ftances. But of this we have spoken be-Ch. X.

fore (d).

THE Attributives hitherto treated, that is to fay, VERBS, PARTICIPLES, and ADJECTIVES, may be called ATTRIBUTIVES OF THE FIRST ORDER. The reafon of this Name will be better understood, when we have more fully difcuffed ATTRIBUTIVES OF THE SECOND ORDER, to which we now proceed in the following Chapter.

(d) Sup. C. VI. Note (a). See alfo C. III. p. 28, &c.

CHAP.

Ch.XI.

CHA P. XI.

Concerning Attributives of the Second
Order.

A

S the Attributives hitherto mentioned denote the Attributes of Subftances, fo there is an inferior Class of them, which denote the Attributes only of Attributes.

To explain by examples in either kind— when we fay, Cicero and Pliny were both of them eloquent; Statius and Virgil both of them wrote; in these inftances the Attributives, Eloquent, and Wrote, are immediately referable to the Subftantives, Cicero, Virgil, &c. As therefore denoting THE ATTRIBUTES OF SUBSTANCES, we call them ATTRIBUTIVES OF THE FIRST ORDER. But when we fay, Pliny was moderately eloquent, but Cicero exceedingly eloquent; Statius wrote indifferently, but Virgil wrote admirably ;

in these inftances, the Attributives, Mo-Ch. XI. derately, Exceedingly, Indifferently, Admirably, are not referable to Substantives, but to other Attributives, that is, to the words, Eloquent, and Wrote. As therefore denoting Attributes of Attributes, we call them ATTRIBUTIVES OF THE SECOND ORDER.

GRAMMARIANS have given them the Name of 'Emppnara, ADVERBIA, ADἘπιῤῥήματα, VERBS. And indeed if we take the word Pug, or, Verb, in its most comprehenfive Signification, as including not only Verbs properly fo called, but alfo Participles and Adjectives [an ufage, which may be justified by the best authorities (a)] we

fhall

(a) Thus Ariftotle in his Treatise de Interpretatione, inftances ̓́Ανθρωπος as a Noun, and Λεύκος as a Verbs So Ammonius κατὰ τῆλο τὸ σημαινόμενον, τό μὲν ΚΑΛΟΣ » ΔΙΚΑΙΟΣ καὶ ὅσα τοιαῦτα — ῬΗΜΑΤΑ λéyeolar x 8''ONOMATA. According to this Signification (that is of denoting the Attributes of Sub

stance,

Ch. XI. fhall find the name, Emping, or ADVERB, to be a very just appellation, as denoting A PART OF SPEECH, THE NATURAL APPENDAGE OF VERBS. So great is this dependence in grammatical Syntax, that an Adverb can no more fubfift without its Verb, than a Verb can fubfift without its Subftantive. "Tis the fame here, as in certain natural Subjects. Every Colour for its existence as much requires a Superficies, as the Superficies for its existence requires a folid Body (b).

AMONG

stance, and the Predicate in Propofitions) the words, FAIR, JUST, and the like, are called VERBS, and not NOUNS. Am. in libr. de Interp. p. 37. b. Arift. de Interpr. L. I. c. 1. See also of this Treatise, Chap. 6. Note (a). p. 87.

In the fame manner the Stoics talked of the Participle. Nam PARTICIPIUM connumerantes Verbis, PARTICIPIALE VERBUM vocabant vel CASUALE. Prifcian. L. I. p. 574.

(b) This notion of ranging the Adverb under the fame Genus with the Verb (by calling them both Attributives) and of explaining it to be the Verb's Epithet or Adjective (by calling it the Attributive of an Attri

butive)

AMONG the Attributes of Substance are Ch. XI. reckoned Quantities, and Qualities. Thus we fay, a white Garment, a high Mountain. Now fome of thefe Quantities and Qualities are capable of Intenfion, and Remiffion. Thus we fay, a Garment EXCEEDINGLY white; a Mountain TOLERABLY

butive) is conformable to the beft authorities. Theodore Gaza defines an ADVERB, as followsμέρος λόγω ἄπλωτον, κατὰ ῥήματος λεγόμενον, ἢ ἐπι λεγόμενον βήματι, καὶ οἷον ἐπίθετον ῥήματος. APart of Speech devoid of Cafes, predicated of a Verb, or fubjoined to it, and being as it were the Verb's Adjective. L. IV. (where by the way we may obferve, how properly the Adverb is made an Aptote, fince its Principal fometimes has cafes, as in Valdè Sapiens ; fometimes has none, as in Valdè amat). Prifcian's definition of an Adverb is as follows- ADVERBIUM eft pars orationis indeclinabilis, cujus fignificatio Verbis adjicitur. Hoc enim perficit Adverbium Verbis additum, quod adjectiva nomina appellativis nominibus adjunéta; ut prudens homo; prudenter egit; felix Vir; feliciter vivit. L. XV. p. 1003. And before, speaking of the Stoics, he fays-Etiam ADVERBIA Nominibus vel VERBIS CONNUMERABANT, et quafi ADJECTIVA VERBORUM nominabant. L. I. p. 574. See alfo Apoll. de Synt. L. I. c. 3. fub fin.