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imprifonment were palpably illegal, they might have difcharged him: but if he were committed for any criminal matter, they could only have remanded him, or taken bail for his appearance in the court of king's bench; which occafioned the Common Pleas to difcountenance fuch, applications. It has alfo been faid, by very refpectable authorities, that the like habeas corpus may iffue out of the court of chancery in vacation: but, upon the famous application to lord Nottingham by Jenks, notwithstanding the, moft diligent fearches, no precedent could be found where the chancellor had iffued fuch a writ in vaca tion; and therefore his lordship refufed it. In the court of king's bench it was, and is ftill, neceffary to apply for it by motion to the court, as in the cafe of all other prerogative writs, (certiorari, prohibition, mandamus, &c.) which do not iffue as of mere courfe, without fhowing Tome probable caufe why the extraordinary power of the crown is called in to the party's affiftance. For, as was argued by lord chief juftice Vaughan, "It is granted on motion, because it cannot be had of courfe; and there is therefore no neceffity to grant it; for the court ought to be fatisfied that the party hath a probable caufe to be deliver. ed." And this feems the more reasonable, be caufe, when once granted, the perfon to whom it is directed can return no fatisfactory excufe for not bringing up the body of the prifoner. So that, if it iffued of mere courfe, without thowing to the court or judge fome reafonable ground for awarding it, a traitor or felon under fentence of death, a foldier or mariner in the king's fervice, a wife, a child, a relation, or a domeftic, confined for infanity or other prudential reafons, might obtain a temporary enlargement by fuing out an babeas corpus, though fure to be remanded as foon as brought up to the court. And therefore Sir Edward Coke, when chief juftice, did not fcruple, in 13 Jac. I. to deny a babeas corpus to one con fined by the court of admiralty for piracy; there appearing, upon his own fhowing, fufficient grounds to confine him. On the other hand, if a probable ground be shown, that the party is imprisoned without just caufe, and therefore has a right to be delivered, the writ of habeas corpus is then a writ of right, which may not be denied, but ought to be granted to every man that is committed, or detained in prifon, or otherwife refrained, though it be by the command of the king, the privy-council, or any other." Under the articles LIBERTY and RIGHTS, will be found a full account of the perfonal liberty of the fubject. This is a natural inherent right, which cannot be Surrendered or forfeited, unlefs by the commiffion of fome great and atrocious crime, and which ought not to be abridged, in any cafe without the fpecial permiffion of law; a doctrine coeval with the firt rudiments of our conftitution; and handed down to us from the Anglo-Saxons, notwithtanding all their ftruggles with the Danes, and the violence of the Norman conqueft: afferted afterwards and confirmed by the conqueror himself and bis defcendants: and though fometimes a lit -tle impaired by the ferocity of the times, and the occafional defpotifm of jealous or ufurping princes, yet established on the firmeft balis by the provi

fions of magna charta, and a long fucceffion of ftatutes enacted under Edward III. To affert an abfolute exemption from imprisonment in all cafes, is inconfiftent with every idea of law and political fociety; and in the end would deftroy all civil li berty, by rendering its protection impoffible: but the glory of the English law confifts in clearly defining the times, the caufes, and the extent, when, wherefore, and d to what degree, the imprisonment of the fubject may be lawful. This it is which induces the abfolute neceffity of expreffing upon every commitment the reafon for which it is made; that the court, upon an habeas corpus, may examine into its validity; and according to the circumftances of the cafe may difcharge, admit to bail, or remand the prifoner. And yet, early in the reign of Charles I. the court of king's bench, relying on fome arbitrary precedents (and thofe perhaps mifunderflood), determined that they could not, upon an babeas corpus, either bail or deliver a prifoner, though committed without any caufe affigned, in cafe he was committed by the fpecial command of the king, or by the lords of the privy council. This drew on a parliamentary inquiry, and produced the petition of right, 3 Car. I. which recites this illegal judgment, and enacts that no freeman hereafter fhall be fo imprisoned or detained. But when, in the following year, Mr Selden and others were committed by the lords of council, in purfuance of his majefty's fpecial command, under a general charge of "notable contempts and ftirring up fedition against the king, and government," the judges delayed for two terms (including alfo the long vacation) to deliver an opinion how far fuch a charge was bailable; and when at length they agreed that it was, they however annexed a condition of finding fureties for the good behaviour, which still protracted their imprisonment; the chief juftice, Sir Nicholas Hyde, at the fame time declaring, that if they were again remanded for that caufe, perhaps the court would not afterwards grant a babeas corpusz being already made acquainted with the caufe of the imprisonment." But this was heard with in. dignation and aftonishment by every lawyer prefent; according to Mr Selden's own account of the matter, whofe refentment was not cooled at the distance of 24 years.-Thefe pitiful evalions gave rife to the ftatute 16 Car. II. cap. 10. 8. whereby it is enacted, that if any perfon be committed by the king himself in perfon, or by his privy council, or by any of the members thereof, he fhall have granted unto him, without any de lay upon any pretence whatfoever, a writ of babeas corpus, upon demand or motion made to the court of king's bench or common-pleas; who fhall thereupon, within three court-days after the return is made, examine and determine the legality of fuch commitment, and do what to juftice fhall appertain, in delivering, bailing, or remanding fuch prifoner. Yet ftill, in the cafe of Jenks, before alluded to, who, in 1676, was committed by the king in council for a turbulent fpeech at Guild-hall, new fhifts and devices were made ufe of to prevent his enlargement by law; the chief juftice (as well as the chancellor) declining to award a writ of habeas corpus ad fubjiciendum in vacation, though at laft he thought proper

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to award the ufual writs ad deliberandum, &c. whereby the prifoner was discharged at the Old Bailey. Other abufes had alfo crept into daily practice, which had in fome measure defeated the benefit of this great conftitutional remedy. The party imprisoning was at liberty to delay his obedience to the firft writ, and might wait till a 2d and 3d, called an alias and a pluries, were iffued, before he produced the party; and many other vexatious fhifts were practifed to detain ftate prifoners in cuftody. But whoever will attentively confider the English hiftory, may obferve, that the flagrant abufe of any power, by the crown or

affifes fhall be opened for the county in which he is detained, fhall be removed by babeas corpus, till after the affifes are ended; but fhall be left to the juftice of the judges of affife. 7. That any fuch prifoner may move for and obtain his babeas corpus, as well out of the chancery or exchequer, as out of the king's bench or common pleas; and the lord chancellor or judges denying the fame, on fight of the warrant, or oath that the fame is refufed, forfeit feverally to the party grieved the fum of 500l. 8. That the writ of babeas corpus fhall run into the counties palatine, cinque ports, and other privileged places,

its minifters, has always been productive of a ftrug- Jerfey and Guernsey. 9. That the inlands of

no inhabitant of England (except perfons contracting, or convicts praying to be tranfported; or having committed fome capital offence in the place to which they are fent) fhall be fent prifoner to Scotland, Ireland, Jerfey, Guernsey, or any places beyond the feas, within or without the king's dominions: on pain that the party committing, his advifers, aiders, and affiftants, fhall forfeit to the party grieved a fum Hot lefs than 500l. to be recovered with treble cofts; fhall be difabled to bear any office of trust or profit; fhall incur the penalties of pramunire; and thall be incapable of the king's pardon. This is the fubftance of that great and important ftatute: which extends only to the cafe of commitments for fuch criminal charge, as can produce no inconvenience to public juftice by a temporary enlargement of the prifoner; all other cafes of unjuft imprisonment being left to the babeas corpus at common law. But even upon writs at the common law, it is now expected by the court, agreeable to ancient precedents and the fpirit of the act of parliament, that the writ fhould be immediately obeyed, without waiting for any alias or pluries; otherwife an attachment will iffue. By which admirable, regulations, judicial as well as parliamentary, the remedy is now complete for removing the injury of unjuft and illegal confine"ment. A remedy the more neceffary, becaufe the oppreffion does not always arife from the ill-nature, but fometimes from the mere inattention, of go. 'vernment. For it frequently happens in foreign countries (and has happened in England during the temporary fufpentions of the ftatute), that perfons apprehended upon fufpicion have fuffered a long imprisonment, merely because they were forgotten.

gle; which either difcovers the exercife of that power to be contrary to law, or (if legal) reftrains it for the future. This was the cafe in the prefent inftance. The oppreffion of an obfcure individual gave birth to the famous babeas corpus act, 31 Car. II. c. 2. which is frequently confidered as another MAGNA CHARTA of the kingdom; and by confequence has alfo in fubfequent times reduced the method of proceeding on thefe writs (though not within the reach of that ftatute, but iffuing merely at the common law) to the true ftandard of law and liberty. (See ENGLAND, $57.) The ftatute itself enacts, 1. That the writ fhall be returned and the prifoner brought up, within a limited time according to the diftance, not exceed ing in any cafe 20 days. 2. That fuch writs fhall be endorfed, as granted in pursuance of this act, and figned by the perfon awarding them. 3. That on complaint and request in writing, by or on behalf of any person committed and charged with any crime, (unless committed for treafon or felony expreffed in the warrant, or for fufpicion of the fame, or as acceffary thereto before the fact, or convicted or charged in execution by legal procefs), the lord chancellor, or any of the 12 judges in vacation, upon viewing a copy of the warrant, or affidavit that a copy is denied, fhall (unless the party has neglected for two terms to apply to any court for his enlargement) award a babeas corpus for fuch prifoner, returnable immediately before, himfelf or any other of the judges; and upon the return made thall difcharge the party, if bailable, upon giving fecurity to appeat and anfwer to the accufation in the proper court of judicature. 4. That officers and keepers, neglecting to make due returns, or not delivering to the prifoner or his agent within fix hours after demand, a copy of the warrant of commitment, or shifting the cuftody (1) HABERDASHER. 2.. [This word is inof a prifoner from one to another without fuffi- geniously deduced by Minsheau from babt ihr dafs, cient reafon or authority, (pecified in the act,) German, have you this the expreffion of a fhopfhall for the first offence forfeit tool. and for the keeper offering his wares to fale.] One who fells zd. 2001. to the party grieved, and he disabled to fmall wares; a pedlar. Because these cunning hold his office. 5. That no perfon orce delivered men are like haber dafbers of fmall wares, it is not by babeas corpus, thall be recommitted for the amifs to fet forth their hop: Bacon. A baberdaster, fame offence, on penalty of rool. 6. That everywho was the oracle of the coffeehoufe, declared his perfon committed for treafon or felony fhall, if he opinion. Addifon. requires it, the first week of the next term, or the first day of the next feffion of oyer and terminer, be indicted in that term or feffion, or effe admit. ted to bail; unlefs the king's witneffes cannot be produced at that time: and if acquitted, or if not indicted and tried in the ad term or feflion, he fball be difcharged from his imprisonment for fuch imputed offence; but that no perfon, after the

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HABEERA, an illand near Algiers:

(2.) HABERDASHER. See BERDASH. This word is now fed in a much more extenfive fenfe, than that above defined by Dr Johnson, § 1. Mr Creech, in his letters to Sir J.Sinclair, fays it " includes many trades,, the mercer, milliner, linendraper, hatter, hofier, glover, and many others." (Stat. Acc. VI. 593.) The mafter and wardens of the company of haberdashers in London, calling

to their affiftance one of the company of cappers, and another of the hat-makers, and mayors, &c. of towns, may fearch the wares of all hatters who work hats with foreign wool, and who have not been apprentices to the trade, or who dye them with any thing but copperas and galls, or woad and madder; in which cafes they are liable to penalties by ftat, 8 Eliz. cap, 7. and 5 Geo. II. c. 22. *HABERDINE. n.. A dried falt cod. Ainfw. HABERE FACIAS SASINAM, a writ judical, which lies where a man has recovered lands, commanding the fheriff to give poffeffion of them.

(1.) * HABERGEON. n. S. [baubergeon, Fr. halbergium, low Lat.] Armour to cover the neck and breaft; breaft-plate; neck-piece; gorget.

And halbert fome, and fome a habergeon; So every one in arms was quickly dight. Fairf. The fhot let fly, and grazing.

Upon his fhoulder, in the paffing, Lodg'd in Magnano's brafs habergeon. Hudib. (2.) HABERGEON, HABERGETUM, [from baut Fr. high, and berg, armour.] was a coat of mail; an ancient piece of defenfive armour, in form of a coat, defcending from the neck to the middle, and formed of little iron rings or mashes, linked into each other,

HABESAN, a town of Perfia in Segeftan. HABICOT, Nicholas, a celebrated French furgeon, born at Bonny in Gatinois, who acquired great reputation by his fkill, and by his writings. He wrote a treatife on the plague, and several other curious works. He died in 1624. *HABILIMENT. n. f. [babilement, Fr.] Drefs; clothes; garment.—”

'He the fairest Una found, Strange lady, in so strange habiliment, Teaching the fatyres.

Fairy Queen. My riches are these poor babiliments, Of which if you should here disfurnish me, You take the fum and substance that I have. Shak. -The clergy fhould content themfelves with wearing gowns and other babiliments of Irish drapery. Savift.

To HABILITATE. v. n. [habiliter, Fr.] To qualify; to entitle. Not in ule.-Divers perfons in the houfe of commons were attainted, and thereby not legal, nor habilitate to ferve in parlia ment, being difabled in the highest degree. Bacon. * HABILITATION. n. f. [from habilitate.] Qualification. The things are but habilitations towards arms; and what is habilitation without intention and act? Bacon.

* HABILITY. n. [. [habilité, French.] Faculty; power: now ability.

HABINGTON, William, an English poet and hiftorian, was the fon of Thomas Habington, Efq. He was born in 1605, at Hendlip in Worcesterfhire; and educated at St Omers and Paris. He died in 1654, and left feveral MSS. in the hands of his fon. His printed works are, 1. Poems under the title of Caftura. 2. The queen of Arragon, a tragi-comedy. 3. Obfervations upon Hiftory. 4. The hiftory of Edward IV.king of England, written in a very florid ftyle, and published at the defire of Charles I.

(1.)* HABIT. n. f. [babitus, Lat.] 1. State of any thing: as, habit of body. 2. Drefs; accoutre. ment; garment,

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Into a madman's rags, t'affume a femblance The very dogs difdain'd; and in this habit Met I my father.

Shak.

If you have any juftice, any pity; If ye be any thing, but churchmen's habits.

Shak.

Both the poets being dreffed in the fame Englifh babit, ftory compared with story, judgment may be made betwixt them. Dryden.

The fcenes are old, the habits are the fame We wore last year. Dryden Changes there are in veins of wit, like thofe of habits or other modes. Temple.-There are among the ftatues feveral of Venus, in different babits. Addifon. The clergy are the only fet of men who wear a diftinct habit from others. Swift. 3. Habit is a power or ability in man of doing any thing, when it has been acquired by frequent doing the fame thing. Locke. He hath a better bad habit of frowning than the count Palatine. Shak. 4. Cuftom; inveterate ufe.-The laft fatal ftep is, by frequent repetition of the finful act, to continue and perfift in it, 'till at length it fettles into a fixed confirmed babit of fin; which being that which the apoftle calls the finishing of fin, ends certainly in death; death not only as to merit, but also as to actual infliction. South

No civil broils have fince his death arofe, But faction now by habit does obey;

And wars have that refpect for his repofe, As winds for halcyons when they breed at fea.

Dryden.

-The force of education is fo great, that we may mould the minds and manners of the young into what fhape we please, and give the impreffions of fuch habits, as fhall ever afterwards remain, Atterburg.

(2.) HABIT, in philofophy, r. def. 3, 4. See CUSTOM, 1, 2. Cuftom and habit have fuch influence upon many of our feelings, by warping and varying them, that their operations demand the attention of all who would be acquainted with human nature. The fubject, however, is intri cate. Some pleasures are fortified by cuftom; and yet cuftom begets familiarity, and confequently indifference. In many inftances, fatiety and dif guft are the confequences of reiteration: again, though custom blunts the edge of diftrefs and of pain, yet the want of any thing to which we have been long accustomed is a fort of torture. Whatever be the cause, it is certain we are much influenced by custom: it has an effect upon our pleafures, upon our actions, and even upon our thoughts and fentiments. Habit makes no figure during the vivacity of youth: in middle age it gains ground; and in old age governs without controul. In that period of life, generally speaking, we eat at a certain hour, take exercise at a certain hour, go to reft at a certain hour, all by the direction of habit; nay, a particular feat, table, bed, comes to be effential; and a habit in any of thefe cannot be controlled without uneafinefs. Any flight or moderate pleasure, frequently reiterated for a long time, forms a peculiar connection between us and the thing that caufes the pleasure. This connection, termed habit, has the effect to awaken our defire for that thing when it returns not as

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ufual. During the courfe of enjoyment, the pleafire rifes infenfibly higher and higher till a habit be eftablished; at which time the pleafure is at its height. It continues not, however, ftationary; the fame cuftomary reiteration which carried it to its height, brings it down again by infenfible degrees. Thofe things which at firft are but moderately agreeable, are the apteft to become habitual. Spirituous liquors, at firft fcarce agreeable, readily produce an habitual appetite; and cultom prevails fo far, as even to make us fond of things originally difagreeable, fuch as coffee, affafoetida, tobacco, opium, &c. A walk upon the quarterdeck, though intolerably confined, becomes how ever fo agreeable by cuftom, that a failor in his walk on fhore confines himfelf commonly within the fame bounds. Lord Kaims mentions a man who had relinquished the fea for a country life; in the corner of his garden he reared an artificial mount with a level fummit, refembling moft accurately a quarter-deck, not only in fhape but in fize; and here he generally walked. In Minorca governor Kane made an excellent road the whole length of the island; and yet the inhabitants adhere to the old road, though not only longer but extremely bad. Gaming, at firft barely amufing by the occupation it affords, becomes in time extremely agreeable; and is often profecuted with avidity, as if it were the chief bufinefs of life. The fame obfervation is applicable to the pleafures of the internal fenfes, thofe of knowledge and virtue in particular; children have fcarce who are of these pleasures; and men very little, any fenfe ftate of nature without culture: ourtafte for virtue and knowledge improves flowly; but is capable of growing ftronger than any other appetite in human nature. To introduce an active habit, frequency of acts is not fufficient without length of time: the quickeft fucceffion of acts in a fhort time is not fufficient; nor a flow fucceffion in the longest time. The effect must be produced by a moderate foft action, and a long feries of eafy touches, removed from each other by Thort intervals. Nor are thefe fufficient without regularity in the time, place, and other circumftances of the action: the more uniform any operation is, the fooner it becomes habitual. And this holds equally in a paffive habit; variety in any remarkable degree prevents the effect; thus any particular food will fcarce ever become habitual where the manner of dreffing is varied. The circumftances then requifite to augment a moderate pleafure, and at the long run to form a habit, are weak uniform acts, reiterated during a long courfe of time, without any confiderable interruption; every agreeable cause that operates in this manner will grow habitual. Lord Kaims, in his Elements of Criticism, has treated this fubject at confiderable length. And Dr Cullen, in his Lectures on the Materia Medica, (1ft edit.) fhows the effects of cuftom and habit on the animal economy

(3.) HABIT, 1. def. 2. The principal part of the drefs worn by the Jews and Greeks was the imalo and the law. The ualov was an upper garment, confifting of a loofe fquare piece of cloth wrapped round the body; the IT was an under garment or tunic, which was faftened round

the body and embraced it clofely, falling down to the middle of the thigh. A perfon divefted of the upper garment, in the eaftern language, was ftyled naked, and in this fenfe DAVID danced naked before the ark. The feveral forts of garments in ufe with both fexes, amongst the Romans, were the toga, tunica, peluna, lacerna, chlamys, paludamentum, læna, ftola, pallium or palla. See ToGA, &c.

(4.) HABIT is particularly used for the uniform garments of the religious, conformable to the rule and order whereof they make profeffion : as the habit of St Benedict, of St Auguftine, && In this fenfe we fay abfolutely, fuch a perfon bas taken the babit; meaning he has entered upon a noviciate in a certain order. So he is faid to quit the babit, when he renounces the order. See Vow. The habits of the feveral religious are not fuppofed to have been calculated for fingularity or novelty: the founders of the orders, who were at firft inhabitants of deferts and folitudes, gave their monks the habits ufual among the country ped. ple. Accordingly the primitive habits of St Anthony, St Hilarion, St Benedict, &c. are defcribed by the ancient writers as confifting chiefly of fheep fkins, the common drefs of the peasants of that time. The orders eftablished in and about cities and inhabited places took the habit worn by other ecclefiaftics at the time of their inftitu 'tion. What makes them differ fo much from each other, as well as from the ecclefiaftical habit of the prefent times, is, that they have always kept invariably to the fame form; whereas the ecclefiaftics and laics have been changing their mode on every occafion.

*To HABIT. v. a. [from the noun.] To drefs; to accoutre; to array.

Prefent yourfelf and your fair princefs Before Leontes:

She fhall be babited as it becomes

The partner of your bed. Sbak, Winter's Tale. -Having called to his memory Sir George Villiers, and the cloaths he used to wear, in which at that time he feemed to be habited, he thought him to be that perfon, Clarendon.-They babited themfelves like thofe rural deities, and imitated them in their ruftick dances. Dryden.

HABITABLE. adj. [babitable, Fr. habitabilis, Lat.] Capable of being dwelt in; capable of fuf taining human creatures.-By means of our foli tary fituation, we know well moft part of the ba bitable world, and are ourfelves unknown, Bacon

That was her torrid and inflaming time; This is her habitable tropique clime. Donne. -The torrid zone is now found babitable. Cowley, Look round the babitable world, how few Know their own good, or knowing it, pursue. Dryden.

HABITABLENESS. n. f. [from babitable. Capacity of being dwelt in. The cutting of the equinoctial line decides that controverfy of the babitableness of the torrid zone. More.Thofe ancient problems of the fpherical roundnefs of the earth, the being of antipodes, and of the babitableness of the torrid zone, are abundantly demonftrated. Ray.

*HABITANCE n.f. [babitatio, Lat.] Dwelling; abode.

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What art thou, man, if man at all thou art, That here in defert haft thine babitance? And thefe rich heaps of wealth doft hide apart From the world's eye, and from her right ufance. Spenfer's Fairy Queen, HABITANT. n. [habitant, Er. habitans, Latin.] Dweller; one that lives in any place; inhabitant.

Not to earth are thofe bright luminaries Officious; but to the earth's babitant. Milton Pow'rs celeftial to each other's view Stand ftill confeft, though diftant far they lie, Or babitants of earth, or fea, or fky. Pope. * HABITATION. n. f. [habitation, Fr. habitatio, Lat.] 1. The ftate of a place receiving dwell

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For want of habitation and repair, Diffolve to heaps of ruins. -Rocks and mountains, which in the firft ages were high and craggy, and confequently then in, convenient for babitation, were by continual deterration brought to a lower pitch. Woodward. 3. Place of abode; dwelling.-Wifdom, to the end the might fave many, built her houfe of that nature which is common unto all; the made not this or that man her habitation, but dwelt in us. Hooker.

God oft defcends to vifit men Unfeen, and through their habitations walks To mark their doings.

Milton.

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HABITATOR. n. [Lat.] Dweller; inhabitant. The fun's prefence is more continued unto the northern inhabitants; and the longeft day in Cancer is longer unto us than that in Ca pricorn unto the fouthern babitators. Brown.

HABITE AND REPUTE, in Scots law, the common opinion of the people, among whom a perfon lives, with refpect to any circumftance relating to him.

*HABITUAL. adj. [babituel, from babit, Fr.] Cuftomary; accustomed; inveterate; eftablished by frequent repetition. It is ufed for both good and ill.

Sin, there in pow't before,

Once actual; now in body, and to dwell
Habitual habitant.

Milton.

-Art is properly an habitual knowledge of cer, tain rules and maxims. South.

By length of time

The fcurf is worn away of each committed crime:

No fpeck is left of their babitual ftains; But the pure ether of the foul remains. Dryden, Tis impoffible to become an able artist, with but making your art habitual to you. Dryden.

* HABITUALLY. adv. [from babitual.] Cuf tomarily; by habit.-Internal graces and qualities of mind fanctify our natures, and render us babitually holy. Atterbury.

To HABITUATE. v. a. [babituer, Fr.] To accuftom; to use one's felf by frequent repetition; with to.-Men are firft corrupted by bad counsel and company, and next they habituate themselves

to their vicious practices. Tilletfon.-Such as live in a rarer air are babituated to the exercife of a greater mufcular ftrength. Arbuthnot.

* HABITUDE. n. f. [habitudo, Latin, babitude, Fr.] 1. Relation; refpect; ftate with regard to fomething elfe.-We cannot conclude this com plexion of nations from the vicinity or babitude they hold unto the fun. Brown.-The will of God is like a ftraight unalterable rule; but the various comportments of the creature, either thwarting this rule, or holding conformity to it, occafions feveral habitudes of this rule unto it. Hale's Origin of Mankind.-It refults from the very nature of things, as they ftand in fuch a certain habitude, or relation to one another. South-As by the objec tive part of perfect happinefs we understand that which is best and laft, and to which all other things are to be referred; fo by the formal part muft be understood the beft and last habitude of man toward that beft object. Norris.

2.

In all the babitudes of life,

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Dryden.

To write well one muft have frequent babitudes with the best company. 3. Long cuftom; habit; inveterate ufe. This is more properly babit. Mankind is willing to continue in a pleafing error, ftrengthened by a long babitude. Dryden

Thy ear, inur'd to charitable founds, And pitying love, muft feel the hateful wounds Of jeft obfcene, and vulgar ribaldry, The ill-bred queftion, and the loud reply, Brought by long habitude from bad to worfe; Must hear the frequent oath, the direful curfe. Prior. 4. The power of doing any thing acquired by frequent repetition.-It is impoffible to gain an exact habitude, without an infinite number of acts and perpetual practice. Dryden..

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HABNAB. adv. [hap ne hap, or nap; as would nould, or ne would; will nill, or ne will; that is, let it happen or not.] At random; at the mercy of chance; without any rule or certainty of effect.He circles draws and fquares, With cyphers, aftral characters; Then looks 'em o'er to understand 'em, Although fet down habnab at random. Hudib. HABOST, a town of Perfia, in Segeftan. (1.) HABSBURG, or HAPSBURG, an ancient caftle and ci-devant bailiwic of Switzerland, in the canton of Lucerne, near the lake, and F. of the town of Lucerne. Lon. 8. 10. E. Lat. 47. 22. N.

(2.) HABSBURG. See HAPSBURG, N° 1. HÁBSHEIM, a town of France, in the dep. of the Upper Rhine, 9 miles NNE. of Altkirch. It was burnt by the Swifs in 1468.

HABUR, an inland in the Red Sea, 6 miles from the coaft of Arabia.

HACHA, a fea-port town of Terra Firma, feat ed at the mouth of the Hacha. Here the Spanish galleons touch at their arrival in S. America, and fend expreffes to all the fettlements to give them notice. Lon. 72.8. W. Lat. 11. 28. N.

HACHENBURG,

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