HAMATED. adj. [hamatus, Lat.] Hooked; fet with hooks.

(1.) HAMATH, in ancient geography, a kingdom of Syria. Toi one of its monarchs cultivated the friendship of David. 2 Sam. viii. 9.

(2.) HAMATH, the capital of the above kingdom, was feated on the Orontes. "The entering into Hamath," fpoken of in Josh, xiii. 5. Judges iii. 3. 2 Kings xiv. 25. and 2 Chr. vii. 8, is the narrow pafs leading from the land of Canaan through the valley between Libanus and Antilibanus, This entrance is fet down as the N. boundary of Canaan, in oppofition to its southern limits, the Nile. Jofephus and St Jerome believed Hamath to be Epiphania. But Theodoret and other good geographers maintain it to be Emeffa in Syria. Jofhua (xix. 35.) affigned Hamath to the tribe of Naphtali. It was taken by the kings of Judah, and retaken from the Syrians by Jeroboam II. 2 Kings xiv. 28. The kings of Affyria at laft took it, and tranfplanted the inhabitants into Samaria. a Kings xvii. 24. and xviii. 34, &c.

HAMAXOBIANS,)[from 'aμaža, a chariot, HAMAXOBII, or and Bros, life.] a people HAMAXOBITE, who had no houfes, but lived in carriages. They were an ancient people of Sarmatia Europea, inhabiting the fouthern part of Muscovy, and inftead of houfes had a fort of tents made of leather, fixed on carriages to be ready for travelling. Some fay they inhabited the countries now called Bessarabia, Moldavia, Wallachia, and part of Transylvania.

(1.) HAMBACH, a town of the French Empire, in the dept. of Mont Tonnere, and late palatinate of the Rhine, 5 miles NE. of Landau, and 16 SW. of Manheim.

(2.) HAMBACH, a town of the French empire, in the dept, of the Eiffel, and ci-devant duchy of Juliers, 3 miles SE. of Juliers. Lon. 23. 58. E. of Ferro. Lat. 50. 57. N.

(31) HAMBACH, a town of Germany, in the Upper Palatinate, 3 miles NE. of Sulzbach, and 6 NNW. of Amberg.

HAMBATO, a town of Peru, in Quito. HAMBDEN, John. See HAMPDEN, (1.) HAMBERGER, George Albert, an eminent mathematician, born in Franconia. He wrote several esteemed works in Hydraulics and Optics, and died at Jena in 1726.

(2.) HAMBERGER, George Chriftopher, a voluminous German author, born in 1726, and best known as the editor of Orpheus's works. He was a member of the university of Gottingen, and died in 1773, aged 74.

HAMBERS, a town of France, in the depart ment of Maine, 10 miles SE. of Maine.

HAMBIE, a town of France, in the department of the Channel, 7 miles SE. of Coutances.

HAMBLE, a river of England, in Hampshire. * To HAMBLE, v. n. [from ham.] To cut the finews of the thigh; to hamstring.

(1.) HAMBLEDON, a town of Hampshire, 10 miles SW. of Petersfield, and 63 WSW. of London. (2.) HAMBLEDON, a village in Bucks, near Henley.

(3.) HAMBLETON HILL, a hill of Dorfetfhire, near Sturminster, upon which was an ancient Roman camp. It extends & of a mile from E. to W.

and affords a fine view of Blackmore. Many Roman coins have been dug up in it.

}

(T) HAMBURG, or an imperial city of Ger(1.) HAMBURGH, many. Its name is derived from the old German word Hamme, fignify. ing a wood, and Burg, a castle; and ftands on the N. fide of the Elbe, where it is 4 miles broad, and forms two fpacious harbours. It alfo runs through most part of it in canals. It flows above Hamburg many miles; but when the tide is accompanied with NW. winds, much damage is done by its inundations. There are many bridges over the canals, which are mostly on a level with the streets, and some of them have houses on both fides. In 833. Lewis the Pious erected Hamburg into a bishopric, and afterwards into an archbishopric. Adolphus III. duke of Saxony, among other privileges, granted it the right of fishing in the Elbe, 8 miles above and below the city. It was declared a free imperial city in 1618, The kings of Denmark, fince they fucceeded to the counts of Holstein, have claimed the fovereignty of this place, and often compelled the citizens to pay large fums to purchase the confirmation of their liberties. It has more than once paid homage to the king of Denmark; who, notwithstanding, keeps a minifter in it, which is an acknowledgment of its independency and fovereignty. By their fituation among a number of poor princes, the Hamburghers are continually exposed to their rapacioufnefs, especially that of the Danes, who have extorted vaft fums from them. The city is very populous in proportion to its bulk; for though one may walk with ease round the ramparts in two hours, yet its population is estimated at 250,000 people. It has many charitable fouadations, but all perfons found begging in the streets are committed to the house of correction. There is an hofpital into which unmarried women may be admitted for a small fum, and comfortably maintained for life. The number of hofpitals is greater in proportion to its bigness than in any other Proteftant city in Europe. The revenue of the orphan-house alone is faid to amount to between 50 and 60,000l. There is a large fumptuous hofpital for receiving poor travellers that fall fick. In one of their workhoufes, thofe who have not performed their task are hoisted up in a basket over the table in the common hall, while the reft are at dinner, that they may be tantalized with the fight and smell of what they cannot tafte. The established religion of Hamburg is Lutheranifm; the Calvinists and the Roman catholics go to the ambassadors chapels. The churches, which are ancient large fabrics, are open thoroughfares, and in fome of them there are bookfellers hops. The church of St Nicholas has fine chimes, which play every morning early and at one P. M. The pulpit of St Catherine's is of marble, curiously carved and adorned with figures of gold. Its organ, reckoned one of the best in Europe, bas 6000 pipes. The cathedral is very ancient, and its tower leans as if just going to fall; yet, on account of the fingularity and beauty of its architecture, the danger attending it has been hitherto overlooked. There is ftill a dean and chapter be longing to this church, though fecularized; from whofe court, while the German conftitution ex

ifted, there lay no appeal, but to the imperial chamber at Wetzlar. The chapter confifts of a provost, dean, 13 canons, 8 minor canons, and 30 vicarii immunes. The cathedral, with the chapter, and a number of houses belonging to them, are under the immediate protection of his Britannic majefty as duke of Bremen, who difpofes of the prebends that fall vacant, in fix months of the year, alternately with the chapter. Hamburg is almoft of a circular form, and fix miles in compafs. It has 6 gates, and 3 entrances by water, viz. two from the Elbe and one from the Alfter, being divided into the old and new towns, which are ftrongly fortified with moats, ramparts, baftions, and out-works. The ramparts are very lofty, and planted with trees, and fo broad that -feveral carriages may go a-breaft. In the new town, towards Altena, are feveral streets inhabited by Jews. Through that entrance from the Elbe, called the lover Baum, all ships pafs and repafs. Every morning, at the opening of it, is feen a multitude of boats and small barks, loaded with milk, fruits, and all kinds of provifions. There are feveral convents, which, having been fecularized, are now poffeffed by the Lutherans. One of them holds its lands by this tenure, That they offer a glafs of wine to every malefactor who is carried by it for execution." There is a fine exchange, though not equal to that of London. A citizen, when he dies, muft leave the roth of his eftate to the city; and foreigners, not naturalized, muft pay a certain fum annually for liberty to trade. The carts here are only a long pulley laid upon an axle-tree between two wheels, and drawn not by horfes, but by men, of whom a dozen or more are fometimes linked to thefe machines, with flings across their fhoulders. Such of the fenators, principal elders, divines, regular phyficians, and graduates in law, as affift at funerals, have a fee. The hangman's house is the common prifon for all malefactors; on whom fentence is passed on Friday, and on Monday they are executed. As, by the laws, no criminal is punishable unless he plead guilty, they have five different kinds of torture to extort fuch confeffion. The government is vefted in the fenate and three colleges of burghers. The former exercise almoft every act of fovereignty, except that of laying Baxes and managing the finances, which are the prerogatives of the latter. The magiftracy is compofed of 4 burgomasters, 4 fyndics, and 24 aldermen, of whom fome are lawyers and fome merchants. Any perfon elected into the magiftracy, and declining the office, muft leave the city. No burgher is admitted into any of the colleges, unlefs he dwells in a house of his own within the city, and is poffeffed of 1000 rixdollars in fpecie, over and above the sum for which the house may be mortgaged; or 1000 in moveable goods, within the jurifdiction of the fame. For the adminiftration of juftice, there are several inferior courts, from which an appeal lies to the Obergericht, or high court, and from that to the aulic council and other imperial colleges. For naval caufes there is a court of admiralty, which, jointly with the city treafury, has also the care of the navigation of the Elbe, from the city to the river's mouth. In confequence of this, 100 large buoys, fome white,

others black, are kept conftantly floating in the ri ver in fummer: but in winter, there are machines, like thofe called ice-beacons, to point out the fhoals and flats. At the mouth of the Elbe is a veffel with pilots ready to put on board the fhips. At the mouth of the river alfo is a good harbour, called CUXHAVEN, belonging to Hamburg; a lighthouse; and feveral beacons, fome of them very large. For defraying the expense of thefe, certain duties were formerly granted by the emperors to the city. There is a canal by which a communication is opened with the Trave, and thereby with Lubeck and the Baltic, without the hazard and expenfe of going about by the Sound. The trade of Hamburg is exceeding great, in exporting all the commodities and manufactures of the cities and ftates of Germany, and supplying them with whatever they want from abroad. Its exports confift of linens of several forts and countries; as lawns, diapers, Ofnaburgs, dowlas, &c. linen yarn tin-plates, iron, brafs, and fteel wire, clap-boards pipe ftaves, wainscot boards, oak planks, timber kid fkins, corn, beer, flax, honey, wax, anifeed linfeed, drugs, wine, tobacco, and metals. Its prin cipal imports are the woollen manufactures and other goods of Great Britain. By a lift publifhed at Hamburg in Dec. 1800, the total imports from Britain, between 1ft Oct. 1799 and 1ft Oct. 1800 amounted to 10 millions Sterling; thofe from America to 4 millions; and thofe from France Spain, Portugal, Italy, Ruffia, and other countries to about 9 millions; in all about 24 millions Ster ling in value: yet with all this immenfe commerce there is not a fingle manufacture of any extent carried on in it. This trade has been hitherto moftly carried on in British bottoms. Their whale fishery is alfo very confiderable, 50 or 60 fhips be ing generally fent out every year in this trade The inland trade of Hamburgh is fuperior to tha of any in Europe, except thofe of Amfterdam and London. There is a periodical paper published here, called the Preis Courant, specifying the cours of exchange, with the prices which every commo dity and merchandise bore laft upon the exchange There is alfo a board of trade, for advancing every project for the improvement of commerce. The bank, established in 1619, has a flourishing credit To fupply the poor with corn at a low price there are public granaries, in which great quanti ties of grain are laid up. By charters from fevera emperors, the Hamburghers exercise the right o coinage. The English merchants, or Hamburg company, enjoy great privileges. They hold court with particular powers, and a jurisdiction among themfelves, and have a church and minifte of their own. This city has a district belonging to it of confiderable extent, which abounds with excellent pastures, intermixed with several larg villages and noblemen's feats. A fmall bailiwic called Bergedorf, belongs to this city and Lubeck Though Hamburg has an undoubted right to feat in the diet of the empire, and is regularly fum moned to it, yet as it pays no contributions to the military cheft in time of war, and is unwilling t incur the refentment of Denmark, it makes no uf of that privilege. There is a gymnafium, well en dowed, with fix able profeffors, who read lecture in it as at the univerfities. There are alfo fevera

fre

free schools, and a great number of libraries. The public cellar has always a prodigious stock of old hock, which brings in a confiderable revenue. Befides the militia, there is an establishment of regular forces, confifting of 12 companies of infantry, and one troop of dragoons, under the commandant, who is ufually a foreigner. There is alfo an artillery company, and a guard; the last of which is pofted at night all over the city, and calls the hours. This city was taken poffeffion of by 5000 Danes, under Prince Charles of Heffe, on the 29th March, 1801; but was evacuated within two months after. It has fince this period been fub. jected to numerous vexations from the French, and will probably be annexed to fome of the tributary kingdoms of that empire. It lies 38 miles SW. of Lubec, and 58 NE. of Bremen. Lon. 9.55. E. Lat. 53. 35. N.

(2.) HAMBURGH, a town of Pensylvania, at the foot of the Blue Mountains, 50 miles NW. of Philadelphia.

HAMBURGHER BERG, a fuburb of HAMBURGH, (N° 1.) which extends as far as Altona, being feparated from it only by a ditch.

HAMCHEU, a town of China, in Tche-kien. (1.) HAMDEN, John. See HAMPDEN. (2.) HAMDEN, a town of the United States in Connecticut, 17 miles SW. of Middleton.

(3.) HAMDEN, a township of the diftrict of Maine, in Hancock county, W. of the Penobscot. (4.) HAMDEN, GREAT, [from ham. Sax. a (5.) HAMDEN, LITTLE, village, and den, a narrow valley.] Two villages in Bucks, near Wendover.

(1.) * HAME, n. f. [ḥama, Sax.] The collar by which a horse draws in a waggon,

(2.) HAME, a village in Hants, near Andover. (1.) HAMEL, a town of France, in the dep. of Oife, 3 miles SE. of Grandvillier.

(2.) HAMEL, a river of Germany in Lower Saxony, which joins the Weser at Hamelin.

(3.) HAMEL. See HAMLET, N° 3.

(4.) HAMEL, John Babtifte Du, a learned French philofopher of the 17th century. At 18 he wrote a treatife, in which he explained in a very fimple manner Theodofius's 3 books of Spherics; to which he added a tract upon trigonometry, extremely perfpicuous, and defigned as an introduction to aftronomy. Natural philofophy, as then taught, was only a collection of vague, knotty, and barren queftions; when he undertook to establish it upon right principles, and published his Aftronomia Phyfica. In 1666 Mr Colbert proposed to Lewis XIV. a scheme for eftablishing a royal academy of sciences; and appointed Du Hamel fecretary. He was alfo regius profeffor of philofophy, and published a great number of books. He died at Paris in 1706, aged 83. He wrote Latin with purity and elegance.

(5.) HAMEL DU MONCEAU, Henry Lewis Du, a late French author, born at Paris in 1700. He was appointed infpector of the Marine, an office which he executed with reputation. He wrote Elements of Agriculture, Treatifes on Trees, on Naval Architecture and other subjects. He died in 1781.

HAMELBURG, a town of Franconia, in FulVOL. XI. PART I.

da, on the Saab, 16 miles W. of Schweinfurt, and 24 S. of Fulda. Lon. 1o. 12. E. Lat. 50. 16. N. HAMELIN, or HAMELN a ftrong town of Germany, in the duchy of Calemberg, in Lower Saxony, fituated at the extremity of the duchy of Brunfwick, to which it is the key, near the confluence of the Hamel and Wefer; 18 miles SE. of Minden, and 28 SW. of Hanover. It belongs to his Majefty, as elector of Hanover; but the Pruffians took poffeffion of it, April 9th, 1801. Lon. 9. 35. E. Lat. 52. 10. N.

HAMELLIA, in botany: A genus of the monogynia order, belonging to the pentandria class of plants, and in the natural method ranking in the dubious order. The corolla is quinquefid; the berry quinquelocular, inferior, polyfpermous. HAMER, a town of Poland, in Poínania. HAMESECKEN, Į BURGLARY, or NOCTUR HAMESOKEN, NAL HOUSE-BREAKING, was by the ancient English law called Hamefecken, as it ftill is in Scotland. Violating the privilege of a man's houfe in Scotland is as feverely punished as ravishing a woman.

(1.) HAMI, a country of Afia, fubject to the Chinefe, fituated NE. of China, at the extremity of that defert which the Chinese call Chamo, and the Tartars Cobi; 90 leagues diftant from the moft wefterly point of the province of Chenfi. This country was anciently inhabited by a wandering people, named IONG. About A. A. C. 950, they fent deputies to pay homage to the emperor of China, and prefented fome fabres by way of tribute. The civil wars by which China was torn, about the end of the dynafty of Tcheou, having prevented affiftance from being fent, they fell under the dominion of the Hiongnou, who appear to have been the fame with the Huns, who were then a formidable nation. The Chinese several times loft and recovered the country of Hami. In A. D. 131 (the 6th year of the reign of Chunty, of the dynasty of the eastern Han), the emperor kept an officer there in quality of governor. Under the following dynafties, the fame viciffitudes were experienced: Hami was fometimes united to Chenfi, fometimes independent of it, and fometimes even of the whole empire. The fituation of these people, feparated by vaft deferts from China, to which they had no relation, in language, manners, or cuftoms, greatly facilitated these revolutions. All the tributary fates having revolted in 610, that of Hami followed their example; but it again fubmitted to the yoke, under Tai-tfong, who paid particular attention to his new conqueft. He divided it into 3 districts, and connected its civil and military government in fuch manner to that of Chenfi and other neighbouring countries, that tranquillity prevailed during his reign and feveral of thofe that followed. Through Hami all the caravans which went from the W. to China, or from China to the W, were obliged to pass. Luxury having weakened the dynafty of Tang, the Mahometans (who had made a rapid progrefs in all the countries between Perfia, Cobi, and the Cafpian sea) advanced as far as Hami, and conquered it. This country afterwards had princes of its own, but dependent on the Tartars. The Yuen or Mogul Tartars again united it to F Chenfi i

Chenfi; and this reunion fubfifted until 1360, when the emperor formed it into a kingdom, on condition of its princes doing homage and pay. ing tribute. The king of Hami was honoured with a new title in 1404, and obtained a golden feal. After a conteft of feveral years for the fucceffion to the throne, Hami fell a prey to the king of Tou-eulh-fan. This yoke foon became uneafy to the people, who revolted from their new mafters, and made conquefts from them in their turn. Their new king did not long possess the throne, being conquered and killed in a bloody battle with the king of Tou-culh-fan, who perished fome time after. Hami has been fince fucceffively expofed to anarchy, or governed by its own princes. The prince who filled the throne in 1696, acknowledged himself a vaffal of the empire, and fent as tribute to Peking camels, horfes, and fabres. Kanghi established the rank that the king of Hami fhould hold among the tributary princes, the time when he should come to render homage, the nature of the prefents neceffary for his tribute, the number of auxiliaries to be furnished in time of war, and the manner of his appointing a fucceffor. These regulations have fubfifted till this time. Hami, though furrounded by deferts, is accounted one of the most delightful countries in the world. The foil produces grain, fruits, leguminous plants, pafture, &c. in plenty. The rice is particularly esteemed in China; and the pomegranates, oranges, peaches, raifins, and prunes, have a moft exquisite taste; the jujubes are fo juicy, and have fo delicious a flavour, that the Chinese call them perfumed jujubes. There is no fruit more in requeft than the melons of Hami, which are carried to Peking for the emperor's table. They are much more whole fome than thofe of Europe; and have this fingular property, that they may be kept fresh during great part of the winter. But the moft ufeful production of this country is its raisins. These are of two kinds : The firft, which are much ufed in the Chinese medicine, have a perfect refemblance to thofe known in Europe by the name of Corinthian. The 2d, which are in much greater request for the table, are fmaller and more delicate than thofe of Provence. The Chinese authors agree with Meflrs Lemery and Geoffroy, refpecting the virtue and qualities of thefe dried grapes; but they attribute more efficacy to thofe of Hami than to thofe of China. They fay that an infufion of the first is of great fervice in facilitating an eruption of the small-pox about the 4th day, when the patient is too weak; and promotes a gentle perfpiration in fome kinds of pleurifies or malignant fevers. The emperor caufed plants to be transported from Hami to his gardens in Peking. The raifins produced by them are exceedingly fweet, and have a moft exquifite flavour. Although Hami lies farther N. than feveral of the departments of France, its climate is more favourable to the culture of vines, and gives a fuperior degree of quality to the grapes. It never rains at Hami; even dews and fogs are fcarcely ever seen there; the country is watered only by the fhow which falls in winter, and by the water of this fnow when melt ed, which is collected at the bottoms of the mountains, and preferved with great care. Hami con

tains a great number of villages and hamlets; but it has properly only one city, which is its capital (See N° 2.) This country is very abundant in fofils and valuable minerals: the Chinese have for a long time procured diamonds and a great deal of gold from it; at prefent it fupplies them with a kind of agate, on which they fet a great value. The inhabitants are brave, capable of enduring fatigue, very dexterous in all bodily exercifes, and make excellent foldiers; but they are fickle and foon irritated, and when in a paffion are extremely ferocious and fanguinary.

(2.) HAMI, the capital of the above kingdom, is furrounded by lofty walls, half a league in circumference, and has two gates, one fronting the E. and the other the W. which make a fine appearance at a distance. The streets are ftraight, and well laid out; but the houses (which contain only a ground floor, and are almost all conftructed of earth) make very little fhow: however, as this city enjoys a ferene sky, and is fituated in a beautiful plain watered by a river, and furrounded by mountains which fhelter it from the N. winds, it is a moft delightful place. On whatever fide one approaches it, gardens may be seen which contain every thing that a fertile and cultivated foì? can produce in the mildest climates. All the surrounding fields are enchanting, but do not extend far; for on feveral fides they terminate in dry plains, where a number of beautiful horfes are fed and a species of excellent fheep, which have large flat tails that sometimes weigh three pounds. This city is 1045 miles NW. of Pekin. Lon. III. 30. E. of Ferro. Lat. 42. 53. 20. N.

HAMIEZ, a town of Barbary, in Fez. HAMILCAR, the father of Hannibal. AMILCAR, and CARTHAGE, § 5.

See

(1.) HAMILTON, a parish of Scotland, in Lanarkshire, 6 miles long from NE. to SW. and 5 broad from NW. to SE. The Clyde nearly bounds it on the E. and N. The furface is mostly arable; the foil of the low grounds deep and fertile; that of the higher parts moftly clay; wheat, oats, peafe, beans, barley, hay, flax, and potatoes are the produce. The air is dry and falubrious; and longevity is frequent. A married couple died lately, the one aged 102 and the other 106. The ground is mofly inclosed, but improvements are retarded by bigh rents. Limestone abounds, and limeworks have been carried on for above a century. Coals, free-ftone, yellow ochre, fuller's and potter's earth, are alfo found, and there are feveral petrifying fprings in the parith. The population in 1791, ftated by Mr John Naismith, in his report to Sir J. Sinclair, was 5017, and had increased 1202 fince 1755. There are relics of a Roman tuniulus, and of feveral ancient caftles, besides that of CADZOW, in the parish; and there are old oaks in the duke's park, which measure above 27 feet round.

(2.) HAMILTON, a town in the above parish (N° 1.), feated on the Clyde, in the middle of a very agreeable plain, on the E. fide of a large park near miles in circumference, inclofed with a high wall, full of deer and other game, belonging to the D. of Hamilton. The original name f this place was CADZOW, or Cadyow, a barony granted to an ancefior of the noble owner, on the following

following occafion: In the time of Edward II. lived Sir Gilbert de Hamilton, or Hampton, an Englishman of rank; who happening at court to fpeak in praife of Robert Bruce, received an infult from John de Spenser, chamberlain to the king, whom he fought and flew. Dreading the refentment of that potent family, he fled to the Scottish monarch; who established him at the place poffeffed by the duke of Hamilton. In aftertimes the name changed from Cadzow to Hamilton; and in 1445 the lands were erected into a lordship, and the then owner Sir James fat in parliament as lord Hamilton. He founded the collegiate church at Hamilton in 1451; and the town was made a burgh of barony in 1456. The population in 1791 was 3601. Weaving is the chief manufacture. Hamilton palace is at the end of the town; a large pile, with two deep wings at right angles with the centre: the gallery is of great extent; and furnished with most excellent paintings. Hamilton is 11 miles SE. of Glasgow, and 13 NNW. of Lanark. Lon. 3. 50. W. Lat. 55. 40. N.

(3.) HAMILTON, Anthony, count, defcended from a noble family in Scotland, was born in Ireland, and fettled in France. He wrote feveral poetical pieces; and was the firft who compofed romances in an agreeable taste, without imitating the burlesque of Scarron. He is also said to be the author of the Memoirs of the count de Grammont, one of the best written pieces in the French language. His works were printed in 6 vols. 12mo. He died at St Germaine en Laye, in 1720.

(4.) HAMILTON, George, earl of Orkney, a brave warrior, was the 5th fon of William earl of Selkirk. Being made colonel in 1689-90, he diftinguished himself by his bravery at the battle of the Boyne; and foon after at thofe of Ahrim, Steinkirk, and Landen, and at the fieges of Athlone, Limeric, and Namur. His eminent fervices in Ireland and Flanders, recommended him so highly to K. William III. that, in 1696, he crea ted him earl of Orkney; and his lady, the fifter of Edward viscount Villiers, and afterwards earl of Jerfey, had a grant made to her, under the great feal of Ireland, of almost all the private eftates of the late king James. Upon the acceffion of queen Anne, he was promoted to the rank of majorgeneral in 1702, and in 1703, to that of lieuten. ant-general, and was likewise made K. T. He afterwards ferved under the duke of Marlborough, and contributed by his bravery and conduct to the glorious victories of Blenheim and Malplaquet. In 1710, he was fworn of the privy-council, and made general of the foot in Flanders. In 1712, he was made colonel of the royal regiment of fufiliers, and ferved in Flanders under the duke of Ormond. In 1714, he was appointed gentleman extraordinary of the bed-chamber to king George I. and afterwards governor of Virginia. At length he was appointed governor of Edinburgh castle, lord lieutenant of Clydefdale, and field-marshal. He died at his house in Albemarle-street, in 1737. (5.) HAMILTON, John, the 24th bishop of St Andrew's, to which he was tranflated from Dunkeld. He was natural fon of James, the firft earl of Arran; was one of Q. Mary's privy council, and a steady adherent to her intereft. He bapti. zed her fon, and was made lord privy feal and lord

treasurer. The queen had reafon to lament her not following his advice, after the fatal battle of Langfide, viz, not to truft her perfon in England. By the regent earl of Murray, he was declared a traitor, and obliged to feek shelter among his friends. Being in the caftle of Dumbarton when it was taken, he was carried to Stirling, where on April 1. 1570 he was hanged on a tree. The following farcaftic lines were written upon it :

Vive diu, felix arbor, femperque vireto Frondibus, ut nobis talia poma feras. (6.) HAMILTON, Sir Gilbert. See N° 2. (7.) HAMILTON, William, of Bangour, a cele brated Scots poet, the friend and poetical correfpondent of Allan Ramfay, was born at Bangour, in Linlithgowfhire, in the beginning of the 18th century, and was for fome time a lieutenant in the Royal Navy. His mother was fifter to Col. Thomas Hamilton of Olivestob, and after the death of her first husband, Mr Hamilton of Bangour was married to Sir Hugh Dalrymple of North Ber wick, Lord Prefident of Seffion, whom the furvived. Lieutenant Hamilton lived many years at Gilbertfield in Lanarkshire, and afterwards at Latrick, where he died 24th May 1751. His works were printed at Edinburgh, in 12mo, in 1760.

HAMILTON'S BAWN, a village of Ireland, in the county of Armagh, Ulster.

HAMIN, a town of Arabia, in Oman. HAMING, a town of Sweden, in Sudermania. (1.) HAMLET, a prince of Denmark, whose hiftory has been rendered interefting, by being the fubject of one of the nobleft tragedies of Shakefpeare. Adjoining to a royal palace, which ftands about half a mile from Cronburg in Elfineur, is a garden, which, Mr Coxe informs us, is called Hamlet's Garden, and is faid to be the spot where his father was murdered. The houfe is of modern date, and is fituated at the foot of a sandy ridge near the fea. The garden occupies the fide of the hill, and is laid out in terraces riling above each other. The original history, from which the poet derived the principal incidents of his play, is founded upon facts, but fo deeply buried in remote antiquity that it is difficult to discriminate truth from fable. Saxo Grammaticus, who flourished in the 12th century, is the earliest hiftorian of Denmark who relates the adventures of Hamlet. His account is much altered, by Belleforeft, a French author, a tranflation of whose romance was published under the title of the Hystorye of Hamblet; from which Shakespeare formed the ground-work of his play. The following short sketch of Hamlet's history is recorded in the Danish annals. Long before the introduction of Christianity into Denmark, Horwendillus, king of Jutland, was married to Gertrude, daughter of Ruric king of Denmark, by whom he had a fon called Amletus, or Hamlet. Fengo murders his brother Horwendillus, marries Gertrude, and afcends the throne. Hamlet, to` avoid his uncle's jealousy, counterfeits infanity, but is fuch an abhorrer of falfehood, that though he conftantly frames the most evafive and even abfurd answers, yet he artfully contrives never to deviate from truth. Fengo, fufpecting the reality of his madness, endeavours. by various methods to difcover the real ftate of his mind. Among F 2

others,