1821.] REVIEW.-Wortley, and the Exile of Scotland. But treachery domestic, hast done thy country service, Not by arms alone, By counsels more,— Counsels and arms, so heav'n will'd, successful." There is some humour in the Dialogue of the Mob, who were waiting the Duke's arrival: "1st Mob. They say this is the day Elizabeth was born in this town. 2nd Mob. Aye, in this town, where I was born myself. (looks big.) The old Queen hated the Pope and the Spaniard. 3d Mob. The Spaniard! I hate the French. 1st Mob. Who was Elizabeth? Was she the mother of King Charles the second, and James the old dragon? 2nd Mob. No, man; Elizabeth was not the mother of King or Queen; she was a great Queen, who detested the Pope, and scorned the Spanish Dons who came over the seas to enslave us to the Pope." We shall not, however, enter into the usual details of love-stories, however pleasing. Our Readers, we presume, had rather have a dinner than a dessert; and rather take the former at a tavern than at a pastry-cook's or a fruit-shop. We shall, therefore, proceed to more solid diet. The work contains a very savoury dish of America, and we shall give from it an account of the infamous frauds practised concerning the sale of lands, as a luminous explanation of Mr. Birkbeck's auctioneeral puff. "This iniquitous traffic (land-jobbing) is not confined to sharpers only, but men of exalted situations in society, and who presume to value their reputation, are concerned in it. Specious titles have been made out, and fanciful maps wrought, of portions of lands, described as the most fertile, abounding with large timber-trees, the indices of a good soil, intersected with gentle rivers and creeks, with excellent waterfalls for mills of every description, and in the midst of flourishing settlements: though, on examination, they will be found 59 to be raw pine sand, that will bear no other crop, or the rocky sides of hills in a North-western aspect, whose tornadoes sweep from their surfaces every fragment of vegetation." "Oftentimes these estates offered for sale, are of the terra incognita, mapped by mist of a mountain, or vapour of a river, the land-jobber's imagination from the and which never existed upon earth. "It frequently has occurred, that lands of a good title have been sold three or four times to different persons; and, through the dread of litigation, have been lost to all the purchasers, leaving the prize to the enjoyment of the triumphant villain." Vol. I. p. 215. Our Author thus describes the oraof Mr. Maddison: tory "His voice was low and hoarse, disagreeably so; his gestures very ungraceful, and confined to his right hand, which he constantly twitched, shaking his shoulders and head. He was a little yellow man, rather muscular; he was brought up to the bar, a class of men that monopolize all the honours of America." Vol. i. p. 236. We should have supposed the following Lady's Latin to have been mere typographical errata, if the mistake had not twice occurred. We felt the singular barbarism, somewhat like spraining an intellectual ancle. In p. 262, we have Euloguim for Eulogium; and p. 308, Elysuim for Elysium. We will, however, give the Author an Euloguim for the following ingenious appellations: "Ostler-Knight of the Straw and Oats. Farmer-Knight of the Barley-fields. Innkeeper-High Priest of Bacchus. Ditto, loquacious one-Vat Orator. Auctioneer-Witling of the Hammer. Porter-The obsequious vassal of interest." To our utter astonishment we find (vol. ii. p. 267) that "the vicar was a Pyrotechnist." Now this said vicar was a fellow of a College, generally a stiff and dignified sort of person, not apt to meddle with squibs and skyrockets. This is like a mythological confusion of Saturn with Mercury. Upon the whole, this is a pleasing Novel, inculcating good example; and besides the interesting account of American manners, before alluded to, contains some curious descriptions of various natural phænomena, attendant upon a voyage in certain latitudes. LITERARY LITERARY INTELLIGENCE. OXFORD, Dec. 30. The following subjects are proposed for the Chancellor's Prizes, for the ensuing year, viz.:—For Latin Verses," Eleusis" -For an English Essay, "The Study of Modern History."-For a Latin Essay, "De Auguriis et Auspiciis apud Antiquos."-The first of the above subjects is intended for those gentlemen of the University who have not exceeded four years from the titne of their matriculation; and the other two for such as have exceeded four, but not completed seven years. Sir Roger Newdigate's Prize: For the best Composition in English Verse, not containing either more or fewer than fifty lines, by any Under Graduate who has not exceeded four years from the time of his matriculation-" Pæstum." Welsh Literature. The members of Jesus College, Oxford, have offered the under-mentioned Prizes, for compositions on the following subjects:-For the best Essay in the Welsh language, on "the advantages likely to accrue to the principality from a national Biography,” 201.— For the best Translation into the Welsh language of the first of the Sermons on the Sacrament, by the Rev. John Jones, M. A. of Jesus College, Archdeacon of Merioneth, Bampton Lecturer for the present year, 10.-For the best six Englynion on the words of Taliesin, "Cymru fu, Cymru fydd," 21.-To the best Welsh reader in Jesus College Chapel, 61.-To the second best Welsh reader, 4/. CAMBRIDGE, Jan. 5. The Norrisian Prize is adjudged to Mr. Kenelm Digby, B. A. of Trinity College, for an Essay, showing from a review of the civil, moral, and religious state of mankind at the time when Christ came into the world, how far the reception which his Religion met with is a proof of its Divine origin. The Hulsean Prize is adjudged to the Rev. Robert Brough, B. A. of Bene't College, for a Dissertation on "The import ance of Natural Religion."-The subject of the Hulsean Prize Dissertation for the present year is, "The expedients to which the Gentile Philosophers resorted, in opposing the progress of the Gospel described, and applied in illustration of the Truth of the Christian Religion."-The Rev. C. Benson, M.A. Fellow of Magdalen College, is continued Hulsean Lecturer for the present year, Jan. 11.-SIR WILLIAM BROWNE'S MEDALS.-Subjects for the present year : A new Method of solving Equations with ease and expedition; by which the unknown quantity is found without previous reduction; and a Supplement of two other Methods from the same concise principle. By THEOPHILUS HOLDRED. Italy and the Italians in the Nineteenth Century; or Letters on the Civil, Political, and Moral state of that Country, written in 1818 and 1819; with an Appendix containing extracts from modern Italian Literature. By a foreign Officer in the British service. Letters from the Havanna, containing a Statistical Account of the Island of Cuba, Climate, Manners, Customs, Trade, Amusements, present state of the Slave Trade, progress made in its Abolition, &c. By an official British Resident. A Letter addressed to the Hon. and Right Rev. the Lord Bishop of Gloucester, on the subject of the Queen. By PAUL HARTFORD, Esq. Memoirs of the Life of Anne Boleyn, Queen of Henry VIII. By Miss BENGER, Author of "Memoirs of Mrs. Elizabeth Hamilton," &c. What is Life? and other Poems. By THOMAS BAILEY. Metrical Legends of exalted Characters. By By JOANNA BAILLIE, Author of "Plays on the Passions," &c. The Vision of Judgment, a Poem. By ROBERT SOUTHEY, Esq. Helen de Tournon, a Novel. By Madame de Souza, Author of " Adèle de Sénange," &c. Translated from the French. Precaution, a Novel. The Fall of the Crescent; Buccaneer; Rosalind's Bower; Sacred Melodies, &c. The Gentleman's Mathematical and Poetical Companion for 1821, containing Answers to the last year's Questions, Enigmas, Charades, Rebuses, &c.; also new ones proposed for the next. The whole selected from an extensive Corre. spondence. Preparing for Publication., History and Antiquities of several Parishes in the Hundreds of Bullington and Ploughley, Oxfordshire, illustrated by numerous Engravings of Churches, Crosses, and antient Edifices, compiled from original documents in the several parish Archives, the public depositories in London and Oxford, as well as those in the possession of Sir Gregory Osborne Page Turner, bart, and other private collectors. By JOHN DUNKIN, Author of the History and Antiquities of Bicester, &c. Church of England Theology, in a series of Ten Sermons, separately, aud beautifully printed in Manuscript Character. By the Rev. R. WARNER, Rector of Great Chalfield, Wilts, &c. &c. Compendium of the Evidence of Christianity, with Portraits and Vignettes, to be completed in Six Monthly Volumes. This Publication is designed for that numerous and important class who are equally removed from the sphere of cheap Tracts, and from the ability of purchasing works suited to their growing intelligence. Intimations and Evidences of a future State. By the Rev. T. WATSON. A Selection of the Correspondence of Linnæus, and other Naturalists, translated from the originals, and never before published. There has lately been discovered, among the papers of a shoemaker in Sweden, a biographical account of Linnæus, written by himself, and since continued to his death. The autograph MS. wich is in the Swedish language, has been sent to Upsal, and will speedily be printed. A new Edition of Blackstone's Commentaries, with Notes and Annotations, and Corrections of the errors and misstatements of the learned and eloquent Judge; as also of his less favoured editors. By J. WILLIAMS. A Memoir of the Operations of the British Army in India during the Mahratta War of 1817, 1818, and 1819; illustrated by Maps and Topographical Plans. By 61 Lieut.-col. BLACKER, Companion of the most Honourable Order of the Bath, and Quarter Master General of the Army of Fort St. George. Narrative of the Campaign of the left wing of the Allied Army under the Duke of Wellington, from the passage of the Bedasso in 1813, to the end of the war in 1816. Illustrated by a Plan of the theatre of war, and twenty Views of the Scenery in the Pyrenees and South of France. By Capt. BATTY. An Itinerary of the Rhone, including part of the Southern Coast of France. By JOHN HUGHES, esq. M. A. of Oriel College, Oxford. An Attempt to analyse the Automaton Chess Player of M. de Kempelin, with an easy Method of imitating the Movements of that celebrated Figure. Illustrated by Plates, and accompanied by a copious Collection of the Knights' Moves over the Chess-board. Mr. Cooper has issued Proposals for publishing, by subscription, A New Choral Book for the use of the Established Church; containing a Selection of the most valuable and useful Compositions for that service, by the most celebrated German composers of the last four hundred years; enriched by a number of choice Melodies, of the best English masters of the last century. ROYAL SOCIETY OF LITERATURE *. His Majesty has intrusted the formation of this Institution to the learned and eminent Dr. Thos. Burgess, Bishop of St. David's. Other branches of the Royal Family have become subscribers; Ministers give their aid; many of the most distinguished among the Clergy concur in promoting the plan; and the leading members of both Universities are among its friends. The funds are already considerable; and his Majesty may be considered as the personal as well as Royal Founder and Patron of the Society. The first Prize Questions to be proposed are as follows: Premiums for the Years 1821 and 1822. 1. The King's Premium of One Hundred Guineas, for the best Dissertation on the Age, Writings, and Genius of Homer; and on the State of Religion, Society, Learning, and the Arts, during that period, collected from the writings of Homer. 2. The Society's Premium of Fifty Guineas, for the best Poem on Dartmoor. 3. The Society's Premium of Twentyfive Guineas, for the best Essay on the History of the Greek Language; of the present Language of Greece, especially in the Ionian Islands; and on the Difference between Ancient and Modern Greek. *See vol. XC. ii. 444. A Berlin 62 Literary Intelligence.-Arts and Sciences. A Berlin Artist, Mr. Charles P. Khummer, has recently published a globe with the mountains boldly executed in relief. This method impresses the subject more forcibly upon the mind than the mode hitherto adopted, and is consequently admirably calculated for geographical instruction. M. Gau, an Antiquary and Architect of Cologne, is returned from his travels in Palestine, Egypt, and Nubia, where he has ascended to the second cataract. He brings a very valuable collection of drawings of remarkable monuments; many of these have been taken for the first time, and others have been executed in a more correct manner. There will be about sixty plates on Nubia, of which there are none in the great French work, and twenty additional plates on Egpyt and Jerusalem; the explanations to be in French and German. A specimen of five or six plates will appear very shortly, representing buildings and bas-reliefs. In 1818, a printing press was set up in Hobart's Town, Van Dieman's Land, New [Jan. Holland. The first book from this press is the History of a fugitive exile, named Michael Howe, who at the head of twentyeight other run-aways, disturbed the tranquillity of the colony for six years. The work derives importance from the singularity of the circumstances, and from the story. M. Graner, a Major in the Swedish service, who set out last year to explore in the South Sea, a new route for merchant vessels from Chili to the East Indies, has discovered in that ocean a group of islands hitherto unknown to mariners. To the largest of them he has given the name of Oscar. It is to be regretted that the Swedish journals, from which this intelligence is extracted, furnish no details relative to the position of these islands. The Museum of the Asiatic Society of Calcutta, among other curiosities, contains a bulrush, cut in Nepaul, 84 feet in length, a serpent with two heads, specimens of mosaic from Agra and Golconda, crystals from Nepaul, and sculptures from Persepolis, Java, &c. ARTS AND SCIENCES. An Institution is about to be established at Birmingham, on the principle of an academy for the study of the Fine Arts, in which are to be placed, for the use of the students, a collection of the best casts from the antique. LITHOGRAPHY. The progress which this art has made at Hamburgh exceeds in neatness, elegance, and finish of execution, those of all the other Lithographical establishments in Germany. The artists are liberally encouraged there: without mentioning the great number of maps of every description which they have produced, equal in beauty to those executed on copper, we will merely point out some very superior productions, chiefly by Grogers and Aldenrath. A landscape with cattle, from a painting by Herterich; a Holy Family from another by Haysdorff; a whole-length portrait of Luther; and several landscapes executed in a particular style, and possessing great elegance and force: these are by Benedixen, who has employed both lines and dots. Bunsden, of Altona, has produced many subjects of Gothic architecture. But the most admirable of all, are three heads of Christ, one after Carlo Dolce, by Herterich; another by Grogers, from a design of his own; and the third from Albert Durer, by Benedixen. Mr. Martin, Lithographer, has favoured us with the following remarks on this useful art:-"Stones, both English and foreign, are used, but the latter are preferred; one side of which is polished, or granulated, and made susceptible of receiving on its surface the most delicate traits of Drawings, &c. delineated with chalk, composed of shellac, wax, lamp black, and a coadunition of oleaginous substances. The Writing from prepared paper, and ink, is transferred to the stone by means of a slight pressure occasioned by passing the given subject under the scraper of the press. The face of the stone on which the wriling or drawing, &c. has been transferred, or executed thereon, is then washed with water mingled with nitric acid, which makes the writing, &c. adbere so firmly, that it cannot be erased but by repolishing the stone. When it is wished to take off an impression, the stone is fixed into the press, and the surface of it wiped with a damp sponge, in consequence of which the lines that constitute the writing or drawing, having been made with grease, reject the wet, and remain perfectly dry. A roller of a cylindrical form, covered with leather, which is blacked with printing ink, composed of oil, lamp black, and indigo, is then passed over the stone: any colour might be used by finding a substitute for lamp black, &c. The wet parts reject the colour, and the greasy ones, that is to say, the writing or drawing, receive it. The other parts of the process are * A scraper press seems better adapted for the process than one with a cylinder. con conducted in a manner analogous to that of letter-press printing, and with little or no disparity in the expence of its execution." ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, ARTS, &c. A new discovery in the Fine Arts was communicated to this Academy in the sitting of the 10th November, of which the following announcement is given in the Monileur, dated Caen, 12th Dec. "An interesting discovery for the Arts has just been made in our department. It is a new process for producing, ad infinitum, a design traced on a plate of porcelain. In this respect it is a method analogous to lithography: but it has many advantages over it. By means of tablets of porcelain, impressions may be taken of the finest and most delicate sketches of the crayon or pencil; and long use of the plate will neither efface nor spread the touches, as too often happens in the processes of mezzotinto and lithography. We will not undertake to describe exactly the new process. We can only say that the lines traced with a particular metallic composition on the polished surface of porcelain become incrusted there by a second baking, without forming any indentation or relief, and without being in the least enlarged or deformed. The parts drawn have acquired a sort of asperity not sensible to the touch, but which retain the ink perfectly, while that substance slides off the rest of the plate. It will be seen from this, that the design is indelibly fred. On the contrary, in lithography a thousand accidents, the action alone of the press, may stretch and render blurred the lines traced upon a stone, which, being porous, must remain always more or less permeable to an ink of the same nature as that with which the sketch is first made." Mr. Tilloch, in the Philosophical Magazine, observes on the above discovery, "I strongly suspect that the writer of the foregoing letter knows nothing whatever of the discovery which he attempts to describe, excepting only that porcelain tablets are to be substituted for the stones now used in the lithographic art; and this I take to be the real discovery, namely, that porcelain plates may be used instead of stone, and the tracings be made with vitrifiable materials, instead of waxy or resinous. Every person acquainted with printing, knows that printers' ink will attach itself to any smooth surface (even to glass), unless the material be pervious to and imbibed with water. It is the water that prohibits the adhesion of the ink. Contrary to what the writer insinuates, it seems likely that the porcelain plates are used in their unglazed state, and that the only 63 glazed parts are those which exhibit the lines of the design. If this opinion be correct, it will follow that the porcelain plates are to be preferred to stone; because, should they get injured at any time with the touch of a greasy finger (which often ruins a lithographic design, by rendering the part adhesible to the ink, when the ball is applied to it), they may be perfectly restored to use by baking again in the kiln." RESTORATION OF PAINTINGS. The white used in oil-painting is, generally, prepared from lead, and forms the basis of many other pigments; and is extremely liable to turn brown or black, when affected by sulphureous vapours. M. Thenard, of Paris, has restored a painting of Raphael's, thus injured, by means of oxygenated water, applied with a pencil, which instantly took out the spots and restored the white. The fluid was so weak, as to contain not more than five or six times its volume of oxygen, and had no taste. ELECTRICAL LIGHT. Professor Meynecke, of Halle, has invented a method of producing a beautiful illumination, by means of electrical light, with the help of artificial air enclosed within pipes of glass. As electrical sparks may be generated ad infinitum, a possibility exists, that by means of an electrical machine, and such an apparatus as M. Meynecke has invented, a whole city may be thus illuminated, and with very little cost. ECLIPSE OF THE SUN. The late eclipse, contrary to the calculations of astronomers, was annular at Florence for the space of 1' 44". The end of the eclipse took place in that city at 4h 26' 6"; that is, 34" after the time predicted by the astronomer Carlini, and 28" after that calculated by Professor Linari. A CURE FOR THE ASCARIDES. A Constant Reader gives the following recipe as a cure for the Ascarides. "Mix a dram of powder of tin in a tea spoonful of honey, or currant jelly if preferred, and take it twice a day for six days successively, making, altogether, 12 drams. The particles of tin act as a file upon the tender bodies of the ascarides, which it destroys. A little rhubarb, or any mild aperient medicine, should be taken every other night during the time of taking the tip. As the powder of tin does not act upon the bowels, the writer of this is not aware that the above quantity would be too much for a child, but it would be prudent to inquire of the chymist where it is purchased, respecting this circumstance." ANTI |