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it rifes from 16 to 24 feet high. The ftems are generally crooked, and feldom thicker than a man's thigh. The branches, which come out on each fide, are crooked, irregular, and armed with ftrong thorns, garnished with winged leaves, composed of 3 pair of obfcure lobes indented at the top. The flowers come in a racemus from the wings of the leaves, ftanding erect, and are of a pale yellowish colour, with a purple impalement. They are fucceeded by flat oblong pods, each containing 2 or 3 kidney feeds. Dr Wright says, that this tree was introduced into Jamaica from Honduras in 1715; and is now too common, as it has over-run large tracts of land, so that it is very difficult to root out. It makes a beautiful and strong fence against cattle. If pruned from the lower branches, it grows to a fizeable tree, and, when old, the wood is as good as that from Honduras. The trees are cut up into billets or junks, the bark and white sap of which are chipped off, and the red part, or heart, is fent to England for fale. See LOGWOOD.

HÆMIMONS, or a province of ancient IlHÆMIMONTUS, lyricum, on Mount HÆ

MUS.

HÆMOPTOE, or a spitting of blood. See HÆMOPTYSIS, MEDICINE, 251, 692

701.

HÆMORRHAGIA, ) [from 'ara, blood, and HÆMORRHAGY gyvu, to burst forth,] in medicine, a flux of blood at any part of the body; arifing either from a rupture of the veffels, when too full or too much preffed; or from an erofion of them, when the blood is too sharp and corrofive. Hæmorrhagia, among the ancient Greeks, was only used for a flux of blood at the nose; but the moderns extend the name to any flux of blood, whether by the nose, mouth, lungs, ftomach, intestines, matrix, or any other part. See MEDICINE, Í 686-745, and SURGERY, § 43—49, and 461, 462.

HÆMORRHOIDAL, an appellation given by anatomists to the arteries and veins going to the inteftinum rectum.

HÆMORRHOIDS, or PILES, an issue of blood from the hæmorrhoidal veffels. See MEDICINE, § 253, 719–727, and SURGERY, § 713.

HÆMUS, in ancient geography, a vaft ridge, running from Illyricum towards the Euxine, fo high as to afford a prospect both of the Euxine and Adriatic feas.

HAEN, Anthony Dɛ, M. D. an eminent German physician of the 18th century. He was privy counsellor and phyfician to the late emprefs Mary-Therefa, queen of Hungary and Bohemia. He was author of many works, of which the principal are his Ratio Medendi, in 17 vols. 8vo, and a Treatife on Magic. He died in 1776.

HÆRES, a goddess to whom the ancient Romans facrificed upon becoming heir to a fortune. HÆRETICO COMBURENDO, a writ which anciently lay against an heretic, who, having once been convicted of herefy by his bishop, and having abjured it, afterwards falling into it again, or into fome other, was thereupon committed to the fecular power. It is thought by fome to be as ancjent as the common law itself; however, the conviction of heresy by the common law was not in

any petty ecclefiaftical court, but before the archbishop in a provincial fynod, and the delinquent was delivered up to the king to do with him as he pleased: fo that the crown had a control over the fpiritual power. But by 2 Hen. IV. cap. 15. the diocefan alone, without the intervention of a fynod, might convict of heretical tenets; and unless the convict abjured his opinions, or if after abjuration. he relapfed, the fheriff was bound ex officio, if required by the bishop, to commit the unhappy victim to the flames, without waiting for the confent of the crown. This writ was actually executed on two Anabaptifts in the 7th of Elizabeth, and on two Arians in the 9th of James I. Sir Edward Coke was of opinion, that this writ did not lie in his time; but it is now taken away by ftat. 29 Car. II. cap. 9. But this ftatute does not take away or abridge the jurisdiction of Proteftant archbishops or bishops, or any other judges of any ecclefiaftical courts, in cafes of athiefm, blafphemy, herefy, or fchifm, and other damnable doctrines and opinions; but they may prove and punish the fame according to his majefty's ecclefiaftical laws, by excommunication, deprivation, degradation, and other ecclefiaftical cenfures not extending to death, in fuch fort and no other, as they might have done before the making of this act. Sec. 2. See HERESY.

(1.) HAERLEM. See HARLEM.

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(2.) HAG, in zoology. See MYXNNE.

* To HAG. v. a. [from the noun.] To torment; to harafs with vain terror.

That makes them in the dark fee vifions, And bag themselves with apparitions. Hudibr. How are fuperftitious men bagged out of their wits with the fancy of omens, tales, and vifions! L'Efrange

HAGA COMITIS. See HAGUE.

HAGAR, [, Heb. i. e. a ftranger.] a native of Egypt, the fervant of Sarah, concubine of Abraham, mother of ISHMAEL, and ancestor of the ARABIANS. Her hiftory, and the repeated divine interpofitions for the preservation of her and her fon, are recorded in Gen. xvi. and xxi.

HAGARD. adj. [hagard, Fr.] 1. Wild; irreclaimable.

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I know her spirits are as coy and wild,
As bagard as the rock.

Shak, 2. [Hager, German.] Lean; rugged; perhaps, ugly. To this fense I have put the following paffage; for the author ought to have written bagard. A bagged carrion of a wolf, and a jolly fort of dog, with good flesh upon's back, fell into company together. L'Etrange. 3. Deformed with paffion; wildly difordered.

Fearful befides of what in fight had pass'd, His hands and bagard eyes to heaven he caft. Dryden. Where are the conscious looks, the face now pale,

Now flushing red, the down-caft hagard eyes, Or fix't on earth, or flowly rais'd? Smith. HAGARENES, or a branch or tribe of the HAGARITES, defcendants of Ishmael, so named from his mother. Some make the name fynonymous with ISHMAELITES, ARABIANS, and SARACENS; but Afaph, in Pfalm lxxxiii, ver. 6. mentions them as diftinct from the other Ishmaelites. They dwelt in Arabia Felix, according to Pliny. Strabo joins them with the Nabathæans, and Chaylotæans, whofe habitation was rather in Arabia Deferta. Others think their capital was Petra, or Agra, and if fo, they dwelt in Arabia Petræa. The Reubenites, in the days of Saul, made war with the Hagarites, and became mafters of their country E. of Gilead. This therefore was the true country of the Hagarenes. In the reign of Jeroboam II. 44,760 Ifraelites defeated them, and took 100,000 prisoners, with immenfe booty. (1 Chron. v. 10, 19-21.) When Trajan came into Arabia, he befieged the capital of the Hagarenes, but could not take it. The Hagarenes valued themselves upon their wisdom. See Baruch iii. 23. HAGAR'S TOWN. See ELIZABETH, No 10, HAGEDORN, Frederick DE, a celebrated German poet, born at Hamburg, where his father. was refident for Frederick IV. king of Denmark, in 1708. He finished his ftudies at Jena; and, in 1728, publihed a number of poetical pieces in Germany, which were well received. He afterwards came to England, and, at his return, was

made fecretary to the English Hamburgh Compa ny, a lucrative employment that left him fufficient time for cultivating the muses. In 1738, he pub. lifhed his Fables and Tales, the firft German collection of the kind. He afterwards published Moral Poems, Epigrams, and 5 books of Songs: which of all his poetical pieces are moft efteemed. He died in 1754.

HAGEN, 2 towns of Germany, i. in the isle of Rugen in Upper Saxony, 16 miles SE. of Ber. gen: 2. in Weftphalia, 6 miles NW. of Altena. (1.) HAGENAU, a town of Saxony, in the duchy of Schwerin, 26 miles SW. of Schwerin. (2.) HAGENAU. See HAGUENAU.

HAGENBACH, a town of the French republic, in the dept. of the Lower Rhine, 4 miles N. of Lauterburg, and 12 SE. of Landau.

HAGENBRUNN, a town of Auftria.

HAGENBURG, 2 towns of Germany: 1. in Auftria, 9 miles NE. of Steyregg: 2. in Schauenburg, 15 miles W. of Hanover.

HAGETMAU, a town of France, in the dep. of Landes, 7 miles S. of St Sever.

HAGGAI, [n, Heb. i. e. Pleasant.] the roth of the minor prophets, was born, in all probabi lity, at Babylon, A. M. 3457, from whence he returned with Zerubbabel. By command from God (Ezra v. 1, 2, &c.) he exhorted the Jews, after their return from the captivity, to finish the rebuilding of the temple, which they had intermitted for 14 years. To encourage them, he affured them, that the glory of this latter house fhould be greater than the glory of the former; which was accordingly fulfilled, when Chrift ho noured it with his presence; for with respect to the building, the latter was nothing in comparison of the former. The Jews fay, that he died in the laft year of the reign of Darius, at the fame time with the prophets Zechariah and Malachi. Epi. phanius fays, he was buried at Jerusalem with the priests. The Greeks keep his festival on the 16th December, and the Latins on the 4th of July. *HAGGARD. n. f. 1. Any thing wild or irreclaimable.

I will be married to a wealthy widow, Ere three days pafs, which has as long lov'd me As I have lov'd this proud difdainful baggard. Shak. 2. A fpecies of hawk.

Does the wild baggard tow'r into the fky, And to the fouth by thy direction fly? Sandys. -I enlarge my difcourfe to the obfervation of the aires, the brancher, the ramith hawk, and the baggard. Walton. 3. A hag. So Garth has used it for want of understanding it.

Beneath the gloomy covert of an yew, In a dark grot, the baleful haggard lay, Breathing black vengeance, and infecting day. Garth. * HAGGARDLY. adv. [from baggard.] Deformedly; uglily.

For her the rich Arabia sweats her gun; And precious oils from diftant Indies come, How baggardly fo'er she looks at home. Dryd HAGGED. See HAGARD.

HAGGEIN, a tremendous mountain of the Helvetic republic, in the canton of Schweitz, with a triple top.

HAC.

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But on us both did baggish age steal on, And wore us out of act.

Shak. (1.)*To HAGGLE. v. a. [corrupted from backle or back.) To cut; to chop; to mangle; always in a bad fenfe.

*HAGGES. n. f. [from bog or back.] A mafs airy place, in form of a triangle, adorned with neat of meat, generally pork chopped, and inclofed in and beautiful buildings: the Vyverberg is an emia membrane. In Scotland it is commonly made nence, laid out into feveral fhady walks, with the in a fheep's maw, of the entrails of the fame ani- Vyver, a large bafin of water, at the bottom : the mal, cut small, with fuet and spices. Voorhout is the most celebrated part of the Hague, *HAGGISH, adj. [from bag.] Of the nature and confifts of the mall, and 3 roads for coaches on of a hag; deformed; horrid.each fide, planted with trees, refembling St James's park at London: the palace of Opdam, or Waffenaar, is built in a very elegant tafte: the prince and princess's grafts are fine ftreets: the Pleyn is a beautiful grove, laid out in feveral crofs walks, and furrounded with ftately houfes. The Jewish fynagogue and the ci-devant palaces of the Prince of Orange, and the hotel of Spain, the new Woorhout, the mausoleum of the baron of Opdam, and the hofpitals, are much admired. The environs are exceedingly pleasant. This town was taken poffeffion of by the French, under Gen. Pichegru, Jan. 23d, 1795. It is 12 miles NW. of Rotterdam, and 32 SW. of Amfterdam. Lon. 4. 23. E. Lat, 52. 4. N.

Suffolk first died, and York all baggled o'er, Comes to him where in gore he lay infteep'd. Shak, (2.) *To HAGGLE, V. n. To be tedious in a bargain; to be long in coming to the price, *HAGGLER. n. f. [from baggle.] 1. One that cuts, 2. One that is tardy in bargaining. HAGI, a kingdom of Africa, in the defert of Zanhaga, on the bank of the river St John.

HAGIAZ, a town of Arabia, in Hedsjas. HAGIOGRAPHA, [from ayos, holy, and yga, to write.] Those books of fcripture, called by the Jews Cetuvim. The name is very ancient. St Jerome makes mention of it. The Jews divide the facred writings into 3 claffes: 1. The law, or thes books of Mofes: 2. The Prophets, which they call Neviim› And the Getuvim, □ɔnɔ, called by the Greeks, &c. Hagiographa; comprebending the book of Pfalms, Proverbs, Job, Daniel, Ezra, Nehemiah, Chronicles, Canticles, Ruth, Lamentations, Ecclefiaftes, and Ether. Kimohi, Maimonides, and Elias Levita, call these books the Writings, by way of eminence, as being written by immediate infpiration of the Holy Spirit. HAGIOGRAPHER. n., l'ay and yeapa.] a holy writer. The Jews divide the Holy Scriptures of the Old Teftament into the law, the prophets, and bagiographers.

HAG'S HEAD, a cape of Ireland, on the W. coaft of Clare county, 17 miles W. of Corrofin, Lon. 9. 25. W. Lat. 52. 55. N.

HAG'S TOOTH, a mountain of Ireland, in Kerry, N. of Cahir. It has several lakes, and abounds with deer.

HAGUE, a town of Holland in the dep. of Delft; and late prov. of S. Holland. In Latin it is called HAGA COMITIS; in French, La Haye ; in Dutch, der Haag, or 'S. Graavenhage, i.e. the Earl's Grove, from the wood near which it is built, and in which the earls of Holland had a country house. It is one of the most confiderable towns in the republic, pleasantly fituated, and exceeding beautiful. It has a better air than the other cities, as it stands on a dry foil, fomewhat higher than the reft of the country. It is furrounded by a moat, over which there are many draw-bridges. Two hours are required to walk round it, and it contains about 40,000 or 50,000 fouls. It is a place of much splendor and bufinefs, and there are many fine streets and fquares in it. Before the revolution in 1795, it was the refidence of the Stadtholder and foreign ambaffadors. In the inner court all the high colleges and courts of jaf tice held their affemblies; there alfo the foot guards did duty, as the horse-guards in the outer, when the ftates were fitting. De Plaats is an open

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HAGUENAU, a town of France, in the dep. of the Lower Rhine, anciently an imperial town. It was taken by the French in 1673; the Imperialifts retook it in 1702; after which it was several times taken and retaken by both parties; but at last the French got poffeffion of it in 1706. It is divided by the Motter into two parts; and is feated in the Foreft of Haguenau, 15 miles N. of Strafburg, and 255 E. of Paris. Near it, the French in Dec. 1793, defeated the allied army, and took 500 prifoners with 16 pieces of cannon. It has about 3400 citizens. Lon. 7.53. E. Lat. 48. 49. N. HAGYMAS, a mountain of Hungary. *HAH. interje&. An expreffion of sudden effort.

Her coats tuck'd up, and all her motions just She stamps, and then cries hab! at ev'ry thrust. Dryden.

HAHN, Simon Frederick, a celebrated German hiftorian. At ten years of age he was not only far advanced in the Latin, but understood several living languages. At 14, he delivered a fpeech on the origin of the cloyster at Bergen, his birth-place, which was printed; and in 1708, he published a Continuation of Meibomius's Chronicle of Bergen. After having for feveral years given public lectures at Hall, he became, at the age of 24, profeffor of history at Helmftadt; and was at length counsellor, hiftoriographer, and librarian, to George I. He died in 1729, aged 37. Befides feveral other works, he wrote, 1. The Hiftory of the Empire, vol. I. 2. Collectio monumentorum veterum et recentium ineditorum, 2 vols. 8vo.

HAHRAS, a town of Egypt, 21 m. E. of Tineck. HAI, a town of China, in the prov. of Kiangnan. HAICHBACH, a town of Germany in Austria, 4 miles NNW. of Efferding.

HAIDECK, a town of Germany, in the circle and duchy of Bavaria, 20 miles S. of Nuremberg. HAIDING, a town of Auftria.

HAIDUCKS, a fierce and rapacious people of Maritime Auftria, in Dalmatia, who live among "the mountains, and refide in caverns and woods, Four of them, (fays Dr Oppenheim,) will attack and overcome 15 or 20 travellers.

HAIFAR, a town of Paleftine, at the foot of

Mount

Mount Carmel, on the S. fide of a bay, 5 miles SE. of Acre.

HAIGERLOCH, a town of Suabia, in the county of Hohenberg, 44 miles SE. of Strasburg. (1.) *HAIL. n. f. [hael, Sax.] Drops of rain frozen in their falling. Locke.

Thunder mix'd with hail,

Hail mix'd with fire, must rend th' Egyptian fky. Milton. (2.) HAIL, in natural history, a meteor generally defined frozen rain, but differing from it in that the hailftones are not formed of fingle pieces of ice, but of many little fpherules agglutinated together. Neither are these spherules all of the fame confiftence; fome being hard and folid like perfect ice; others foft, and moftly like fnow hardened by a fevere froft. Sometimes the hail ftone has a kind of core of this foft matter; but more frequently the core is folid and hard, while the outfide is formed of a fofter matter. Hail. ftones are of various figures; fome round, others pyramidal, crenated, angular, thin, and flat, and fome ftellated, with fix radii like the small crystals of fnow. Natural hiftorians record various inftances of furprifing fhowers of hail, in which the hailftones were of extraordinary magnitude. Mezeray, fpeaking of the war of Lewis XII. in Italy, in 1510, relates, that there was for fome time an horrible darkness, thicker than that of night; after which the clouds broke into thunder and lightning, and there fell a fhower of hailftones, or rather (as he calls them) pebble ftones, which deftroyed all the fish, birds, and beafts of the country. It was attended with a strong smell of ful phur; and the ftones were of a bluish colour, fome of them weighing roolb. Hift. de France, Tom. II. p. 339. At Lifle in Flanders, in 1686, hailftones fell of a very large fize; fome of which contained in the middle a dark brown matter, which, thrown on the fire, gave a very great report. Phil. Trans. N° 203. Dr Halley and others relate, that in Cheshire, Lancashire, &c. April 29, 1697, a thick black cloud, coming from Caernarvonshire, difpofed the vapours to congeal in fuch a manner, that for about the breadth of two miles, which was the limit of the cloud, in its progrefs for 60 miles, it did inconceivable damage; not only killing all forts of fowls and other fmall animals, but splitting trees, knocking down horses and men, and even ploughing up the earth; fo that the hailftones buried themselves under ground an inch or an inch and half deep. The hailftones, many of which weighed 5oz. and fome 4lb. being 5 or fix inches about, were of various figures fome round, others half round; fome smooth, others embosled and crenated: the icy fubftance of them was very tranfparent and hard, but there was a fnowy kernel in the middle of them. In Hertfordshire, May 4, 1697, after a fe vere storm of thunder and lightning, a shower of hail fucceeded, which far exceeded the former: fome perfons were killed by it, their bodies beat all black and blue; vaft oaks were split, and fields of rye cut down as with a scythe. The ftones meafured from 10 to 13 or 14 inches about. Their figures were various, fome oval, others picked, fome flat. Philof. Tranf. N° 229. Hail,

fo far as has been difcovered, never produces any beneficial effect. Rain and dew invigorate and give life to the whole vegetable tribe; froft, by expanding the water contained in the earth, pulverifes and renders the foil fertile; fnow covers and preferves the tender vegetables from being deftroyed by too fevere a froft. But hail does none of thefe. In winter, it lies not fufficiently clofe to cover vegetables from the nipping frofts; and in fpring and fummer it not only has a chilling and blafting effect, but often does great damage to the more tender plants by the weight of the ftones. In great hail ftorms the damage done in this manner is prodigious. Hail is one of the natural phenomena for which it is difficult to account in any fatisfactory manner. It is certain, that on the tops of mountains hailftones, as well as drops of rain, are very fmall, and continually increafe in bulk till they reach the lower grounds. It would feem, therefore, that during their pas fage through the air, they attract the congealed vapour, which increases them in fize. But here we are at a lofs how they come to be folid hard bodies, and not always foft, and compofed of many small stars like fnow. The flakes of fnow, no doubt, increase in fize as they defcend, as well as the drops of rain or hailftones; but why thould the one be in soft crystals, and the other in large hard lumps, feeing both are produced from congealed vapour? Some modern philofophers afcribe the formation of hail to electricity. Signior Beccaria fuppofes hail to be formed in the higher regions of the air, where the cold is intenfe, and where the electric matter is very copious. In these circumftances, a great number of particles of water are brought near together, where they are frozen, and in their defcent collect other particles, fo that the denfity of the substance of the hailftone grows lefs and lefs from the centre; this being formed first in the higher regions, and the furface being collected in the lower. Drops of rain and hail agree in this, that the more intenfe the electricity that forms them, the larger they are. Motion is known to promote freezing, and fo the rapid motion of the electrified clouds may produce that effect. A more intenfe electricity alfo, he thinks, unites the particles of hail more closely than the more moderate electricity does those of fnow. In like manner we fee thunder clouds more dense than those that merely bring rain; and the drops of rain are larger in proportion, though they fall not from fo great a height.

(3.) HAIL. interj. [hoel, health, Saxon; bail, therefore, is the fame as falve of the Latins, or yave of the Greeks, health be to you.] A term of falutation now ufed only in poetry; health be to you. It is ufed likewife to things inanimate.— Hail, bail brave friend!

Say to the king the knowledge of the broil. Shak.
Her fick head is bound about with clouds:
It does not look as it would have a hail,
Or health wish'd in it, as on other morns.
Ben Jonson.

The angel bail

Beftow'd, the holy falutation us'd

· Long after to bleft Mary, fecond Eve. Milton. Farewell, happy fields,

Where

Where joy for ever dwells! bail horrors! bail Infernal world! and thou profoundest hell Receive thy new poffeffor!

Milton. All bail, he cry'd, thy country's grace and love;

Once firft of men below, now first of birds above. Dryden. Hail to the fun! from whofe returning light The cheerful foldier's arms new luftre shine. Roque. (1.) * To HAIL. v. a. [from the noun.] To falute; to call to.-A galley drawing near unto the fhore, was hailed by a Turk, accompanied with a troop of horsemen. Knolles.

Thrice call upon my name, thrice beat your breaft,

And bail me thrice to everlasting reft. Dryden. (2.) * To Hail. v. n. To pour down hail.My people fhall dwell in a peaceable habitation when it fhall bail, coming down on the foreft. If. xxxii. 19.

HAILBRON, a ftrong town of Germany in Wirtemberg, famous for its baths; feated on the Neckar, 5 miles NE. of Stutgard. Lon. 9. 25. E. Lat. 49. 19. N.

HAILES, Lord. See DALRYMPLE, N° 2. HAILLAN, Bernard de Girard, lord of, a celebrated French hiftorian. After having made fome figure in the literary world, Charles IX. made him hiftoriographer of France, in 1571. His hiftory of France extends from Pharamond to the death of Charles VII. and is the first complete hiftory of that kingdom compofed in the French tongue. He was honoured by Henry III. with feveral marks of favour. He died at Paris in 1610.

HAILSHA M, or HALESHAM, a town of Suffex, 14 miles E. of Lewis, and 58 SSE. of London.

*HAILSHOT. n. f. [bail and shot.] Small shot scattered like hail.—The master of the artillery did vifit them sharply with murdering hailshot, from the pieces mounted towards the top of the hill. Hayward.

*HAILSTONE. 7. f. [bail and flone.] A particle or fingle ball of hail.

You are no furer, no, Than is the coal of fire upon the ice, Or bailftone in the fun. Shakespeare. Hard bailftones lie not thicker on the plain, Nor shaken oaks such show'rs of acorns rain.

Dryden. *HAILY. adj. [from bail.] Confifting of hail. From whofe dark womb a rattling tempeft

pours,

Which the cold North congeals to baily showers. Pope.

HAIMBURG. See HAINBURG, No 1. HAIMEN, a town of China, in Tche-Kiang. HAIMSUCKEN. See HAMESECKEN. HAIN, a town of S. Gotha, 5 miles WNW. of Gotha.

HAINA, a town of Heffe, 24 m. SW. of Caffel. HAINAN, one of the most confiderable islands of Afia, fubject to China, and belonging to the province of Quangton. It has on the N. the province of Quang-fi; on the S. the channel between the bank Paracel and the E. coaft of Cochin China; on the W. the fame kingdom and part of Tong

king; and on the E. the Chinese sea. Its extent from E. to W. is between 60 and 70 leagues, and from N. to S. 45; and about 480 miles in circumference. KIUN-TCHEOU-FOU is the capital. Two different kinds of mandarins command here, the literary and military. The greater part of the ifland is under the emperor of China; the rest is independent, and inhabited by a free people, who have never been fubdued. Compelled to abandon their plains and fields to the Chinese, they have retreated to the mountains in the centre of the ifland, where they are sheltered from their infults. They formerly had a free correspondence with the Chinese. Twice a year they expofed, in an ap pointed place, the gold which they dug from their mines, with their eagle wood and calamba, fo much efteemed by the Orientals. A deputy was fent to the frontiers, to examine the cloths and other commodities of the Chinese, whofe principal traders repaired to the place of exchange fixed on; and after the Chinese wares were delivered, they put into their hands with the greateft fidelity what they had agreed for. The Chinese governors made immenfe profits by this barter. The emperor Kang-hi, informed of the prodigious quantity of gold which paffed through the hands of the mandarins by this traffic, forbade his fubjects, under pain of death, to have any communication with these islanders: however, fome private emiffaries of the neighbouring governors ftill find means to have intercourfe with them. The natives are very deformed, small in ftature, and of a copper colour: both men and women wear their hair thruft through a ring on their forehead; and above they have a small ftraw-hat, from which hang two strings that are tied under the chin. Their drefs confifts of a piece of black or dark blue cotton cloth, which reaches from the girdle to their knees: the women have robes of the same stuff, and mark their faces from the eyes to the chin with blue ftripes made with indigo. Among their animals is a curious fpecies of large black apes, which have the shape and features of a man; they are faid to be very fond of women. There are alfo crows with a white ring round their necks; ftarlings which have a small crescent on their bills; black-birds of a deep blue colour, with yellow ears rising half an inch; and a multitude of other birds, remarkable for their colour or fong. Befides mines of gold and lapis lazuli, there are various kinds of curious and valuable wood. The predeceffor of the late emperor Kien-Long caufed fome of it to be transported to Peking, at an immenfe expense, to adorn an edifice which he intended for a maufoleum. The most valuable is called by the natives HOALI, and by the Europeans rofe or violet wood, from its fmell; it is very durable, and of a beauty which nothing can equal; it is therefore reserved for the ufe of the emperor. Hainan lies near San-cian, between 18° and 20° Lat. N.

(I.) HAINAULT, a province of the Netherlands, formerly divided between France and Auftria, but now wholly included in the French Empire. It was bounded on the S. by Champagne and Picardy; on the N. by Flanders; on the E. by the duchy of Brabant, the county of Namur, and the bishopric of Liege; and on the W. by Artois and Flanders. Its extent from N. to S. was

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