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170; Bank of New Hanover v. Bridges, 98 N. C. 67, 2 Am. St. Rep. 817.

DURESS-WHAT CONSTITUTES.-To constitute duress, there must be a seizure of property, or arrest of the person, or a threat or attempt to do one or the other, or facts must be stated which tend to show or warrant the conclusion that such arrest or seizure could be avoided only by payment of the demand: Claflin v. Mc Donough, 33 Mo. 412, 84 Am. Dec. 54. See extended note to Hatter v. Greenlee, 26 Am. Dec. 374.

DURESS BY THREATS.-To avoid a contract on the ground of duress per minas, the threats must be such as to strike with fear a person of common firmness and constancy of mind: Barrett v. French, 1 Conn. 354, 6 Am. Dec. 241; Cribbs v. Bowle, 87 Mich. 340, 24 Am. St. Rep. 168.

INDEX TO THE NOTES.

ALIMONY, allowance of, in suits for divorce, evidence of marriage,
to what extent must be given, 88, 89, 91.

allowance of, in suits for divorce where the marriage is denied,
88.

discretion of court as to amount to be awarded, 25.

ARSON, building, courthouse is a, 268.

building, sawmill is not necessarily, 267, 268.

building, structure fitted up as a school and engine-house is, 207.
building, what state of completion necessary to, 267.

definition of, 266.

definition of house in statutes respecting, 266, 267.

house, a jail is, 267, 268.

house, building used for manufacturing and selling goods, 268.
house, church, whether included in the term, 268.

house, demolished building is not, 268.

house is any building capable of affording shelter to a human
being, 266, 267.

house is not restricted to dwellings, 266.

house, outhouses and stables may be included in the term, 268.
house, unfinished, burning of, is not, 267.

house, warehouses are included in the term, 268.

schoolhouse, burning of, is, 267.

warehouses, burning of, is, 267.

ASSIGNMENT of part of a demand, 856.

of choses in action, effect of when no notice is given, 35.

notice, giving of, whether entitles second assignee to priority,

33-36.

notice of, what obligations imposed upon the debtor by, 35.

notice of, what sufficient, 35.

notice of, when should be given, 31, 32.

notice of, whether necessary to perfect assignee's title, 33, 34.

payment made by a debtor without notice of, 35.

priority between conflicting, how affected by notice given, 83,
34.

priority in time controls as between conflicting, 32, 33.

second received without notice of the first, 31, 32.

subsequent attaching creditors have no notice thereof, 83.
ASSOCIATION, voluntary, liability of members of, 224.

ATTACHMENT, damages, depreciation in value of property,
whether may be an element of, 670.

damages, measure of for wrongful, 669.

ATTORNEYS AT LAW, purchases by, at judicial sales in which
their clients are interested, 680.

BANKS, directors of, duties of, 626.

directors of, knowledge, when imputed to, 627.

directors of. liability of, 626.

directors of, negligence of, what is, 627.

CARRIERS, negligence of, when renders them liable for goods
destroyed by other causes, 544.

CHATTEL MORTGAGES, selection of property by a mortgagee,
whether may perfect a description in, 858.

CHILDREN, negligence of, 122.

CHOSES IN ACTION, assignment of, effect of where no notice is
given to the debtor, 35.

assignment of, notice of, is necessary to prevent payment to the
assignor, 31, 32.

assignment of, notice of, what obligations are imposed on the

debtor by, 35.

assignment of, notice of, what sufficient, 36.

assignment of, notice of, whether necessary to protect assignee's
title, 33.

assignment of, payments made by debtor having no notice of,
35.

assignment of, priority, whether controlled by notice, 33, 36.
assignment of, takes all the title of the assignor, and subse-
quent assignments of, are unavailing, 32.

assignment to different persons, priority over, whether will be
respected in all cases, 31.

COLLECTION, indorsement for, effect of, 614.

CONSTITUTIONAL LAW, street improvements, statutes imposing
liability according to frontage, 897.

CONTRACTS, acceptance of by third persons for whose benefit
they are made, 197.

American rule respecting suits by third persons upon, benefits
sufficient to sustain, 192.

American rule respecting suits by third persons upon, limita-
tions of, 189, 190.

American rule respecting suits by third persons upon, reasons
for, 188, 189.

American rule respecting sults by third persons upon, states
adopting, 182-186.

child, suits by on promise made to parents for the benefit of,
176, 180, 190.

consideration must move from the party entitled to sue upon,
176, 177.

CONTRACTS for the benefit of third persons, right of the parties to

rescind, 197, 198.

husband and wife, promise of one for the benefit of the other,
who may sue upon, 204, 205.

in favor of third persons, jurisdiction of equity to enforce for
the benefit of, 203.

parent and child, promise of one for the benefit of the other,
who may sue upon, 203-205.

relationship of third persons to promisee, when will sustain ac
tion upon, 203, 204.

sealed and unsealed, statutes abolishing distinction between,
205, 206.

strangers may not sue upon where they are not parties either to

the promise or the consideration, 176, 179.

third persons, actions by upon can be sustained only where
they are intended to benefit such third persons, 189.
third persons, agency as a foundation for suits by, 188.
third persons, American rule respecting right of to sue upon,
182-188.

third persons, classification of cases in which they may sue
thereon, 180.

third persons, creditors of partnership, whether may sue on a
contract to pay foreign debts, 195.

third persons for whose benefit are made, acceptance by,
whether necessary, 197.

third persons from whom the consideration moves may sue
thereon, 179.

third persons in whose favor are made must be those in whose
favor some duty is owing from the promisee, 191.

third persons in whose favor are made, relations which will
support, 190.

third persons in whose favor the contract is made, privity of
with the parties, 188.

third persons in whose favor trusts are created by may sue
upon, 177, 187.

third persons, intent that may sue upon, 192.

third persons, lessors whether may sue on contracts of sub-
lessees, 194.

third persons, obligations in favor of which will support actions
by upon, 191.

third persons, physician, whether may sue on contract made
for the benefit of his patient, 194.

third persons, reasons for permitting suits by upon, 187.
third persons, sendees of telegrams, actions by, 196.
third persons, subrogation as foundation for suits by, 188.

third persons suing upon are subject to the equities between

the parties thereto, 202.

third persons suing upon, difference between the English and
the American rule, 176.

CONTRACTS, third persons suing upon, English rule respecting, 176.
third persons, suits by upon bonds given to another, 195.

third persons, suits by upon, states recognizing the English rule,
177-181.

third persons, taxpayers, whether may sue upon contracts be-
tween a city and a water company, 196.

third persons, to be benefited by need not be named therein,
197.

third persons, when deemed to be made for the benefit of, 192.
third persons, when may sue upon contracts respecting the use
to be made of property, 194.

to pay debts of another, when not within the statute of frauds,
199 200.

to pay debts of another, who may sue thereon, 199.
to pay debts of a partnership, who may sue upon, 202.
to pay off a mortgage, who may sue thereon, 200, 201.

under seal, third persons, whether may sue thereon, 205.
upon whom may confer rights, 176.

CORPORATIONS, directors of, right of to deal with and purchase
property from, 550.

foreign, insurance, contracts of, by what law controlled, 648.
foreign insurance, regulation of by the state, 648.

insolvent, stockholders, rights of when they have been com-
pelled to contribute to the payment of the corporate debts,
40.

insurance, foreign, policies issued by, in violation of law, 677,
678.

stock, certificates of indorsed in blank are not negotiable, 67.
stock, pledge of, what is and rights conferred by, 67.
stockholders, liability of for the corporate debts, 158.

DAMAGES, mental suffering as elements of, 318.

punitive, when proper, 218.

DEFINITION of "arson," 266.

of "house," in statutes respecting arson, 266, 267.
DURESS, what constitutes, 956.

EMPLOYER AND EMPLOYE, remedies of the latter for his
wrongful discharge, 393.

EVIDENCE, illegally obtained is nevertheless admissible, 279.

FRAUDULENT TRANSFERS, creditors who may attack, 527.
purging of fraud, 546.

subsequent creditors, when may assail, 816.

GRAND JURIES, members, irregularity in the number of, 508,

HIGHWAYS, liability for towns and cities for defects in, 234, 235.
HOMESTEAD, rights in after the death of one of the spouses, 788.

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