made of the bark of a tree, with mine own hands, since I was cast a-shore.

Cal. I'll swear, upon that bottle, to be thy true subject; for the liquor is not earthly.

Ste. Here; swear then how thou escap'dst. Trin. Swam a-shore, man, like a duck; I can swim like a duck, I'll be sworn.

Ste. Here, kiss the book: Though thou canst swim like a duck, thou art made like a goose.

Trin. O Stephano, hast any more of this? Ste. The whole butt, man; my cellar is in a ock by the sea-side, where my wine is hid. How now, moon-calf? how does thine ague?

Cal. Hast thou not dropped from heaven?1 Ste. Out o' the moon, I do assure thee: I was the man in the moon,2 when time was.

Cal. I have seen thee in her, and I do adore thee; my mistress shewed me thee, and thy dog, and thy bush.

Ste. Come, swear to that: kiss the book: I will furnish it anon with new contents: swear.

Trin. By this good light, this is a very shallow monster:-I afeard of him?-a very weak monster: The man i' the moon?-a most poor credulous monster:-Well drawn, monster, in good sooth.

Cal. I'll shew thee every fertile inch o' the island;

And I will kiss thy foot: I pr'ythee, be my god. Trin. By this light, a most perfidious and drunken monster; when his god's asleep, he'll rob

his bottle.

I'll fish for thee, and get thee wood enough.
A plague upon the tyrant that I serve!
I'll bear him no more sticks, but follow thee,
Thou wondrous man.

Trin. A most ridiculous monster; to make wonder of a poor drunkard.

a

Cal. I pr'ythee, let me bring thee where crabs grow;

And I with my long nails will dig thee pig-nuts;
Shew thee a jay's nest, and instruct thee how
To snare the nimble marmozet; I'll bring thee
To clust'ring filberds, and sometimes I'll get thee
Young sea-mells from the rock: Wilt thou go
with me?

Ste. I pr'ythee now, lead the way, without any more talking.-Trinculo, the king and all our company else being drowned, we will inherit here. Here; bear my bottle. Fellow Trinculo, we'll fill him by and by again.

Cal. Farewell, master; farewell, farewell.
[Sings drunkenly.
Trin. A howling monster; a drunken monster.
Cal. No more dams I'll make for fish;
Nor fetch in firing
At requiring,

Nor scrape trenchering, nor wash dish;
'Ban 'Ban, Ca-Caliban,

Has a new master-Get a new man.

Freedom, hey-day! hey-day, freedom! hey-day, freedom!

Ste. O brave monster! lead the way. [Exeunt.

1 The Indians of the Island of S. Salvador asked by signs whether Columbus and his companions were not come down from heaven.

2 The reader may consult a curious note on this pas sage in Mr. Douce's very interesting Illustrations of Shakspeare; where it is observed that Dante makes Cain the man in the moon with his bundle of sticks; or A other words describes the moon by the periphrasis Caino e le spine"

ACT III.

SCENE I.-Before Prospero's Cell. Enter FER DINAND, bearing a Log.

Fer. There be some sports are painful; and their labour

Delight in them sets off: some kinds of basen ess
Are nobly undergone; and most poor matters
Point to rich ends. This my mean task
Would be as heavy to me, as odious; but
The mistress, which I serve, quickens what's dead,
And makes my labours pleasures: O, she is
Ten times more gentle than her father's crabbed;
And he's composed of harshness. I must remove
Some thousands of these logs, and pile them up,
Upon a sore injunction: My sweet mistress
Weeps when she sees me work; and says, such

baseness

I have broke your hest" to say so! Fer.

I

Admir'd Miranda!

Indeed, the top of admiration; worth
What's dearest to the world! Full many a lady
have ey'd with best regard; and many a time
The harmony of their tongues hath into bondage
Brought my too diligent car: for several virtues
Have I lik'd several women; never any
With so full soul, but some defect in her
Did quarrel with the noblest grace she ow'd,"
And put it to the foil: But you, 0 you,
So perfect, and so peerless, are created
Of every creature's best."

3 A smaller species of sea-gulls.

4 Pope changed and to but here, without authority we must read and in the sense of and yet.

5 Molliter austerum studio fallenie laborem.-HotSat. ii. 1. 2.

So, in Macbeth:

"The labour we delight in physics pain." 6" Tu mihi curarum requies, tu nocte vel atra Lumen." Tibull, lib. iv. el. 13. 7 See Note 27, p. 26. 8 See Note 37, p. 31. 9 In the first book of Sidney's Arcadia, a lover says of his mistress:

"She is herself of best things the collection." In the third book there is a fable which may have been in Shakspeare's mind.

Mira

I do not know One of my sex; LO woman's face remember, Save, from my glass, mine own; nor have I seen More that I may call men, than you, good friend, And my dear father: how features are abroad, I am skill-less of; but, by my modesty, (The jewel in my dower,) I would not wish Any companion in the world but you; Nor can imagination form a shape, Besides yourself, to like of: but I prattle Something too wildly, and my father's precepts I therein do forget.

Fer.

I am, in my condition,

To weep at what I am glad of.

Pro.

Fair encounter
Of two most rare affections! Heavens rain grace
On that which breeds between them!
Fer.
Wherefore weep you?
Mira. At mine unworthiness, that dare not
offer

What I desire to give; and much less take,
What I shall die to want: But this is trifling;
And all the more it seeks to hide itself,

The bigger bulk it shows. Hence, bashful cunning!
And prompt me, plain and holy innocence!
I am your wife, if you will marry me ;

If not, I'll die your maid: to be your fellow3
You may deny me; but I'll be your servant,
Whether you will or no.

Fer.

And I thus humble ever.

Mira.

My mistress, dearest,

My husband then?

SCENE II-Another part of the Island. Enter STEPHANO and TRINCULO; CALIBAN following with a Bottle.

Ste. Tell not me;-when the butt is out, we will drink water; not a drop before: therefore bear up, and board 'em: Servant-monster, drink to me. Trin. Servant-monster? the folly of this island! They say, there's but five upon this isle: we are three of them; if the other two be brained like us, the state totters.

1 What else, for whatsoever else.

2 Steevens observes justly that this is one of those ouches of nature which distinguish Shakspeare from all other writers. There is a kindred thought in Romeo and Juliet:

"Back, foolish tears, back to your native spring! Your tributary drops belong to wo", Which you mistaking offer up to joy."

? i. e. your companion Malone has cited a very

Ste. Drink, servant-monster, when I bid thee; thy eyes are almost set in thy head.

Trin. Where should they be set else? he were a brave monster indeed, if they were set in his tail. Ste. My man-monster hath drowned his tongue in sack: for my part, the sea cannot drown me: I swam, ere I could recover the shore, five-andthirty leagues, off and on, by this light.-Thou shalt be my lieutenant, monster, or my standard. Trin. Your lieutenant, if you list; he's no

standard.

Ste. We'll not run, monsieur monster. Trin. Nor go neither but you'll lie, like dogs; and yet say nothing neither.

Ste. Moon-call, speak once in thy life, if thou beest a good moon-calf.

Cal. How does thy honour? Let me lick thy shoe: I'll not serve him, he is not valiant.

Trin. Thou liest, most ignorant monster; I am in case to justle a constable: Why, thou deboshed fish thou, was there ever man a coward, that hath drunk so much sack as I to-day? Wilt thou tell a monstrous lie, being but half a fish, and half a monster ?

Cal. Lo, how he mocks me! wilt thou let him, my lord?

Trin. Lord, quoth he !-that a monster should be such a natural!

Cal. Lo, lo, again! bite him to death, I pr'ythee. Ste. Trinculo, keep a good tongue in your head; if you prove a mutineer, the next tree-The poor monster's my subject, and he shall not suffer indig

nity.

Cal. I thank my noble lord. Wilt thou be pleas'd to hearken once again to the suit I made thee?

Ste. Marry will I kneel, and repeat it; I will stand, and so shall Trinculo.

Enter ARIEL, invisible.

Cal. As I told thee before, I am subject to a tyrant; a sorcerer, that by his cunning hath cheated me of this island.

Ari. Thou liest.

Cal. Thou liest, thou jesting monkey, thou!

I would, my valiant master would destroy thee:
I do not lie.

Ste. Trinculo, if you trouble him any more in his tale, by this hand, I will supplant some of your

teeth.

Trin. Why, I said nothing.

Ste. Mum then, and no more.-[To CALIBAN.] Proceed.

Cal. I say, by sorcery he got this isle : From me he got it. If thy greatness will Revenge it on him-for, I know, thou dar'st; But this thing dare not.

Ste. That's most certain.

Cal. Thou shalt be lord of it, and I'll serve thee. Ste. How now shall this be compassed? Canst thou bring me to the party?

Cal. Yea, yea, my lord; I'll yield hin theo asleep, Where thou may'st knock a nail into his head. Ari. Thou liest, thou canst not.

Cal. What a pied' ninny's this? Thou scurvy

patch!

I do beseech thy greatness, give him blows,
And take his bottle from him: when that's gone,
He shall drink nought but brine; for I'll not shew

him

Where the quick freshes are.

Ste. Trinculo, run into no further danger: in

apposite passage from Catullus; but, as Mr. Douce remarks, Shakspeare had more probably the pathetic old poem of The Nut Brown Maid in his recollection.

4 Deboshed, this is the old orthography of debauch ed; following the sound of the French original. In altering the spelling we have departed from the proper pronunciation of the word.

5 He calls him a pied ninny, alluding to Trinculo's party-coloured dress, he was a licensed fool or jester 6 Quick freshes are living springs.

Ant.

I'll believe both; And what does else want credit, come to me, And I'll be sworn 'tis true: Traveliers ne'er did lie, Though fools at home condemn them. Gon. If in Naples I should report this now, would they believe me? If I should say I saw such islanders, (For, certes, these are people of the island,) › Who, though they are of inonstrous shape, yet note, Their manners are more gentle, kind, than of Our human generation you shall find. Many, nay, almost any.

Pro.

Honest lord,

Gon. Faith, sir, you need not fear: When we were boys,

Who would believe that there were mountaineers, Dew-lapp'd like bulls, whose throats had hanging at them

i

1

Wallets of flesh? or that there were such men, Whose heads stood in their breasts? which now we find,

Each putter-out on five for one, will bring us
Good warrant of.

Alon.
I will stand too, and feed,
Although my last: no matter, since I feel
The best is past:-Brother, my lord the duke,
Stand too, and do as we.

Thunder and lightning. Enter ARIEL like a Harpy claps his wings upon the table, and, by quaint device, the Banquet vanishes.

Ari. You are three men of sin, whom destiny, (That hath to instrument this lower world, And what is in't,) the never-surfeited sea Hath caused to belch up; and on this island Where man doth not inhabit; you 'mongst men Being most unfit to live. I have made you mad:

[Seeing ALON. SEB. &c. draw their swords. And even with such like valour, men hang and drown

Their proper selves. You fools! I and my fellows Are ministers of fate; the elements

Of whom your swords are temper'd, may as well Wound the loud winds, or with bemock'd-at stabs Kill the still-closing waters, as diminish**

(called in Greek dow;) for it was assured unto me, that the said bird died with that tree, and revived of itselfe as the tree sprung againe."-Holland's Transla tion of Pliny, B. xiii. C. 4.

1 Certainly.

2 Wonder.

3" Praise in departing," is a proverbial phrase signifying, Do not praise your entertainment too soon, lest you should have reason to retract your commendation.

4. Each putter-out on five for one," i. e. each traveller; it appears to have been the custom to place out a sum of money upon going abroad to be returned with enormous interest if the party returned safe; a kind of insurance of a gambling nature.

5 Bailey, in his dictionary, says that dotcle is a feather, or rather the single particfes of the down. Coles, in his Latin Dictionary, 1679, interprets young dowle by Lanugo. And in a history of most Manual Arts, 1661, wool and dowle are treated as synonymous. Tooke contends that this word and others of the same form are Cothing more than the past participle of deal; and Jucius and Skinner both derive it from the same. I fully Delieve that looke is right; the provincial word dool

One dowles that's in my plume; my fellow min isters

Are like invulnérable: if you could hurt,'
Your swords are now too massy for your strengths,
And will not be uplifted; But, remember,
(For that's my business to you,) that you three
From Milan did supplant good Prospero;
Expos'd unto the sea, which hath requit it,
Him, and his innocent child: for which foul deed
The powers, delaying, not forgetting, have
Incens'd the seas and shores, yea all the creature's,
Against your peace: Thee, of thy son, Alonso,
They have bereft; and do pronounce by me,
Lingering perdition (worse than any death
Can be at once,) shall step by step attend
You, and your ways; whose wraths to guard you

from

is a portion of unploughed land left in a field; Coles, in his English Dictionary, 1701, has given downl as a cant word, and interprets it deal. I must refer the read. er to the Diversions of Purley for further proof. 6 A clear life; is a pure, blameless, life.

7 With good life, i. e. with the full bent and energy of mind. Mr. Henley says that the expression is sull in use in the west of England.

9 The natives of Africa have been supposed to be possessed of the secret how to temper poisons with such art as not to operate till several years after they were administered. Their drugs were then as certain in their effect as subtle in their preparation.

9 Shakspeare uses ecstasy for any temporary aliena. tion of mind, a fit, or madness. Minshew's definition of this word will serve to explain its meaning wherever it Extasie or occurs throughout the following pages. trance; G. extase; Lat. extasis, abstractio mentis. Est proprie mentis emotio, et quasi ex statione sua deturbatio seu furore, eu admiratione, seu timore, aliove casu decidat." Guide to the Tongues, 1617

ACT IV.

SCENE I.-Before Prospero's Cell. Enter PROS-
PERO, FERDINAND, and MIRANDA.
Pro. If I have too austerely punish'd you,
Your compensation makes amends; for I
Have given you here a thread of mine own life,
Or that for which I live; whom once again
I tender to thy hand: all thy vexations
Were but my trials of thy love, and thou
Hast strangely stood the test: here, afore Heaven,
I ratify this iny rich gift. O Ferdinand,
Do not smile at me, that I boast her off,
For thou shalt find she will outstrip all praise,
And make it halt behind her.

Fer.

Against an oracle.

I do believe it, Pro. Then, as my gift, and thine own acquisition Worthily purchas'd, take my daughter: But If thou dost break her virgin knot before All sanctimonious ceremonies may With full and holy rite be minister'd, No sweet aspersion" shall the heavens let fall To make this contract grow; but barren hate, Sour-ey'd disdain, and discord, shall bestrew' The union of your bed with weeds so loathly, That shall hate it both: therefore, take heed, you As Hymen's lamps shall light you. Fer.

As I hope For quiet days, fair issue, and long life, With such love as 'tis now; the murkiest den, The most opportune place, the strong'st suggestion Our worser Genius can, shall never melt Mine honour into lust; to take away The edge of that day's celebration, When I shall think, or Phoebus' steeds are founder'd, Or night kept chain'd below.

Pro.

Fairly spoke;

Sit then, and talk with her, she is thine own.-
What, Ariel; my industrious servant Ariel!
Enter ARIEL.

Ari. What would my potent master? here I am. Pro. Thou and thy meaner fellows your last service

Did worthily perform; and I must use you
In such another trick: go, bring the rabble,
O'er whom I give thee power, here, to this place:
Incite them to quick motion; for I must
Bestow upon the eyes of these young couple
Some vanity of mine art; it is my promise,
And they expect it from me.

Pro. Ay, with a twink.

Presently?

Ari. Before you can say, Come, and go, And breathe twice; and cry, so, 80;

1 The same expression occurs in Pericles. Mr. Henley says that it is a manifest allusion to the zones of the ancients, which were worn as guardians of chastity before marriage.

2 Aspersion is here used in its primitive sense of sprinkling, at present it is used in its figurative sense of throwing out hints of calumny and detraction.

3 Suggestion here means temptation or wicked prompting.

4 Some vanity of mine art " is some illusion. Thus m a passage, quoted by Warton, in his Dissertation on the Gesta Romanorum, from Emare, a metrical Romance.

"The emperor said on high
Sertes thys is a fayry
Or ellys a vanite."

5 That is, bring more than are sufficient. "Corollary, the addition or vantage above measure, an overplus, or surplusage."-Blount.

6 Stover is fodder for cattle, as hay, straw, and the like: estorers is the old law term, it is from estouvier, old French.

Each one, tripping on his toc, Will be here with mop and mowe: Do you love me, master? no.

Pro. Dearly, my delicate Ariel: Do not approach,

Till thou dost hear me call.

Ari. Well I conceive. [Erit Pro. Look, thou be true; do not give dalliance Too much the rein; the strongest oaths are straw To the fire i' the blood: be more abstemious, Or else, good night, your vow! Fer. I warrant you, sir, The white-cold virgin snow upon my heart Abates the ardour of my liver.

Pro. Well.Now come, my Ariel; bring a corollary," Rather than want a spirit; appear, and pertly.No tongue; all eyes; be silent. [Soft music. A Masque. Enter IRIS.

Iris. Ceres, most bounteous lady, thy rich leas
Of wheat, rye, barley, vetches, oats, and peas;
Thy turfy mountains, where live nibbling sheep,
And flat meads thatch'd with stover, them to keep;
Thy banks with peonied and lilied brims,"
Which spongy April at thy hest betrims,
To make cold nymphs chaste crowns; and thy
broom groves,

Whose shadow the dismissed bachelor loves,
Being lass-lorn; thy pole-clipt vineyard;
And thy sea-marge, steril, and rocky-hard,
Where thou thyself dost air: The queen o' the sky,
Whose watery arch, and messenger, am I,
Bids thee leave these; and with her sovereign

grace,

Here on this grass-plot, in this very place,
To come and sport: her peacocks fly amain;
Approach, rich Ceres, her to entertain.
Enter CERES.

Cer. Hail, many-colour'd messenger, that ne'er
Dost disobey the wife of Jupiter;
Who, with thy saffron wings, upon my flowers
Diffusest honey-drops, refreshing showers:
And with each end of thy blue bow dost crown
My bosky10 acres, and my unshrubb'd down.
Rich scarf to my proud earth: Why hast thy queen
Summon'd me hither, to this short-grass'd green?
Iris. A contract of true love to celebrate;
And some donation freely to estate
On the bless'd lovers.

Cer.

Tell me, heavenly bow,
If Venus, or her son, as thou dost know,
Do now attend the queen? since they did plot
The means, that dusky Dis my daughter got,
Her and her blind boy's scandal'd company
I have forsworn.

he derives from the French verb touiller, which Cotgrave interprets, "filthily to mix, to mingle, confound, or shuffle together." He objects to peonied and lillied because these flowers never blow in April. But Mr Boaden has pointed out a passage in Lord Bacon's Essay on Gardens which supports the reading in the text. "In April follow the double white violet, the wall-flower, the stock-gilly-flower, the cowslip, flower-de-luces, and lillies of all natures; rose-mary flowers, the tulippe, the double piony, &c." Lyte, in his Herbal, says one kind of peonie is called by some, maiden or virgin peonie. And Pliny mentions the water-lilly as a preserver of chastity, B. xxvi. C. 10. Edward Fenton, in his "Secret Wonders of Nature," 1569, 4to. B. vi. asserts that "the water-lilly mortifieth altogether the appetite of sensuality and defends from unchaste thoughts and dreams of venery." The passage certainly gains by the reading of Mr. Steevens, which I have, for these reasons, retained.

8 That is, forsaken by his lass.

9 Mr. Douce remarks that this is an elegant expan sion of the following lines in Phaer's Virgil Eneid, Lib. iv.

"Cuplike twill-pants strew'd in Bacchus bowers." If twill be the name of any flower, the old reading may stand. Mr. Henley strongly contends for the old reading, and explains pioned to mean faced up with mire in the manner that ditchers trim the banks of ditches: twilled

drooping showres,

Whose face a thousand sundry hues against the sun devoures,

From heaven descending came."

10 Bosky acres are woody acres, fields intersected by luxuriant hedge-rows and copses.