animated as a preacher in the pulpit; his stentorian voice occasionally rose to such a pitch as to astound the Indians. encamped in the vicinity. Moreover, it so happened, one night, that, carried away by the intensity of his zeal, Peter held forth with the whole force of his lungs, as though he had had an audience of ten thousand people; and the Indians, believing he had gone mad, raised a tumult round the house as though they had been devils let loose from hell. To calm them, we were obliged to get Harriet to say that our orator was engaged in exorcising evil spirits.

We had intended leaving Haws's hospitable roof on the 7th of September, when, at the time fixed for our departure, George was suddenly taken ill, so that we could not start. The evening of the same day, an old savage informed us that the Indians, instigated by the spirit of plunder, and encouraged by the small number of emigrants who were crossing the plain that year, were ruthlessly attacking all white travellers and blockading the route to the Salt Lake. They had endeavoured to pillage all emigrant convoys in the neighbourhood of Goose Creek, and they had just completely stripped a caravan of seventeen Mexicans. They had also murdered several Americans. This by no means encouraging news induced us indefinitely to postpone our departure. Haws sent a messenger to Sokopitz, the chief of the valley, begging him to come and see him. The chief soon arrived with his band of hunters. He was a man of about twenty-five years of age, rather small, thin,

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well-made for one of his race, and possessing some intelligence. His countenance indicated cunning and ferocity, notwithstanding which, Mr. and Mrs. Haws were well satisfied of his gentleness. He had no distinctive characteristics, except that he was perhaps more reserved than the generality of Indians. His hair, worn long, as is their custom, hung in plaits at the side of his head. His entire clothing consisted in a coloured shirt, black pantaloons, and a felt hat, and a revolver was suspended from his belt. He was the husband of the two best-made women of the tribe. He knew a few words of English, and invariably answered Mrs. Haws, “Yes, Sir!' The other Indians did not appear to show any deference whatever to him. He was constantly accompanied by a younger brother, who was remarkably stout. Some Canadian trappers, with whom this brother had passed several years beaver-hunting, had given him the name of "Bourgeois," and he was known by no other. More careful of his person than his brother, he was dressed in a blue blanket and deer-skin trousers; his hair was ornamented with trinkets and a copper disk, a sign of his rank. His white horse was also handsomer than those of the others. He frequently wore a cap of rabbit-skin, to which were suspended several tails of that animal; and he was excessively fond of painting his face.

Mr. Haws proposed to Sokopitz that he should raise a small force, and set out to punish the Indians who had been murdering and plundering. He replied that he had

SÖKÖPITZ

avi'd no des inous de la grande na as one inver

hief of one of the tribes of the great Shoshones not one

nothing to do with the guilty Shoshonès, but could rely on the Indians of his district. We then asked him whether he would accompany us as far as the Salt Lake. He requested two days to consider the proposal. We granted them; and at the expiration of that time he intimated to us, that he would take advantage of our company to pay a visit to the United States' Indian Agent, although he had not originally intended doing so till the next spring. The company of the chief was so far fortunate for us, inasmuch as his presence might be a protection.

We were again detained at Haws's by sudden and unaccountable attacks of indisposition. George nearly died of a malady greatly resembling a violent and sudden attack of cholera. He had the colic so violently that his shrieks were dreadful; his face was sadly drawn up, and he appeared as though he had been ill for months. I too experienced a slight attack of dysentery, and one evening Mrs. Haws found me in a swoon, and by great care brought me to; and even Mr. Brenchley did not get off without indisposition. Ipecacuanha, which had already several times proved a wonderfully efficacious remedy during our travels in Polynesia, and with which we were always provided, was again our friend on this occasion.

Mr. Haws, wishing to take advantage of our caravan and the escort of Sokopitz, resolved to accompany us. He set to work and repaired an old waggon, and we determined to take a direct line to the southern point of the