Pre-adamite kings. Seventy-two kings or sultans, each said to govern a distinct species of rational beings before the existence of Adam. Preston. 1-(54)-Prestonpans, a small town in Haddingtonshire, Scotland, the scene of a Jacobite victory over the English in 1745. 2-(1120) -A city in Lancashire, England, noted as an industrial center.

Preston Mill. (475)-A rustic village in Dumfriesshire, Scotland.

Priam. Legendary King of Troy, a city of Asia

Minor.

Priapus. The god of fruitfulness and procreative
power, of horticulture and vine-growing.
Prince Eugene. See Eugene.

Prior. Matthew Prior (1664-1721), an English dip-
lomat, and lyric and humorous poet.
Priuli. A character in Venice Preserved, a tragedy by
Thomas Otway (1651-85).

Proclus (412-485). A Greek philosopher and religious commentator.

Promethean. Of or pertaining to Prometheus. Prometheus. In Greek mythology, regarded as the founder of civilization, and the benefactor of mankind. For an act of deception by Prometheus, Zeus denied mankind the use of fire; but Prometheus stole fire from heaven and carried it to earth in a hollow tube. For this act he was chained, by order of Zeus, on Mt. Caucasus, where a vulture fed daily upon his liver, which grew again at night. The vulture was finally slain by Hercules, and Prometheus released. Propontic.

The present Sea of Marmora, between European and Asiatic Turkey. It is not subject to tides. Proserpina; Proserpine. The wife of Pluto, and queen of the lower regions. While gathering flowers in the Valley of Enna, Sicily, she was carried off by Pluto. Zeus allowed her to spend half of her time on earth with her mother, Ceres. Prospero. In Shakspere's The Tempest, the banished Duke of Milan. He is shipwrecked on an island, where he works enchantments, and after sixteen years of exile raises a storm to shipwreck the usurper of his rightful title. Protagoras (5th century B. C.). A famous Greek philosopher,

Protean. Pertaining to or characteristic of Proteus. Proteus. A sea god in the service of Neptune, god of the sea. Proteus had the power of assuming different shapes.

Prowse, Captain. William Prowse (1752 ? -1826). A famous English naval commander and rearadmiral.

Pryocles. A character in Sir Philip Sidney's pastoral romance Arcadia (1590). Psellus, Michael. Michael Constantinus Psellus

(11th century). A celebrated Greek writer and scholar. He was born in Constantinople. Psyche. In classical mythology, the name given to a personified soul. She was beloved by Eros, god of love. She is represented in art as a maiden with the wings of a butterfly.

Ptolemean. Of Ptolemy (2nd century A. D.), a celebrated Egyptian astronomer and mathematician.

Pulci. Luigi Pulci (1432-87), an Italian romantic

poet.

Pultowa. See Poltava,

Punic War, Second (218-201 B. C.). A war waged

between Carthage and Rome. By the peace Carthage was forced to cede her possessions in Spain and the Mediterranean, and to pay a heavy tribute.

Pye. Henry James Pye (1745-1813). A minor English poet.

Pygmalion. In Greek legend, a sculptor, King of
Cyprus, who fell in love with a statue he had
carved and which came to life.
Pyrenees. A mountain range between Spain and
France.

Pyrrhic. Pertaining to Pyrrhus (318 ?-272 B. C.),
King of Epirus, Greece.

Pyrrho (360-270 B. C.). A Greek skeptic and philosopher.

Pythagorean. Referring to Pythagoras (6th century B. C.), a Greek philosopher of Samos, an island west of Asia Minor.

Pythian. Referring to Python. Python. In classical mythology, a sooth-saying spirit or demon. The serpent Python delivered oracles at Delphi before the coming of Apollo, who slew it.

Quarles. John Quarles (1624-65), a minor English poet. Quarterly; Quarterly Review, The. A periodical started in 1809 in opposition to The Edinburgh Review, the organ of the Whig party. William Gifford was the first editor.

Quatre-Bras. A place in Belgium, near Brussels. It was the scene of a battle between the French under Ney and the Allies under Wellington, in 1815; Ney was forced to retreat.

Queen Bess. See Bess.

Queen of Numbers. The goddess of poetry. Queen of Scots. Mary Stuart (1542-87), who was beheaded by Queen Elizabeth. Quixotic. Resembling Don Quixote, an adventurous knight, the hero of Don Quixote, a Spanish romance by Cervantes (1547-1616).

Racer Jess. Janet Gibson, the half-witted daughter of Mrs. Gibson or "Poosie Nansie"; being fleet of foot, she often ran errands. Rachel. In the Old Testament, the wife of Jacob. Radcleves. Same as Radcliffe. Radcliffe. Mrs. Anne Radcliffe (1764-1823), a popular English romantic novelist. Radical. A member of a political party holding the most progressive views; opposed to Conservative. Ragusan. Of Ragusa, a seaport of Dalmatia, Austria-Hungary, situated on the Adriatic. Rajah. A Hindu prince in a tribal state in India. Ralph. James Ralph, a minor English poet of the eighteenth century.

Rama. A place near ancient Bethlehem, Judea. Ramsay. Allan Ramsay (1685-1758), a Scottish poet. See p. 7. Randall's, Jack. A tavern, known as "The Hole in the Wall," in Chancery Lane, London, kept by Jack Randall, a noted pugilist.

Raphael (1483-1520). A noted Italian painter. Rapp, General. Count Jean Rapp (1772-1821), a noted French general who accompanied Napoleon on the march to Moscow.

Ratcliffe Highway. A public thoroughfare in a disreputable quarter of eastern or nautical London. Ravenna. A city and province of Italy. Ravensheuch, Castle. A large castle on the Firth of Forth, Fifeshire, Scotland. It was given to William St. Clair by James III in 1471. Reading. A city in Berkshire, England. Rebecca; Rebekah. The wife of the patriarch Isaac, and mother of Jacob and Esau. Red Cross Knight. A character in Spenser's The Faerie Queene (Bk. I), who personifies St. George, patron saint of England, and typifies Christian holiness.

Red Rowan. "Red Rowy Forster," one of the rescuers of Kinmont Willie. He lived about 1550. Red Sea. An inland sea between Egypt and Arabia, Joined to the Mediterranean by the Suez Canal Redi. Francesco Redi (1626-95), an Italian poet. Landor uses the name (970) for himself. Reform Bill. An electoral reform bill passed by the British Parliament in 1832 for the correction and extension of the suffrage.

Reign of Terror, The. In French history that period of the first revolution (1793-94) when the faction in power recklessly executed persons obnoxious to their measures.

Religio Medici. A religious treatise by Sir Thomas Browne (1605-82), an English physician and author.

Rembrandt (1606-69). A celebrated Dutch painter.
Reni, Guido (1575-1642). An Italian painter.
Rere-cross. A fragment of an old cross on the sum-

mit of Stanmore, a ridge which divides the mountains of the counties of Cumberland and Westmoreland. England. The cross was originally intended as a landmark. Reynolds, J. H. See note on Keats's Letters, p. 1293b. Reynolds. Sir Joshua Reynolds (1723-92). An English portrait-painter.

Rhadamanthus. A son of Zeus, and a judge in Hades.

Rhætian. Of or pertaining to ancient Rhætia, a
province of the Roman Empire.
Rhea. See Ops.

Rhine. The chief river of Germany.
Rhodes. An island in the Egean Sea, southwest of
Asia Minor.

Rhone. A river in Switzerland and France.
Rhymes on Blenheim. The Battle of Blenheim. See
p. 400.

Rialto. A bridge over the Grand Canal, in Venice, Italy. Byron uses the word (542) figuratively for Venetian commerce.

Salisbury. A town in Wiltshire, England.
Salisbury Plain. A region in Wiltshire, England.
It contains Stonehenge, a famous prehistoric
ruin.

Salt, Samuel (d. 1792). A friend of the Lambs. He
was instrumental in getting Charles Lamb into
Christ's Hospital and into the East India House.
He gave Charles and Mary Lamb the freedom of
his library.
Samarah. In his notes on Vathek, Henley says that
Samarah is a city of Babylonia, supposed to
have stood on the site where Nimrod erected his
tower.
Samarcand. A city of Turkestan. It is noted for
its silver and gold wares, leather goods, silks,
wine, and pottery.

Samian. Of or relating to the Island of Samos. Samos. An Island in the Egean Sea, west of Asia Minor.

The

Samson Agonistes. A drama by Milton. Samuel. A Hebrew judge and prophet. San Benito. The yellow garment worn by persons condemned by the Spanish Inquisition. name is derived from the robes worn by members of the order of St. Benedict, founded about 529.

Sancho. The ignorant but clever squire in the Spanish romance Don Quixote by Cervantes (15471616). Sandham. 1-A town on the Isle of Wight, south of England. 2-(942)-An imaginary residence. Sangrida. One of the Fatal Sisters. Sappho (7th century B. C.).

A Greek lyric poetess of Lesbos; she was known as the Tenth Muse. Saracen. In general, a Mohammedan or other enemy of medieval Christians.

Sarmatia. The ancient name of Poland.
Saturn. A Roman deity, supposed to have ruled in
the golden age. He was identified with the
Greek Cronus, father and predecessor of Zeus.
Saturnalia. In Roman antiquity, the annual festival

of Saturn held at Rome in mid-December, a
form of harvest-home, an occasion of riotous
indulgence.

Saturnian. Pertaining to the god Saturn; hence, characterized by simplicity, virtue, and happi

ness.

Saturnus. Same as Saturn. Satyrs. In Greek mythology, woodland deities in the train of Dionysus, god of wine; they are depicted as shy creatures with goat-like ears, tail, and horns, and delighting in music and revelry.

Saul. First king of the Hebrews (1055-1033 B. C.). Savoy. A former duchy, now divided into the departments of Savoie and Haute-Savoie in France.

Sawbridge. John Sawbridge (1732-95), Lord Mayor of London in 1775.

Saxon. The people that formerly dwelt in the northern part of Germany, and invaded England in the 5th and 6th centuries; hence, the Englishspeaking peoples. Scamander. The ancient name of a river in Mysia, Asia Minor; the Mæander, now known as the Mendere. The river is mentioned by Homer in the Iliad (Bk. 21).

Scarlet. Will Scarlet,

Robin Hood.

one of the companions of

Schelling. F. W. Schelling (1775-1854), an eminent German philosopher.

Schiller. Johann C. F. Schiller (1759-1805), a famous German poet and dramatist. Scio (Chios). An island in the Egean Sea, west of Asia Minor, formerly celebrated for its wines and figs. Scipio. 1-(27)-Publius Scipio Africanus Major (c234-183 B. C.), a famous Roman general, who, after a life of warfare, retired in 185 B. C. to his native seat near Cumæa, a city in Campania, Italy. 2-(990)-Publius Scipio Africanus Minor (c185-129 B. C.), a famous Roman general who captured Carthage in 146 and Numantia, Spain, in 133.

Scipios' Tomb. A group of ancient Roman tombs situated on the Appian Way, near Rome. Scone. A village in Perthshire, Scotland; the coronation place of Scottish kings from 1153 to 1488. Scotia. Scotland.

Scott. 1 (313, etc.)-Sir Walter Scott (1771-1832),

a famous Scottish poet and novelist. See p. 433. 2-(864)—John Scott (1751-1838), an English jurist. Lord Chancellor of England, 1801-06, and 1807-27.

Scroggins. Jack Scroggins, a well-known prizefighter.

Scroope, Lord. Warder of the West-Marches of England, late in the 16th century.

Scylla. The monster inhabiting Scylla, a rock on the coast of Italy opposite Sicily. She was beloved by Glaucus, and from jealousy was changed by Circe into a monster surrounded with barking dogs.

Scythia. In ancient times, the whole north and northeast of Europe and Asia, called such by the Greeks.

Scythian. The Scythians were a nomadic people of Europe and Asia, expert in horsemanship and archery. They often made raids upon neighboring peoples.

Seasons, The. A poem by James Thomson, an English poet of the 18th century. See p. 18. Seeva (Siva). The usual name of one of the gods of the Hindu triad. He represented the destructive power of nature.

Seine. A river of France which empties into the English channel.

Selkirk. The capital of Selkirkshire, Scotland. Sennacherib. King of Assyria (705-681 B. C.), well known in Biblical history. He was engaged in

numerous wars.

Seraphim. One of the highest orders of angels, excelling in wisdom and in zeal in the service of God.

Sesostris. A legendary king of Egypt, said to have conquered the world.

Sestos. A ruined town in European Turkey on the Dardanelles.

Seven Dials. A locality in London, notorious for its poverty and crime. It took its name from a column which stood at the junction of seven streets and which bore a sundial facing each street.

Seven Sleepers. Seven Christian youths, said to have hidden in a cave near Ephesus, Asia Minor, during the persecution under Decius (249-51 A. D.), and to have fallen asleep, not awaking till two or three hundred years later, when Christianity had become established. Severn. A river in southwestern England. Seville. A city in southwestern Spain. Seynete Powle. (129)-St. Paul's Cathedral, London. Sforza, Ludovico (1451-1510). Duke of Milan, Italy. Shacklewell. Formerly a suburb of London, now an outlying district of the city itself. Shadwell, Thomas Shadwell (1640-92), a Restoration dramatist, satirized by Dryden in Mac Flecknoe and in Absalom and Achitophel. Shaldon. A village on the River Teign, across from Teignmouth, Devonshire, England. Shanklin. A seaside resort on the coast of the Isle of Wight, south of England.

Sheeraz (Shiraz). A city in Persia. Sheffield. 1-(491)-John Sheffield (1648-1721), Duke of Buckingham, an English statesman and author. 2-(1166)-A manufacturing town in Yorkshire, England, famous for its works in steel and cutlery.

Shelburne. William Petty (1737-1805), Earl of Shelburne, an English statesman.

Shem. The son of Noah, and reputed ancestor of the Hebrew, Arabic, and other Semitic races. See Genesis 9: 27.

Shenstone. William Shenstone (1714-63), an English poet. See p. 40.

Sheridan. Richard Brinsley Sheridan (1751-1816), a noted Irish dramatist, orator, and politician. Sherwood. A forest in Nottinghamshire, England, the principal scene of the legendary exploits of Robin Hood.

Shrewsbury. A town in Shropshire, England. Shropshire. An inland county of England, bordering on Wales; sometimes called Salop, from the Latin name Salopia.

Shylock. The Jew in Shakspere's The Merchant of Venice.

Siam. A kingdom in southeastern Asia. Siberia. A country of Asiatic Russia; it is noted for its mines.

Sibir. Siberia.

Sibyl. In ancient mythology, one of several women reputed to possess powers of prophecy or divination. They spoke their utterances in a frenzied state. Sicily. An island in the Mediterranean, belonging to Italy; situated southwest of the mainland. Siddons, Mrs. Sarah Kemble Siddons (1755-1831), a noted English actress.

Sidmouth. Henry Addington (1757-1844). Viscount Sidmouth, an English politician noted for his repressive measures.

Siege of Corinth, The. A narrative poem by Lord
Byron, published in 1816.
Sienna (Siena). A city and province in central
Italy, notel for its works of art.
Sigæum. In ancient geography, a promontory and
town in Asia Minor, at the entrance to the
Hellespont. It was the legendary station of the
Greek fleet in the Trojan War.
Sigtrygg (Sictrig). See Gray's Preface to The Fatal
Sisters, p. 1266a.

Sileni. Woodland nymphs, companions of Bacchus, god of wine. See Silenus.

Silenus. The eldest of the Satyrs, sometimes regarded as the son of Hermes, or of Pan. He was the fosterer and later the companion of Bacchus. He was represented as a jovial old man, corpulent, bald, and commonly tipsy. He carried a wine bag in his hand and rode on an ass. He was fond of sleep, music, and dancing. He is sometimes said to be the inventor of Pan's pipes. See Pan.

Silius Italicus (d. 100 A. D.). A Roman poet, imitator of Virgil; the author of Punica, a dull poem giving an account of the Second Punic War.

Simois. A small river in Asia Minor. Simoom. A hot dry wind of the desert. Sinbad. Sindbad, a character in the Arabian Nights Entertainments. He was once shipwrecked on an island where the Old Man of the Sea, a monster, got on his back and would not dismount until finally Shadbad succeeded in killing him. Sion (Zion). A h on which was situated the old city of Jerusalem.

Sir Charles Grandison. A novel written by Samuel Richardson (1689-1761).

Siren. One of the sea nymphs said to inhabit an island near Italy, and by their singing to lure mariners to destruction. Sistine Chapel. The Sistine, or Sixtine, Chapel is the papal private chapel built by Pope Sixtus IV in 1473. Its walls and ceilings are covered with magnificent paintings, of which the most famous are those by Michelangelo, of the Creation, the Deluge and the Judgment. Sisyphus. A legendary character condemned in the lower world to rll up a hill, without ceasing, a huge stone which when he reached the top always rolled back to the valley. Skiddaw. A mountän in Cumberlandshire, England.

Sky (e). A rocky, muntainous island off the western coast of Scotand; the largest of the Inner Hebrides. Slough. A town in th county of Buckingham, England.

Smith, Adam (1723-90. A celebrated Scottish political economist.

Smithfield. A localityin London near St. Paul's; it was formerly usedas a recreation yard. Smug Sidney. The R. Sidney Smith (1771-1845), a Canon of St. Pail's, one of the founders and editors of The Edinurgh Review.

Snowdon. The highest mountain in Wales. Snowdoun, Knight of. James V of Scotland, who chose this name to lisguise his identity. Snowdoun refers to Stiring Castle, one of the Scottish royal palaces.

Soare. A river in Leicstershire, England.
Society of the Middle Tmple. See Temple.
Socrates (5th century EC.).

losopher.

Soho Square.

A famous Greek phiA square in London, south of Oxford

Street. Sol. The sun. Solomon. A king of Irael famous for his great wisdom.

Solway. The Solway Frth. a large inlet of the Irish Sea, partly seprating England and Scotland.

Somersetshire. A county in southwestern England. Sophia. The capital of Bulgaria, formerly a portion of the Turkish Hingdom. Sophocles (5th century EC.). One of the greatest tragic poets of Greec

Sorento; Sorrento. A town on the west coast of Italy, across the bay rom Naples.

Sotheby.

William Sotheby (1757-1833), an English scholar and poet.

Soult. Nicolas Jean de Dieu Soult (1769-1851), a French marshal. He was engaged in many important battles, and was ambassador at the coronation of Queen Victoria in 1838.

South. Robert South (1634-1716), a celebrated English divine.

South-Sea House. See note on The South-Sea House, p. 1297b.

Spartan. Pertaining to Sparta, capital of Laconia in ancient Greece; hence, resembling the Spartans in discipline or courage.

Spectator. An 18th century periodical published by Addison, Steele, and others.

Spey. A river in northern Scotland. Sphinx. In Greek mythology, a winged monster represented with a woman's head and a lion's body; she sat on a high rock by the roadside in Thebes, Boeotia, and killed all passers-by who could not guess a riddle which she proposed. When Edipus finally guessed the riddle e cast herself down from the rock and was kid. Spinoza. Baruch de Spinoza (1632-77), a famous Dutch Jewish pantheistic philosopher. Sporus. The name under which Lord John Hervey (1696-1743), an English writer and politician, was satirized by Pope in his Epistle to Dr. Arbuth not, 305 ff. Stamboul. Constantinople. Staneshaw-bank. A place on the River Eden, in Cumberlandshire, England, near the Scottish

See p. 1186b, n. 5.

border. Stanhope, Lord. Stanmore. A ridge which divides the mountains of the counties of Westmoreland and Cumberland, England. Statius. Publius Papinius Statius (60-100), a Roman poet. Staubach. A famous waterfall in the canton of Berne, Switzerland.

Steele. Sir Richard Steele (1672-1729), an English
essayist, contributor to The Spectator.
Sterne. Laurence Sterne (1713-68), an English nov-
elist and humorist, author of Tristram Shandy.
Sternhold. Thomas Sternhold (d. 1549), an English
writer.
Stevenson, George. An 18th century English pugi-
list. He fought with Jack Broughton in 1771.
Stewart, Mr. Dugald Stewart (1753-1828), an emi-
nent Scottish philosopher.
Stirling. A city and county in Scotland, noted for
its picturesque buildings,
Stobs, Laird of. Sir Gilbert Elliot, a Scottish Bor-
der-Warrior of the 16th century. He lived near
Hawick, Roxburghshire, Scotland.

Stonehenge. A famous prehistoric stone ruin in
Salisbury Plain, Wiltshire, England.
Stothard. Thomas Stothard (1755-1834), an English
painter and illustrator.

Stott. Robert Stott, a minor English poet of the
early 19th century. He contributed articles to
The Morning Post, under the name of "Hafiz.'
Stow. Stowe, a village in Buckinghamshire, Eng-
land, noted for its castle and park.
Stowey. Nether Stowey, a village in Somersetshire,
Strabo (c63 B. C.-24 A. D.). A Greek geographer
and historian.

England.

Strand. A long prominent London street running parallel with the Thames.

Strangford, Hibernian. P. C. Smythe (1780-1855), Viscount Strangford, an Irish diplomat, and translator of poems of Camoens, a noted 16th century Portuguese poet. In a note on one of the love songs, Strangford said that "eyes of blue have been ever dear to the sons of song.' Stygian. Pertaining or belonging to the River Styx, or to the infernal regions in general. Styx.

A fabulous river in Hades, over which all .newcomers were ferried by Charon. Before it the most solemn oaths were sworn. Violation of such oaths was punished by deprivation of nectar and ambrosia, and by loss of all heavenly privileges for ten years.

Suckling, Captain. Sir John Suckling (1609-42), an English poet and soldier.

Suetonius. Caius Tranquillus Suetonius (c70-140), a Roman historian.

Suli.

A mountainous district in Albania, European
Turkey.

Sultan. A Mohammedan sovereign ruler.
Sunium.

In ancient geography, the promontory at the southeastern extremity of Attica, Greece, now known as Cape Colonna,

Surrender of Calais. A comedy by George Colman,

the Younger (1762-1836). Surrey; Surry. A county in southeastern England. Susa. An ancient city in Asia Minor. Sussex. A county in southeastern England. Swift. Jonathan Swift (1667-1745), a

celebrated

English satirist and man of letters. Sybilline Leaves. A collection of poems by Coleridge, published in 1817.

Sydney. Algernon Sydney (1622-83), an eminent English Republican patriot.

Sylvans. Fabled spirits or deities of the wood. Symplegades. Two island rocks on the Strait of Constantinople (or Bosphorus), a narrow passage which separates Europe from Asia. Syracuse. A province in the southeastern part of Sicily. It was conquered by Marcellus in 212 B. C.

Syriac. The language of Syria, a country in Asiatic Turkey.

Syrian. Pertaining to Syria, a country in Asiatic

Turkey.

Sinx. In Greek mythology, a nymph who was pursued by Pan and who was changed into a reed, out of which Pan then constructed his musical pipe. See Pan.

Tacitus. Cornelius Tacitus (55-117?), a celebrated Roman historian and legal orator. Talavera. A town in the province of Toledo, Spain. Near it in 1809, the allied English and Spanish army under Wellington and Cuesta defeated the French under King Joseph. Taliessin. Taliesin, a Cymric or Welsh bard said to have lived in the 6th century. Talleyrand. Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord (1754-1838), a famous French statesman and diplomatist. Talymalpa. A small bay on the northeast coast of Anglesea, an island of Wales in the Irish Sea. Tamar. 1-(960, 1083)-The brother of Gebir. 2(1150)-A river on the border of Cornwall and Devonshire, England.

Tame, Thomas. A deputy-cashier in the South-Sea House in 1793.

Tamerlane (1336-1405). A Tartar

India and Asia.

conqueror

of

Tanagra. In ancient geography, a town in Boeotia, Greece.

Tancred. One of the chief heroes of the First Cru

sade, 1096-99. His virtues are celebrated in Tasso's Jerusalem Delivered.

Tantalus. A mythological king, punished for betraying the secrets of the gods, by being placed in the midst of a lake the waters of which reached to his chin but which receded whenever he attempted to drink.

Tara. A place in the county of Meath, Ireland. It was famous in the early history of Ireland as a royal residence.

Tarbat (Tarbet). The name of a village and a narrow neck of land between Loch Lomond and Loch Long, forming the northern end of the county of Dumbarton, Scotland. Tarbat is Gaelic for isthmus.

Tartar. The Tartars were mixed tribes, Mongolian or Turkish, inhabiting Russia and Central and Eastern Asia. They were warlike tribes, noted for their skill in archery. Tartarian. Of or pertaining to the Tartars or Tar

tary, a name formerly applied to the middle portion of the Eurasiatic continent. Tartarly. In the manner of a Tartar,-i.e., savagely.

Tartarus. The lowest portion of hell, the place of punishment for the spirits of the wicked. Tartary. A name formerly applied to the middle portion of the Eurasiatic continent. Its people were warlike tribes.

Tasso. Torquato Tasso (1544-95), a celebrated Italian epic poet.

Tate. Nahum Tate (1652-1715), an English poet and dramatist.

Taunton. A town in Somersetshire, England. Tay. The longest river of Scotland; it empties into the North Sea.

Taylor, Bishop. Jeremy Taylor (1613-67), an Eng

lish bishop and theological writer, author of Holy Living (1650), Holy Dying (1651), and other

works. Teesdale. The valley of the River Tees in northern England; it flows into the North Sea. Teignmouth. A bathing resort in Devonshire, England.

Teith. A small river chiefly in Perthshire, Scotland.

Telemachus. In Greek legend, the son of Odysseus and Penelope. He slew the suitors of Penelope while his father was away from home. Tell, William. One of the legendary heroes of Switzerland in the struggle for independence. The story is that Tell, having refused to salute the cap which the Austrian governor had placed in the market place for that purpose was ordered to shoot an apple from his little son's head. He did so successfully. Tellus. A Roman goddess, the personification of the Tempe. A valley in eastern Thessaly, Greece. It has been celebrated from ancient times for its beauty.

earth.

Temple. Originally, a lodge of the medieval religlous Order of Knights Templars. After this Order was abolished in 1312, the property passed to the crown and thence to the religious military Order of Knights Hospitalers, who in 1346 leased part of it to the students of law. On its site now stand two Inns of Court, known as the Inner and the Middle Temple. These are occupied by barristers, and are owned by the Societies of the Inner and Middle Temple, which have the right to admit students to the bar. The Inner Temple is so called because it is within the old City of London; the Middle Temple was between the Inner and the Outer Temples. The Outer Temple became a part of the Exeter Buildings, used for religious, charitable, and other assemblies.

Teneriff. The largest of the Canary Islands, in the Atlantic Ocean, northwest of Africa, Tenos. An island of the Cyclades in the Ægean Sea, southeast of Greece. Terence. Publius Terentius Afer (c185-159 B. C.), a noted Roman writer of comedies. Termagaunt. A name given in medieval romances to the god of the Saracens. Tethys. A sea-goddess, the wife of Oceanus. Teviot. A river in Roxburghshire, Scotland. Teviotdale. Roxburghshire, Scotland, so called from the River Teviot, which flows through it. Tewkesbury, A town in Gloucestershire, England. Thalaba. The hero of Thalaba, an Oriental epic by Robert Southey (1744-1843).

Thalia. One of the Muses; she inspired gaiety, and favored rural pursuits and pleasures. Thamondocana. A town of Africa near the border of the Sahara Desert.

Thebes. 1-(397, 667, 739)-The chief city of Bootia, Greece. 2-(636)-The ancient capital of Upper Egypt.

Themis. The personification of divine justice; represented as the wife or companion of Zeus. In art Themis is represented as carrying scales in one hand and a horn of plenty in the other. Theocritus (3rd century B. CJ. A famous Greek idyllic poet.

Thermodon. A river, now The meh, in Pontus, Asia Minor, the reputed home of Hippolyta. Thermopylæ. A pass in northern Greece, famous for the valiant stand made there in 480 B. C. by Leonidas and his band of Spartans against the Persian host of Xerxes.

Theseids. The Theseid is a tragedy on the subject of Theseus, of which Codrus is the alleged author. Theseus. A legendary hero of Attica, Greece. In his exploit against the Amazons, he carried off their queen.

Thespis (6th century B. C.). An Attic poet, the reputed founder of tragedy. Thessalian. Of or pertaining to Thessaly. Thessaly. A province in northern Greece. Thetis. The chief of the Nereids; the mother of Achilles, whom she dipped in the River Styx, thus making him invunerable except in the heel, by which she held him. The story of the marriage of Thetis and Peleus, King of Thessaly, Greece, was a favorite subject in early painting, especially on vases.

Thomas, Holy. St. Thomas Aquinas (1225-74), a noted Italian divine. Thomson. James Thomson

poet. See p. 18.

(1700-48), a British

Thone, Wife of. Polydanna, daughter of Zeus. See the Odyssey, 4, 220 f. Thor. In Scandinavian mythology, the god of thunder; always represented as carrying a hammer. Thorn, The. A poem by Wordsworth. See p. 225. Thrace. In ancient times a name applied by the Greeks to the regions northeast of Macedonia, and later to the greater part of the eastern half of the Balkan Peninsula,