under sir John Moore, ib. Character of the British minis-
try at this time, 46. Sir Arthur Wellesley sails from Cork
with troops for Portugal, 47 (see Wellesley). England
puts forth all her resources to assist the Spanish cause, 114.
Exertions at this time against the power of France, 158.
Unwise conduct of the government in projecting an expedi-
tion to Antwerp, ib. The earl of Chatham intrusted with
the command of the armament, 160. Investment of Flush-
ing, and surrender of the place, ib. Condition of the British
troops in the island of Walcheren, 161. The soldiers sub-
ject to an epidemic, ib. The remnant of the army evacu-
ates Walcheren, 162. Consequences of this expedition,
ib. Resignation of the duke of Portland and lord Castle-
reagh, 163. Application to lords Grey and Grenville to
join Mr. Perceval, which they decline, 164. Changes in
the cabinet, ib. Successes in the Indian seas, 241. Disin-
terested conduct of her government towards Spain, 249.
Illness of the king, and appointment of a regency, 291.
Turbulent conduct of the Irish catholics, 301. Exploits
of the navy in 1811, 305. Its sufferings from violent
storms, 307. Embarrassments of the commercial world,
and depreciation of bank notes, 308. Riots in the manu-
facturing districts, ib. Intelligence of the conflagration of
Moscow, 348. Parliamentary grant to the sufferers, 350.
Military operations in Canada (1812), 396. Attack on the
city of Washington, 379. Destruction of Fort Washing-
ton, 380. Failure of an attempt on Baltimore, 381. Visit
of the allied sovereigns, &c. 389. Situation of the country
after the battle of Waterloo, 460. Marriage of the princess
Charlotte of Wales, ib. Distress of the agricultural in-
terests, and riots in the country, 462. Lord Exmouth's
attack on the Algerines, 463. Return of lord Amherst
from the embassy to China, 468. Death of the princess
Charlotte of Wales, 472; of queen Charlotte, and of the
duke of Kent, ib.; of his majesty George III., 473. Re-
view of his character and reign, 474.
Europe, changes produced in it by the arms of Bonaparte,
iii. 360. North of, its critical situation in 1807, 381. Its
situation in 1809, iv. 169. A disposition generally mani-
fested to oppose the tyranny of France, 175. Colonel
Schill raises the standard of independence, and is supported
by the duke of Brunswick, ib. Operations in Poland and
Italy, ib. Rings with preparations for war on the return
of Napoleon from Elba, 409.
FALKLAND ISLANDS, dispute with Spain concerning, i. 70.
Threatens a war, but the dispute finally adjusted, 71.
Family Compact, some account of the, i. 9, note. Portugal
invited to join it, but declines, 18.
Fayette, general La, takes the command of the national guards
in Paris, ii. 87. Escorts the royal family from Versailles to
Paris, 90. Becomes obnoxious to the jacobins, 101. Re-
signs the command of the national guard, 104.
Is ap-
pointed to command the army of the Netherlands, 116.
Intrigues of the factions to ruin him, 117. Dumouriez
refuses to support him against the advance of the Prussians,
124. He quits the army, and passes the frontier, 125.
Arrested by an Austrian detachment, and conveyed to
Luxembourg, ib. Delivered over to the king of Prussia,
and sent to Magdeburg, ib. Removed to the prison of
Olmutz, ib. Subjected to rigorous treatment, 126. Efforts
of his wife to obtain his liberation, 127. She joins her
husband in his captivity, ib. Unfeeling conduct of the
emperor of Germany towards them, 128. Liberated by
Bonaparte after the peace of Campo Formio, 129. Re-
flections on their captivity and cruel treatment, ib.
Ferdinand, prince of the Asturias, applies to the emperor
Napoleon to provide him a wife, iv. 12. Makes his sub-
mission to his royal parents, 14. Succeeds his father as
king of Spain, 16. His arrival at Madrid, ib. Appoints a
supreme junta, and commences his journey to Bayonne,
which the people oppose, 17. He arrives at Bayonne, and
finds himself a prisoner, ib. Efforts made for his liberation,
250. He returns to Spain on the fall of Bonaparte, 385.
Proceeds to Valencia, and issues his decrees, 386. Ob-
jectionable measures pursued by him, 387. See Spain.
Fitzwilliam, earl, appointed viceroy of Ireland, ii. 268. His
popularity in the sister kingdom, ib. Differs with the Eng-
lish ministers on the catholic question, and is recalled,
269. Lamentations in Dublin at his departure, ib. Dis-
cussions in the house of lords on his recall, 270.
Flood, Mr. brings forward the subject of parliamentary re-
form, ii. 16. Is violently opposed by Mr. Windham, 17.
Fox, Charles James, first appears in the ranks of opposition,
i. 85. Opposes the measures of lord North respecting the
colonists, 86. Moves an amendment to the address on the
king's speech, 98. Proposes to institute an inquiry into the
ill success of his majesty's arms, 114. Announces to par-
liament the treaty between France and America, 155.
Complains of the admiralty, 201. His motion on the sur-
render of Cornwallis's army supported by Mr. Pitt, 211.
Moves for an impeachment of lord Sandwich, 247. He is
made secretary of state in the Rockingham administration,
254. Calls a meeting of his friends on the death of the
marquis of Rockingham, and proposes the duke of Portland
as head of the cabinet, 283. Resigns the seals of office,
284. Explains his reasons to parliament, ib. His resig-
nation regretted in both houses, 285. His efforts to restore
peace while in office, 287. He censures the conditions of
the peace with America, and explains some cabinet mys-
teries, 290. Moves an address to the king for copies of the
provisional articles, ib. Coalesces with lord North, 295.
His explanation of the matter, 296. Announces his East
India bill, 301. Political ferment occasioned by this bill,
ib. It is powerfully attacked by Mr. Pitt, 302; and as
ably defended by Mr. Burke, 304. Rendered unpopular
by his India bill, 321. His election for Westminster, ib.
Altercation with Mr. Pitt on his scrutiny, 332. Gets an
award of two thousand pounds against the high bailiff of
Westminster, ib. Censures the ministry for a neglect of
continental alliances, 339. Contends that England ought
to maintain the balance of power in Europe, 358. 369.
Obtains the repeal of the shop tax, 393. Thinks favorably
of the French revolution at its commencement, ii. 10. His
mild answer to Mr. Burke's attack, 11. His handsome
compliment to Burke, 12. His motion respecting the
rights of juries in cases of libel, 21. Speech on the Canada
bill, 26. Defends the "Rights of Man" against Mr. Burke,
28. His conduct in the house of commons when attacked
by the latter, 30. Is against a war with Russia, 35.
Strongly opposes the war with France, 158. Moves for an
address to the king for putting a stop to hostilities, 165.
His views on the resources of France, 199. Speech on the
army estimates of 1803, iii. 261. Censures the conduct of
ministers, 265. Moves an address to the king for averting
the renewal of war, 271. Comes into office on the death
of Mr. Pitt, 293. His correspondence with Talleyrand,
362. His negotiations for peace, 363. His illness and
death, 367. Review of his character and talents, 368. Sir
Walter Scott's eulogy on his memory, 371, note.
Fox, general, takes the command of the British troops in
Sicily, iii. 366.
Foy, general, his account of the battle of Waterloo, iv. 435.
France, gets weary of the war in Germany, i. 25. Takes
part with the American colonists against Great Britain,
143. Issues a declaration respecting her trade with Ame-
rica, 144. Triumphs at the defeat of Burgoyne's army, ib.
Equips a fleet from Toulon under count D'Estaign, 166.
It arrives at the capes of the Delaware, ib. Sails to Geor-
gia, and makes a descent near Savannah, 173. Grows
weary of the American war, and concludes a peace, 288.
See further under the head Revolution.
France (Revolutionary), reflections on her situation under the
national assembly, ii. 106. Threatened by the courts of
Austria and Prussia, 107. Decree of banishment against
the clergy, 108. Punishes the pope for his contumacy,
109. Conduct of the emperor Leopold, ib. Prepares for
approaching hostilities, 110. Ascendancy of the war fac-
tion, 112. Resents the demands of the emperor Francis,
and declares war against the king of Hungary, &c. 113.
Surprise excited by this event, 114. Invasion of the Aus-
trian Netherlands, 116. Inauspicious commencement, ib.
Manifesto of the court of Vienna, 117; another issued from
Berlin, ib. The king of Prussia marches fifty thousand
men to Coblentz, 118. Manifesto of the duke of Bruns-
wick, and its effect on the Parisians, 120. Attack on the
Tuileries, ib. Incompetency of the king to meet the con-
vulsion, 121. He seeks an asylum in the hall of the assem-
bly, 122. The Marselloise attack the palace, and massacre
the Swiss guards, ib. The cannon of Paris overawes the
government, and dictates its decrees, 123. The king sus-
pended from the functions of royalty, ib. A provisional
government appointed, and a national convention convoked,
ib. The spirit of faction prevails in the armies, ib. La
Fayette the object of republican vengeance, 124. Ad-
vance of the Prussian army, ib. Dumouriez refuses to
support La Fayette, who quits the army, &c. 125. State
of parties at the time of the Prussian invasion, 129. The
latter takes Longwy and Verdun, 130; and advance into
Champagne, 130. Fury of the jacobins at this period, 131.
Massacres of the second of September, and two following
days, 132. Increase of emigration, ib. Confiscation of the
property of the emigrants, ib. The national convention
assembles, ib. Decree of the abolition of royalty, and
date of the French Republic, 133.
France (Republican), the Prussians receive a check, ii. 133.
Sickness of the Prussian troops, and reinforcement of the
French armies, ib. An entrenched camp thrown around
Paris, 134. The Prussians enter into negotiations with
Dumouriez for a retreat, ib. Speculations on this unex-
pected event, 135. Probable solution of the enigma, 136.
General Montesquien enters Savoy, ib. Custine's con-
quests in Germany, 137. Dumouriez attacks the Austrians
in the Netherlands, battle of Jemappe, ib. The Austrians
defeated, and the campaign decided, 138. Dumouriez
overruns the Netherlands, ib. French decree of fraterniza-
tion, ib. Trial of Louis XVI., 139. Deportment of the
unhappy monarch, 140. His condemnation, 141; and
death, 142. Campaign in the Netherlands, 166. Treacher-
ous conduct of Dumouriez, 167. State of factions in Paris,
172. Contest between the Girondists and Mountainists,
173. Atrocities of the revolutionary government, 174.
Abolition of Christian worship, 175. Establishment of the
revolutionary tribunal, 176. Reflections on this horrible
despotism, 177. Astonishing exertions to which it gave
rise, ib. New method of manufacturing gunpowder, 178.
Description of her military generals during the revolution,
179. Theatres of the campaign of 1793, 180. Trial and
condemnation of the queen, 181; and of the Brissottines, ib.;
of the duke of Orleans, 182. Insurrection in the southern
provinces, 182; Lyons, Toulon, Marseilles, 183. Siege of
Toulon, 184. Dreadful scene of suffering there, 185. The
allies repulsed in Flanders, and on the Rhine, 186.
tions for equipping her navy, 208. Statement of the armies
of the republic, 215, note. Opening of the campaign of
1794, 216. Sanguinary decree of the convention, 217.
State of Paris, ib. Reign of terror, 218. Execution of
the princess Elizabeth, 220. Opposition to the measures
of Robespierre, 221. Fall of the tyrant, 222. Reflections
on his despotic sway, 223. Their armies defeat the allies
in the Netherlands, 225. Their conquests in Brabant, 226.
Campaign on the frontiers of Germany, 227; in Italy, 241.
Summary of republican conquests in the campaign of 1794,
242. Campaign of 1795, 270. Its internal state unsettled,
275. Death of the dauphin, 276. Directory appointed,
France (under the Directory), a new constitution proposed,
ii. 277. Affair of the sections (Oct. 4, 1795), 278. Nego-
tiates peace with the court of Vienna, iii. 41. Internal
state of, in 1797, 54. Meditates the destruction of British
commerce, 55. High tone of the directory towards foreign
powers, 57. Sends an expedition to South Wales, 63. The
troops surrender to the Pembrokeshire militia, ib. Royalist
conspiracy to overthrow the directory, 69. The latter are
supported by Bonaparte, 70. Arrest of Pichegru and others,
71. Appointment of a committee of public safety, ib. Col-
lects an army for the invasion of England, 76. Threatens
the capture of London, and subversion of the government,
77. An expedition for Egypt sails from Toulon, 78. Ar-
rives at Malta, where Bonaparte lands some troops, ib.
Capture of the fortresses, and a garrison established, ib.
Bonaparte resumes his expedition, 79. Disembarks his
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