curricula of white schools, the moral needs of the Negro, raw material that he is, have been sadly neglected, his spiritual advancement definitely retarded.

This caustic criticism of Negro education appears only too well founded. In the first place three hundred years is far too short an interval for the overpowering of antisocial proclivities. Moral progress is exceedingly slow. Time, moreover, has to be allowed for the natural selection of the socially fit. In the second place criminal and sociological statistics support the contention that the lower instincts in the Negro still defy moral harnessing. In the third place, this criticism is but a sequel to that which Booker T. Washington several years ago directed against Negro education.

Material progress is not all-sufficient, as it is commonly believed in an economic age as ours. Primitive man, ages before Christ, put to himself the question, "What profiteth it a man if he gain the whole world and lose his soul?" The moral edification of a race is of equal importance with its material advancement. No substantial progress can be expected without the one supplementing the other.

Negro education is cryingly in need of a new dispensation. It needs awakening to the serious responsibility of morally redeeming the soul of black folk. This task involves on the one hand the emancipation of the race from sensuality and selfishness, on the other the cultivation of certain rare virtues of which the following tabulation proposes to be but partial:

1. Physical well-being. The physical health of the Negro must be safeguarded through hygienic and physical education for the individual whose body is sickly, nervous, improperly or under-nourished, can offer but feeble resistance to temptation. "The muscles are the organs of the will."

2. Simplicity in living. Luxurious living should be tabooed whether in eating, drinking, housing, or clothing. Sensuality and egotism often masquerade under the form of luxury. Live in proportion.

3. A reverence and belief in the reality of a higher power ever present to assist one in a righteous cause.

4. A fondness for literature, art, and music of a cultural trend. Let the mind be furnished with choice ideas of all times for therein is a solace truly more precious than fine gold.

5. Industry. Laziness and idleness should be discountenanced. No stigma should be attached to physical work.

6. A contempt for loud and indiscreet laughing and talking, for discourteous conduct and ostentation of every sort in public places such as in trains, restaurants, and theaters.

7. Thrift. There should be a correct regard for the value of money. Money is neither to be spent extravagantly nor to be hoarded.

8. Honesty or absolute trustworthiness in all relations with others.

9. Courteousness and friendliness to those below one, whether poorer or humbler. It is the earmark of a parvenu to be haughty in such relationships.

10. Respect for the hard-won sexual morality.

II. Race pride. There is necessary an enthusiastic acclaim of those members of the race who make genuine contributions to cultural progress. Loyal support should be given to efficient leaders; intolerance meted out to the inefficient.

12. Contempt for talking about personal affairs to others, for back-biting and for excessive chattering.

13. Punctuality.

The problem of how shall Negro education put over this great moral program naturally arises. In what specific ways should it proceed about the task? What are the methods?

Three ways appear open for Negro education to effect the moral elevation of the race. In the first place there is the purely practical way. It consists of a rigid insistence upon the formation of good habits. This duty devolves alike on parents and teachers. Mr. Cools has pointed

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THE Washington Program.-"Reorganization of Our Administrative Units," is the general topic selected by President Frank W. Ballou for consideration at the Fifty-sixth annual meeting of the Department of Superintendence at Washington, D. C., February 21-25, 1926. A general session will be devoted to each of the three principal divisions of public education, namely, the elementary school, the junior high school, and the senior high school.

The opening session Monday morning will be for the consideration of the kindergarten and grades one to six of the elementary school. Hon. John J. Tigert, United States Commissioner of Education, in the opening address, will discuss "The Educational Objectives of Elementary Education." Miss Mary McSkimmon, President of the National Education Association, and for many years principal of the splendid Pierce School in Brookline, Massachusetts, will have as her topic, "The Characteristics of the Efficient Elementary School Principal." A leading representative of kindergarten work will present that phase of the problem. The session will close with a discussion of "The Platoon School Organization," by two prominent members of the Department of Superintendence, one of whom will present its advantages, and the other its disadvantages.

The Wednesday morning program will deal with the junior high school. The topics selected include: "The Educational Objectives of the Junior High School"; "Articulation of Junior High School with Elementary School and Senior High School"; "Supervision of Classroom Teaching in the Junior High School"; "Provision for Individual

Differences of Pupils in Junior High Schools"; "Trends in Junior High School Curriculum Development."

The third of this series of professional discussions will furnish the program for Thursday afternoon, with such topics as "The Educational Objectives of the Senior High School"; "Can and Should the Professional Standards for Teachers in Senior High Schools be Raised above a Raised above a Bachelor's Degree?"; "The Senior High School Principal as a Supervisor of Classroom Teaching"; "Should all High School Graduates be Admitted to Colleges of All Types?"; and "What Training Helps Make a Good HighSchool Principal?"

The general meetings Monday evening, Thursday morning, and Thursday evening are to be addressed by speakers of national prominence who will deal with topics of immediate interest to superintendents of schools. Friends of rural education will be pleased to know that Hon. Frank O. Lowden of Illinois, has accepted a place on the program. Mr. Lowden has had many years of practical experience in meeting the problems of the farmers. He is, moreover, a student of agricultural conditions. His message will be of outstanding importance. Commander Donald B. MacMiilan, leader of the MacMillan Arctic Expedition under the auspices of the National Geographic Society in coöperation with the United States Navy, will tell the thrilling story of the latest attempt to pierce the mysteries of the North. He returned from his expedition late in October, with the distinction of bringing back safely every member of the crews of his two little vessels, the Bowdoin and the Peary. His address will be illustrated with

wonderful moving pictures of scenes and events around Etah, North Greenland, and other points in the Far North. It will be recalled that Commander MacMillan has been a member of other important polar expeditions, including the memorable trip of Admiral Peary. Three navy planes were stored during the voyage on the deck of one of the vessels. Some of the best pictures show the exploits of the navy airmen.

The Executive Session of the Department of Superintendence will be held Tuesday morning, and will be featured by sevenminute contributions as usual. These brief reports of actual achievements in the field told by superintendents of schools, have come to be one of the most helpful and popular features of the winter meeting. At this session will be held the annual business meeting, including the nomination of officers from the floor. The president, the second vice-president, and a member of the Executive Committee to serve for four years, are to be named. The election will be by ballot between the hours of II A. M. and 6 P. M. on Wednesday. Ballot boxes will be located at the registration desk on the lower floor of the Convention Auditorium, and at the office of the Executive Secretary. Active members of the Department of Superintendence have the right to vote and hold office. Each membership card has a detachable coupon to be presented to the Board of Tellers in exchange for the official ballot.

A half dozen or more topic groups are scheduled for Monday afternoon. The plan of conducting these smaller meetings for more intimate discussion of important topics was first put into effect at the Chicago meeting under the presidency of Payson Smith. It met with instant favor, and bids fair to be continued indefinitely. A group meeting to consider the relationship between the business and educational management of school systems will be one to attract unusual attention.

The opening feature of the Convention on Sunday afternoon, February 21, will be a patriotic pilgrimage to the tomb of the

Unknown Soldier in Arlington Cemetery, across the Potomac River on the beautiful Virginia hills. There could be no more fitting introduction to a great gathering of the nation's educators than this visit of respect to the spot where sleep thousands of those who gave all for the Nation. Near the tomb of the Unknown Soldier rest scores of former patriotic American leaders including the men of the Maine, which was lost in Havana Harbor, twenty-three hundred unknown dead of the Civil War, and many distinguished persons, including William Jennings Bryan, Admiral Peary, and Philip H. Sheridan. On the heights near by, is the Arlington Mansion, home of the famous Confederate general, Robert E. Lee. After depositing a wreath on the tomb of the Unknown Soldier, the party will return to Washington, where the usual impressive Vesper Service will be held.

Meetings of Allied Departments.-The National Society for the Study of Education at its opening meeting at the Washington Convention Auditorium on Saturday evening, February 20, will present and discuss a yearbook on "The Present Status of Safety Education." This book will be prepared partly under the auspices of the National Safety Council, which plans to have conferences on this subject Saturday morning and afternoon, in the building of the United States Chamber of Commerce. Thus, an admirable attraction is offered those who arrive early. On Tuesday evening, this Society will present a yearbook prepared by a committee headed by Professor L. V. Koos, University of Minnesota, and entitled, "Extra-Curricular Activities." As an additional matter of interest it may be well to record that this meeting represents the twenty-fifth anniversary of the National Society. It is hoped to celebrate this occasion by a preliminary half-hour program, at which the four honorary members of the Society will appear in a series of brief addresses. These members are: Charles De Garmo, John Dewey, Paul H. Hanus, and J. H. Van Sickle.