 13,851,869 32,709,039 16,220,771 3 9.... 22,504,490 5,429,939 17,199,715 31,287,912 17,055,537 2 23,085,409 5,223,380 17,063,630 80,942,358 17,671,890 2 22,942,503 5,291,213 17,202,923 30,631,501 18,060,617 2 22,933,036 5,895,840 16,903,068 30,542,050 18,448,443 2 23,378,393 6,157,358 15,232,959 30,162,297 17,956,938 2 22,920,727 6,838,546 14,594,854 29,929,352 17,778,846 2 22,900,555 7,150,252 14,568,007 80,309,703 17,674,604 2 22,079,890 7,508,882 14,865,006 30,106,295 17,678,698 2 22,348,918 7,671,984 14,973,470 30,808,748 17,825,220 2

Among the evidences of prosperity and general accumulation of wealth in the United States, the multiplication of banks with increased aggregate capital is one of the most significant. When, as in this country has been generally the case, individual promises representing produce and merchandise, and made available through the instrumentality of banks, are almost the sole means by which commodities pass from the producers to the consumers, the increased action of the banks becomes the index of larger production and more active trade. Where crops and the products of manufacturing industry are more abundant, the aggregate amount of paper created by their interchange is larger, and the negotiations of this paper require greater banking facilities. This want usually manifests itself in a more lucrative banking business, which draws more capital into that employment. Such a state of affairs presented itself during the decade which closed with 1860. The bank movement in the United States during that period under