Missouri, 1848; as Quartermaster, Sixth Infantry, June 30, 1848, to October 1, 1849, and Adjutant, October 1, 1849, to November 7, 1855; at regimental headquarters at Fort Crawford, Iowa, 1848-1849,-St. Louis, Missouri, 1849-51, and Jefferson Barracks, Missouri, 1851-52 (First Lieutenant Sixth Infantry, January 27, 1853, to June 5, 1860,)

1852-55; as Assistant Adjutant General of the Department of the West, headquarters at St. Louis, Missouri, June 19 to November 27, 1855; and on Quartermaster duty at

(Captain Staff-Assistant Quartermaster, November 7, 1855,) Fort Myers, Florida, 1856-57, during hostilities against the Seminole Indians; Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, with troops quelling Kansas disturbances, August 1, to December 31, 1857, and at Depot, January 1, to March 31, 1858; at headquarters of Utah reinforcements, May 15, to July 15, 1858; on march with Sixth Infantry from Fort Bridger, Utah, to California, August 13, to November 15, 1858, and Chief Quartermaster of Southern District of California, at Los Angelos, May 5, 1859, to August 3, 1861.

Served during the Rebellion of the seceding States, 1861-66, in the defenses of Washington, D. C., September, 1861,-March, 1862, in the Virginia Peninsula

(Brigadier General U. S. Volunteers, September 23, 1861,) campaign (Army of the Potomac) March,-August, 1862, being engaged in the siege of Yorktown, April 5 to May 4, 1862,-battle of Williamsburg, May 5, 1862,-battle of Chickahominy, June 27, 1862, action of Golding's Farm, June 28, 1862,-battle of Savage Station, June 29, 1862,-battle of White Oak Swamp, June 30, 1862,—and retreat to Harrison's Landing, July 1,-4, 1862; on the movement to Centreville, Virginia, August,-September, 1862; in the Maryland campaign (Army of the Potomac), September,-November, 1862, being engaged in the battle of Crampton's Pass, South Mountain, September 14, 1862, reconnoisance from Harper's Ferry to Charlestown, Virginia, October 10-11, 1862,—and march to Falmouth, Virginia, October-November, 1862; in the Rappahannock

(Major General U. S. Volunteers, Nov. 29, 1862, to July 26, 1866,)

campaign (Army of the Potomac), December, 1862,-June, 1863, being engaged in the battle of Fredericksburg, December 13, 1862,-and battle of Chancellorsville, May 2-4, 1863; in the Pennsylvania campaign, June-July, 1863, in command of Second Corps of the Army of the Potomac, being engaged in the Battle of Gettysburg, July 1-3, 1863, where he was severely wounded in the repulse of Longstreet's attack upon our left centre, which he at the time commanded. On sick leave of absence, disabled by wound, July 4,-December 27, 1863;

(Major Staff Quartermaster, U. S. Army, Nov. 30, 1863,) in command of, and recruiting Second Army Corps, January-March 1864; in the Richmond campaign, commanding Second Corps of Army of the Potomac, being engaged in the Battle of the Wilderness, May 5-6, 1864,-Battles of Spottsylvania, May 9-20, 1864,-Battle of North Anna, May 23-24, 1864,-Battle of Tolopotomy, May 29–31, 1864,— Battle of Cold Harbor, June 3, 1864, and operations in its vicinity, June 3-12, 1864,-march to James River, June 12-15, 1864,—and Battle before Petersburg, June 16-18, 1864; on sick leave of absence on account of breaking out of Gettysburg wound, June 19–27, 1864; in operations about Petersburg, in command of Second Corps, Army of the Potomac, being engaged in the battles of Deep Bottom (in command), July 27-29, and

(Brigadier General, U. S. Army, August 12, 1864,)

August 15-20, 1864,—Battle of Ream's Station (in command), August 25, 1864,-Battle of Boydton Plank Road (in command), October 27, 1864,-and siege of Petersburg, June 15-November 26, 1864; at Washington, D. C., organizing the First Army Corps of Veterans, November 27, 1864, to February 27, 1865; in command of Department of West Virginia, and temporarily of the Middle Military Division and Army of the Shenandoah, February 27 to July 18, 1865;

(But. Major General, U. S. Army, March 13, 1865, for gallant · and meritorious services at the Battle of Spottsylvania, Virginia,)

of the Middle Department, July 18, 1865, to August 10, 1866;

(Major General U. S. Army, July 26, 1866,)

on Board for retiring disabled officers, at Philadelphia, Pa., November 27, 1865 to August 30, 1866, and on Board to make recommendations in regard to ordnance, January 30 to June 4, 1866; in command of the Department of Missouri, August 20, 1866, to September 12, 1867, being engaged on expedition against the Indians of the plains; in command of the Fifth Military District, November 29, 1867, to March 16, 1868,— of the Division of the Atlantic, March 31, 1868, to March 5, 1869,-of the Department of Dakota, May 17, 1869, to December 3, 1872,—of the Division of the Atlantic, headquarters New York City, December 16, 1872, and of the Department of the East, December 16, 1872, to October 29, 1873, and November 8, 1877; Member of the Court of Inquiry in the case of General Dyer, November 9, 1868, to May 15, 1869,—and of Board to examine officers unfit for the proper discharge of their duties etc., October 17, 1870, to June 3, 1871.

In command of Department of Dakota, 1871-1873. In command of Military Division of the Atlantic, 1873-1880.

F

CHAPTER XIV.

THE LADIES OF THE WHITE HOUSE.

ROM the earliest days of civilization, woman

has figured prominently in society and govern

ment. The records of female influence in England, France, Germany, Italy, and Spain, are peculiarly pleasing. And while this sort of literature is universally sought from many motives, the women most conspicuous in history are those that are renowned for virtue as well as beauty, though there are thousands of instances proving the last more potent than the first.

Modern experience discloses a severer state of female morality in foreign governments. Queen Victoria, ex-Empress Eugenie, the beautiful Queen of Italy, the new Queen of Spain, the wife of the President of France (Madame Grevy), the equestrienne Queen of Austria, the venerable Empress of Germany, and the Crown Princess, the daughter of Victoria-are types of a better era and a higher culture..

When we turn to our own country, nothing is more creditable to republican institutions than the ladies of our early and recent Chief Magistrates. From Colonial days, from Mrs. Martha Washington, from the brilliant entertainment in Washington's camp, near Middlebrook, in celebration of the anniversary of the American alliance with France, and the subscription balls in Philadelphia, down to her last appearance, when she retired to private life, she was accustomed to speak of her public days in New York and Philadelphia as her "lost days," preferring home comfort and seclusion to the dazzle and dress of public life.

It is stated that the wife of John Hancock, the great Boston patriot, who was noted for his genial home, open house, and sumptuous table, was a woman almost as full of energy as her husband, and an amusing story is told of Mrs. Washington and Mrs. Hancock, who were very intimate friends. Mrs. Washington would say to Mrs. Hancock: "There is a difference in our stations; your husband is in the cabinet, but mine is on the battlefield." As showing the habits of those days, so different from our own, and forming such a contrast to the plain dignity and quiet elegance of General Hancock and his family at Governor's Island, it is related that the first Mrs. Hancock's wedding fan was from Paris, made of white kid, painted with appropriate designs. Fan-mounting was then done in this country by ladies. The