least one water-closet compartment shall be had without passing through a bed-room.

SEC. 25. Water-Closet Compartments and Bathrooms, Lighting and Ventilation of. In every dwelling hereafter erected every water-closet compartment and bathroom shall have at least one window opening directly upon the street, or upon a yard or court of the dimensions specified in this article; or if located immediately beneath a roof, a ventilating skylight, open to the sky with an opening not less than six square feet in area in each toilet, may be used in lieu of the windows required by this section. No such window shall be less in size than three square feet between stop beads, and the aggregate area of windows for each watercloset compartment shall be not less than six square feet between stop beads. Every such window shall be made so as to open in all its parts. Nothing in this section contained shall be construed so as to prohibit a general toilet room containing several water-closet compartments separated from each other by dwarf partitions: Provided, Such toilet room is adequately lighted and ventilated to the outer air as above provided, and that such water-closets are supplemental to the water-closet accommodations required by the provisions of section thirty-six. The above provision shall not apply to hotels that have a system of forced ventilation so constructed as entirely to change the air in every bath room, toilet room or water closet compartment every seven minutes.

SEC. 26. Public Halls. In every multiple dwelling hereaf ter erected every public hall shall have at each story at least one window opening directly upon the street or upon a yard or court of the dimensions specified in this article and located on the same lot. Any part of a public hall which is offset or recessed more than five feet or is shut off from any other part of said hall shall be deemed a separate hall within the meaning of this section, and shall be separately lighted and ventilated.

SEC. 27. Windows and Skylights for Public Halls. In multiple dwellings hereafter erected one at least of the windows provided to light each public hall or part thereof shall have at least twelve square feet of glazed area. In every multiple-dwelling hereafter erected there shall be in the roof directly over each stairwell, a skylight provided with ventilators having a minimum opening of forty square inches, or such skylight shall be provided with fixed or movable louvres.

SEC. 28. Windows for Stair Halls, Size of. In every multiple dwelling hereafter erected there shall be provided for each story at least one window to light and ventilate each stair hall which shall have at least ten square feet glazed area. A sash door opening to the outer air shall be deemed the equivalent of a window in this and the two foregoing

sections: Provided, That such door contains the amount of glazed surface prescribed for such windows.

SEC. 29. Outside Porches. In dwellings hereafter erected outside porches shall not be so located as to interfere with or diminish the light or ventilation required by this act. The term "outside porches" shall include outside platforms, balconies and stairways. All such outside porches shall be considered as part of the building, and not as part of the yards or courts or other unoccupied area.

Title II.-Sanitation.

SEC. 30. Cellar Rooms. In dwellings hereafter erected no room in the cellar shall be occupied for living purposes.

SEC. 31. Basement Rooms. In dwellings hereafter erected no room in the basement shall be occupied for living purposes, unless in addition to the other requirements of this act such room shall have sufficient light and ventilation, shall be well drained and dry and shall be fit for human habitation.

SEC. 32. Cellars, Water-proofing and Lighting. Every dwelling hereafter erected shall have a basement, cellar or excavated space under the entire entrance floor, at least three feet in depth, or shall be elevated above the ground so that there will be a clear air space of at least twentyfour inches between the top of the ground and the bottom of said floor so as to insure ventilation and protection from dampness. Such space shall in all cases be enclosed but provided with ample ventilation and properly drained. Every dwelling hereafter erected shall have all walls below the ground level and also the cellar or lowest floor dampproof and water-proof. When necessary to make such walls and floors damp-proof and water-proof, the damp-proofing and water-proofing shall run through the walls and up the same as high as the ground level and shall be continued throughout the floor, and the said cellar or lowest floor shall be properly constructed so as to prevent dampness or water from entering. All cellars and basements in dwellings hereafter erected shall be properly lighted and ventilated.

SEC. 33. Courts, Areas and Yards. In every dwelling hereafter erected all courts, areas and yards shall be properly graded and drained and when required by the health officer or such other appropriate public official as the mayor may designate, they shall be properly concreted in whole or in part as may be necessary.

SEC. 34. Water Supply. In every dwelling hereafter erected and not exempted in section seven of this act, there shall be a proper sink or washbowl with running water, exclusive of any risk in the cellar. In two family dwellings and in multiple-dwellings of class A there shall be such a sink or washbowl in each apartment, suite or group of rooms.

SEC. 35. Water-Closet Accommodations. In every dwelling hereafter erected there shall be a separate water-closet. Each such water-closet shall be placed in a compartment completely separated from every other water-closet; such compartment shall be not less than three feet wide, and shall be enclosed with partitions which shall extend to the ceiling. Every such compartment shall have a window opening directly upon the street or upon a yard or court of the minimum sizes prescribed by this act and located upon the same lot. Nothing in this section contained shall be construed so as to prohibit a general toilet room containing several watercloset compartments separated from each other by dwarf partitions, provided such toilet room is adequately lighted and ventilated to the outer air as above provided, and that such water-closets are supplemental to the water-closet accommodations required by other provisions of this section for the tenants of the said house. No drip trays shall be permitted on any water-closet. No water-closet fixture shall be encased with any woodwork. No water-closet shall be placed out of doors. No water-closet shall be placed in a cellar except with written permit from the health officer unless it is an extra water-closet in a private dwelling and is well lighted and ventilated by a window to the outer air. In two family dwellings and in multiple-dwellings of class A hereafter erected there shall be for each family a separate water-closet constructed and arranged as above provided and located within each apartment, suite or group of rooms. In multiple-dwellings of class B hereafter erected there shall be provided at least one water-closet for every fifteen occupants or fraction thereof. Every water-closet compartment hereafter placed in any dwelling shall be provided with proper means of lighting the same at night. In two family and multiple-dwellings the floor of every such watercloset compartment shall be made waterproof with asphalt, tile, stone, terrazzo or some other non-absorbent waterproof material; and such water-proofing shall extend at least six inches above the floor so that the said floor can be washed or flushed out without leaking.

SEC. 36. Sewer Connection. No multiple dwelling shall hereafter be erected on any street unless there is accessible city water and a public sewer, or a private sewer connected directly with a public sewer, and every such multiple dwelling shall have its plumbing system connected with the city water supply and with a public sewer before such multiple dwelling is occupied. No cesspool or vault or similar means of sewage disposal shall be used in connection with any dwelling where connection with a public sewer is practicable.

SEC. 37. Plumbing. In every dwelling hereafter erected no plumbing fixture shall be encased but the space underneath shall be left entirely open. Plumbing pipes shall be exposed, when so required by the health officer. All plumb

ing work shall be sanitary in every particular and, except as otherwise specified in this act shall be in accordance with the plumbing regulations of said city. All fixtures shall be trapped. Pan plunger and long hopper closets will not be permitted. Wooden sinks will not be permitted. In all multiple dwellings hereafter erected where plumbing or other pipes pass through floors or partitions, the openings around such pipes shall be sealed or made air-tight with incombustible materials, so as to prevent the passage of air or the spread of fire from one floor to another or from room to room.

Title III.-Fire Protection.

SEC. 38. Fireproof Dwelling, When Required. No dwelling shall hereafter be erected exceeding three stories in height, unless it shall be a fireproof dwelling; the building, however, may step up to follow the street grade, provided no part of it is over three stories in height.

SEC. 39. Means of Egress. Every multiple-dwelling hereafter erected exceeding one story in height shall have at least two independent ways of egress which shall extend from the ground floor to the roof, and shall be located remote from each other, and each shall be enclosed by walls or partitions as provided elsewhere in this act. One of such ways of egress shall be a flight of stairs constructed and arranged as provided in sections forty-two, forty-three, forty-four and forty-five of this act. In multiple-dwellings of class A the second way of egress shall be directly accessible to each apartment, group or suite of rooms without having to pass through the first way of egress. In multiple-dwellings of class B the second way of egress shall be directly accessible from a public hall. The second way of egress may be any one of the following, as the owner may select:

1. A system of outside balcony fire-escapes constructed and arranged as provided in section forty of this act.

2. An additional flight of stairs, either inside or outside, constructed and arranged as provided in sections forty-two, forty-three, forty-four and forty-five of this act.

3. A fire-tower located, constructed and arranged as may be required by the superintendent of buildings.

SEC. 40. Fire Escapes. All fire escapes hereafter erected on multiple-dwellings shall be located and constructed as in this section required. Such fire escapes shall be located at each story the floor of which is twelve or more feet above the ground. Access to fire escapes shall not be obstructed in any way. No fire escape shall be placed in an inner court. Fire escapes may project into the public highway to a distance not greater than four feet beyond the building line. All fire escapes shall consist of outside open iron, stone or concrete balconies and stairways. All balconies shall be not less than three feet in width. All stairways

shall be placed at an angle of not more than sixty degrees to the horizontal, with flat open steps not less than six inches in width and twenty-four inches in length and with a rise of not more than nine inches. The openings for stairways in all balconies shall be not less than twenty-four by twenty-eight inches, and shall have no covers of any kinds. The balcony on the top floor, except in the case of a balcony on the street or in the case of a peaked roof house, shall be provided with a stairs or with a goose-neck ladder leading from said balcony to and above the roof and properly fastened thereto. Stairs shall be provided from the lowest balcony to the ground. They may be pivoted and counterbalanced. All fire escapes shall be constructed and erected to safely sustain in all their parts a safe load, and if of iron shall receive not less than two coats of good paint, one in the shop and one after erection. In addition to the foregoing requirements, all fire escapes hereafter erected upon multiple dwellings shall be constructed in accordance with any additional requirements of other statutes or with such supplementary regulations as may be adopted by the superintendent of buildings.

SEC. 41. Roof Egress; Scuttles and Bulkheads. Every flatroofed multiple-dwelling hereafter erected exceeding twostories in height shall have in the roof a bulkhead or a scuttle not less than two feet by three feet in size. Such scuttle or bulkhead shall be fire-proof or covered with metal on the outside and shall be provided with stairs leading thereto and easily accessible to all occupants of the building. No scuttle or bulkhead shall be located in a closet or room, but shall be located in the ceiling of the public hall on the top floor, and access through the same shall be direct and uninterrupted.

SEC. 42. Stairs and Public Halls. Every multiple dwelling three stories or more in height hereafter erected shall have at least one flight of stairs extending from the entrance floor to the roof; and the stairs and public halls therein shall each be at least three feet wide in the clear. All stairs shall be constructed with a rise of not more than eight inches and with treads not less than ten inches wide and not less than three feet long in the clear. Winding stairs will not be permitted.

SEC. 43. Stair Halls. In multiple dwellings hereafter ereced which exceed three stories in height or which are occupied by more than two families on any floor above the second floor, the stair halls shall be constructed of fireproof material throughout. The risers, strings and balusters shall be of metal, concrete or stone. The treads shall be of metal, slate, concrete or stone, or of hard wood not less than two inches thick. Wooden hand rails to stairs will be permitted if constructed of hard wood. The floors of all such stair halls shall be constructed of iron, steel or concrete beams and fireproof filling, and no wooden flooring or sleepers shall be permitted. In multiple dwellings hereafter erected which exceed two