Cryocoolers 13, Volume 13Ronald G. Ross Springer Science & Business Media, 28 de fev. de 2005 - 726 páginas The last two years have witnessed a continuation in the breakthrough shift toward pulse tube cryocoolers for long-life, high-reliability cryocooler applications. New this year are papers de scribing the development of very large pulse tube cryocoolers to provide up to 1500 watts of cooling for industrial applications such as cooling the superconducting magnets of Mag-lev trains, coolmg superconducting cables for the power mdustry, and liquefymg natural gas. Pulse tube coolers can be driven by several competing compressor technologies. One class of pulse tube coolers is referred to as "Stirling type" because they are based on the linear Oxford Stirling-cooler type compressor; these generally provide coolmg m the 30 to 100 K temperature range and operate ^t frequencies from 30 to 60 Hz. A second type of pulse tube cooler is the so-called "Gifford-McMahon type. " Pulse tube coolers of this type use a G-M type compressor and lower frequency operation (~1 Hz) to achieve temperatures in the 2 to 10 K temperature range. The third type of pulse tube cooler is driven by a thermoacoustic oscillator, a heat engine that functions well in remote environments where electricity is not readily available. All three types are described, and in total, nearly half of this proceedings covers new developments in the pulse tube arena. Complementing the work on low-temperature pulse tube and Gifford-McMahon cryocoolers is substantial continued progress on rare earth regenerator materials. |
Conteúdo
Ball Aerospace 410 K Space Cryocoolers | 1 |
NGST Advanced Cryocooler Technology Development Program ACTDP Cooler System | 9 |
A Study of the Use of 6K ACTDP Cryocoolers for the MIRI Instrument on JWST | 15 |
Lockheed Martin 6K18K Cryocooler | 25 |
Status of Pulse Tube Cryocooler Development at Sunpower | 31 |
Development of a SmallScale CollinsType 10 K Cryocooler for Space Applications | 41 |
STIs Solution for High Quantity Production of Stirling Coolers | 51 |
Raytheon RS1 Cryocooler Performance | 59 |
Enthalpy Entropy and Exergy Flows in Ideal Pulse Tube Cryocoolers | 351 |
Enthalpy Entropy and Exergy Flow Losses in Pulse Tube Cryocoolers | 361 |
A Model for Energy and Exergy Flow in an Orifice Pulse Tube Refrigerator | 371 |
Development of New Cryocooler Regenerator Materials Ductile Intermetallic Compounds | 381 |
Status of the Development of Ceramic Regenerator Materials | 391 |
Doped AMnO3 Perovskites Suitable for Use in Magnetic Cooling Devices | 399 |
Improved Cooling Power by Means of a Regenerator Made from Lead Wire Mesh | 407 |
A Low Porosity Regenerator Matrix for High Frequency Low Temperature Cryocoolers | 413 |
Ball Aerospace Next Generation 2Stage 35 K SB235 Coolers | 65 |
Development of the LSF95xx 2nd Generation Flexure Bearing Coolers | 71 |
CMC OneWatt Linear Cooler Performance Map at Higher Input Power | 77 |
Characterization of the NGST 150 K Mini Pulse Tube Cryocooler | 85 |
Performance Test Results of a Miniature 50 to 80 K Pulse Tube Cooler | 93 |
Performance of Japanese Pulse Tube Coolers for Space Applications | 101 |
High Capacity Staged Pulse Tube | 109 |
Lockheed Martin RAMOS Engineering Model Cryocooler | 115 |
Lockheed Martin TwoStage Pulse Tube Cryocooler for GIFTS | 121 |
Second Generation Raytheon StirlingPulse Tube Hybrid Cold Head Design and Performance | 127 |
Efficient 10 K Pulse Tube Cryocoolers | 133 |
Development of StirlingType Coaxial Pulse Tube Cryocoolers | 141 |
Low Temperature High Frequency Pulse Tube Cooler Using Precooling | 149 |
Development of a Single Stage Pulse Tube Refrigerator with Linear Compressor | 157 |
A Commercial Pulse Tube Cryocooler with 200 W Refrigeration at 80 K | 165 |
Large Scale Cryocooler Development for Superconducting Electric Power Applications HTS4 | 173 |
The Effect of Mean Pressure on Large Pulse Tube Cryocoolers | 177 |
Operation of Thermoacoustic Stirling Heat Engine Driven Large Multiple Pulse Tube Refrigerators | 181 |
A Traveling Wave Thermoacoustic Refrigerator within Room Temperature Range | 189 |
Building a HighEfficiency and CompactSized ThermoacousticallyDriven Pulse Tube Cooler | 195 |
Development of a Linear Compressor for Use in GM Cryocoolers | 201 |
Compression Losses in Cryocoolers | 209 |
A Novel Method for Controlling Piston Drift in Devices with Clearance Seals | 215 |
Verification of Long Life Operation through Real Time Dynamic Alignment Tracking | 225 |
Sensorless Balancing of a DualPiston Linear Compressor of a Stirling Cryogenic Cooler | 231 |
Dynamically Counterbalanced SinglePiston Linear Compressor of a Cryogenic Cooler | 241 |
Counterflow Pulsetube Refrigerator | 251 |
A Study of Performance Improvement of the Coaxial Inertance Tube Pulse Tube Cryocooler | 261 |
Measurements of Phase Shifts in an Inertance Tube | 267 |
Phase Shift and Compressible Fluid Dynamics in Inertance Tubes | 275 |
CFD Simulation of MultiDimensional Effects in an Inertance Tube Pulse Tube Refrigerator | 285 |
Phase Angle Model for Pulse Tube with Secondary Orifice Using LumpedElement Electrical Network Analysis | 293 |
Numerical Simulations of Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in Pulse Tubes | 303 |
Visualization of Secondary Flow in Tapered DoubleInlet Pulse Tube Refrigerators | 313 |
Numeric Code for the Design of Pulse Tube Coolers | 323 |
Development of a GMType Pulse Tube Refrigerator Cooling System for Superconducting Maglev Vehicles | 324 |
HighPower Pulse Tube Cryocooler for Liquid Xenon Particle Detectors | 324 |
VibrationReduction Method and Measurement | 329 |
Cooling Performance and Vibration | 337 |
Xray Lithography Fabricated MicroChannel Regenerators for Cryocoolers | 423 |
Performance Investigation of StirlingType Nonmagnetic and Nonmetallic Pulse Tube Cryocoolers for HighTc SQUID Operation | 429 |
Flow Circulations in FoilType Regenerators Produced by NonUniform Layer Spacing | 439 |
A New Angle of View for Understanding and Evaluating Flow Characteristics of Cyclic Regenerators | 449 |
Experimental Flow Characteristics Study of a High Frequency Pulse Tube Regenerator | 457 |
Regenerator Flows Modeled Using the Method of Characteristics | 463 |
A Fast and Accurate Regenerator Numerical Model | 473 |
A Parametric Optimization of a Single Stage Regenerator Using REGEN 32 | 481 |
A Numerical Model of an Active Magnetic Regenerator Refrigeration System | 489 |
Comparative Performance of Throttle Cycle Cryotiger Coolers Operating with Different Mixed Refrigerants | 499 |
Progress in Micro JouleThomson Cooling at Twente University | 507 |
The Performance of Joule Thomson Refrigerator | 515 |
SystemLevel Design Considerations | 521 |
Improvements in Sorption Compressor Design | 531 |
Cryogenic Testing of Planck Sorption Cooler Test Facility | 541 |
Cryogenic Tests of a 01 K Dilution Cooler for PlanckHFI | 551 |
HERSCHEL Sorption Cooler Qualification Models | 561 |
ADR Configurations and Optimization for CryocoolerBased Operation | 571 |
Small Adiabatic Demagnetization Refrigerator for Space Missions | 579 |
Magnetoresistive Heat Switches and Compact Superconducting Magnets for a Miniature Adiabatic Demagnetization Refrigerator | 585 |
The Performance of a Laboratory Optical Refrigerator | 593 |
A Thermal Storage Unit For Low Temperature Cryocoolers | 594 |
Development of a Nitrogen Thermosiphon for Remote Cryogenic Devices | 594 |
Long Life Cryocoolers for Space Applications A Database Update | 595 |
Active Versus Standby Redundancy for Improved Cryocooler Reliability in Space | 605 |
INTEGRAL Spectrometer Cryostat Design and Performance after 15 Years in Orbit | 615 |
Two Year Performance of the RHESSI Cryocooler | 625 |
The NICMOS TurboBrayton Cryocooler Two Years in Orbit | 629 |
Warm End Components | 637 |
Cold Head Components | 647 |
Cryogenic Tests of a Development Model for the 90 K Freezer for the International Space Station | 657 |
Comparison of Measurements and Models for a Pulse Tube Refrigerator to Cool CryoSurgical Probes | 667 |
Development of a GMType Pulse Tube Refrigerator Cooling System for Superconducting Maglev Vehicles | 669 |
HighPower Pulse Tube Cryocooler for Liquid Xenon Particle Detectors | 677 |
System for Gravitational Wave Detectors Part I VibrationReduction Method and Measurement | 683 |
Cooling Performance and Vibration | 691 |
TwoStage Refrigeration for Subcooling Liquid Hydrogen and Oxygen as Densified Propellants | 699 |
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aftercooler amplitude cold end cold finger cold head cold stage cold tip components compressor configuration cooldown cooling capacity cooling power cryocooler system Cryocoolers 13 cryogenic cryostat cycle developed diameter edited by R. G. efficiency electronics energy enthalpy entropy equations exergy experimental Figure fluid heat capacity heat exchanger heat load heat switches heat transfer helium increase inertance tube inlet input power interface Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers linear compressor linear motors liquid magnetic mass flow rate matrix measured optimized orifice parameters performance phase angle phase shift piston precooler pressure drop pulse tube cooler pulse tube cryocooler pulse tube refrigerator R. G. Ross radiation ratio regenerator reservoir rotary valve sensors shown in Fig sorption sorption cooler space Springer Science+Business Media Stirling Stirling cryocooler superconducting thermal thermoacoustic thermodynamic thermosiphon two-stage vacuum velocity vibration volume volumetric heat capacity VR stage York