readers. Every page in it is worth perusal."* "The translations in the volume are good. In 'Andre Chenier's Death-Song,' Mr Reade has attained a success which reminds the reader of the spirited translations of Beranger, by Father Prout."+

Mr. C. H. Mackintosh, the publisher and editor of the Ottawa Citizen, is Canadian-Irish. He was born in London, Ontario. Having studied law for some time he entered on a journalistic career in 1862. His father William Mackintosh, was the son of Captain Duncan Mackintosh, of the British army, whose wife was a niece of the Earl of Dysart Captain Duncan Mackintosh settled in the County of Wicklow, where he bought landed property, and where his son William was born. This gentleman having been educated at Dublin, and having married, came to Canada, where he was connected with the Ordnance Department, at London and Kingston. Subsequently he was engaged in the survey of the Great Western Railway, from Hamilton to Chatham. He was afterwards for many years county engineer for Middlesex. His widow is still living, together with several sons and daughters.

The able editor of the Irish Canadian, Mr.Patrick Boyle, is so well known that it would be superfluous to seek to give my readers any idea of his personality or abilities. Mr. Bailey, the editor of the Orange Sentinel, is an enterprising North of Ireland man, of whom I can say that he entertains liberal desires respecting the friendly relations which should exist between all classes of his countrymen.

A passing reference has been made to the Honourable Mr. Justice Gwynne. He is the son of the Rev. Dr. Gwynne, of Castle Knock, Dublin. Mr. Gwynne was educated at Trinity College, which he left without taking a degree. He came to Canada in 1832, and commenced to study law with Thomas Kirkpatrick. In the same year, his brother, Dr. Gwynne, came to Canada, and established himself in Toronto as a medical man. In the following year, his eldest brother, the Rev. George Gwynne, and his second eldest brother, Mr. Hugh Nelson Gwynne, both scholars of Trinity College, came out. But the Rev. George Gwynne soon returned to Ireland. Hugh Nelson Gwynne remained here and became a master in Upper Canada College. His connexion

*Dublin University Magazine.

+ New York World.

CULTURE AND LITERATURE.

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with the college was severed owing to the influence of Dr. Strachan. He went and lived in the country the life of a hermit until 1840, when he became Secretary and Treasurer of the Law Society, which office he filled until he retired in December, 1872, in which month he died suddenly.

In 1837, Mr. John W. Gwynne was called to the Bar. In 1844, he went to England, and studied for fifteen months in Mr. Rolt's chambers. While there he conceived his railway plans. In 1849, he was made a Q.C., and his career at the Bar and as a Judge is well known.

A brother judge emigrated somewhat earlier. The Honourable Christopher Salmon Patterson, the youngest surviving son of Mr. John Patterson, well known in London and Belfast as a merchant, came to Canada when quite a youth, in 1845. He was called to the Bar in 1851, and after a successful professional career was appointed Judge of the new Court of Appeal in 1874.

Two years later than Mr. Justice Gwynne, Chief Justice Hagarty emigrated-a man whose usefulness to Canada is not to be measured by his ability as a lawyer and as a judge; his literary acquirements and taste, his social qualities, his wit, his high character-all have been, from 1834 until the present hour, a valuable part of the best wealth of the community. He was born, on the 17th of December 1816, in Dublin, and his father, Matthew Hagarty, Examiner of His Majesty's Court of Prerogative for Ireland, sent him early to the school of the Rev. Mr. Haddart. He entered Trinity College in his sixteenth year, and emigrated in 1824, having left his University without a degree. He settled in Toronto in 1835, and was called to the Bar in 1840. He was appointed a Q.C. by the Baldwin Administration in 1850, and raised to the Bench in 1856. He became Chief Justice in 1868. His firm, Crawford and Hagarty, enjoyed a great reputation for sound law and fearless integrity.

Mr. Hagarty was no mean element in that literary and social influence which has done so much for the cultivation of Canada. Scotland supplied a Galt; but the main stream of literary influence has been swelled by Irishmen from Moore down. Mrs. Jameson was the daughter of Murphy, the painter to H.R.H. the Princess Charlotte. She was, in Toronto, a great cultivating

power, and her "Winter Studies and Summer Rambles in Canada," seemed to bring the charm of the country home to the imagination alike of the Old World and the New, and to-day is a living book.

She opens with a description of Toronto as it appeared to her nearly half a century ago. She mingles her German studies with descriptions of Canadian scenes and Canadian society, and Schiller, sculpture, and Upper Canada newspapers, are all dealt with in a charming manner. Her sketches of Indians and Indian scenes are models in their kind.

In 1847, Dr. McCaul started a Canadian annual called the "Maple Leaf," beautifully bound, and illustrated with steel engravings. To this Annual, Mr. Hagarty contributed poems which Shelley would not have blushed to acknowledge. The poem on the cry of the Ten Thousand-" The Sea, The Sea "-is instinct with the genuine fire of poetry. Not inferior in quality is "The funeral of Napoleon I." No one could read either poem without being stirred. The music and power of the "Funeral of Napoleon I." fasten it on ear and imagination. The nervous lines are so numerous in this fine poem that selection would be difficult.*

*

The reader will thank me for giving this poem here.

THE FUNERAL OF NAPOLEON I.

(15th December 1840.)

Cold and brilliant streams the sunlight on the wintry banks of Seine,
Gloriously the imperial city rears her pride of tower and fane-
Solemnly with deep voice pealeth, Notre Dame, thine ancient chime,
Minute guns the death-bell answer in the same deep measured time.
On the unwonted stillness gather sounds of an advancing host,
As the rising tempest chafeth on St. Helen's far-off coast;
Nearer rolls a mighty pageant-clearer swells the funeral strain,
From the barrier arch of Neuilly pours the giant burial train.

Dark with eagles is the sunlight darkly on the golden air
Flap the folds of faded standards, eloquently mourning there-
O'er the pomp of glittering thousands, like a battle-phantom flits
Tatter'd flag of Jena, Friedland, Arcola, and Austerlitz.
Eagle-crown'd and garland-circled, slowly moves the stately car,
'Mid a sea of plumes and horsemen-all the burial pomp of war-
Riderless, a war-worn charger follows his dead master's bier-
Long since battle-trumpet roused him -he but lived to follow here.

CHIEF JUSTICE HAGARTY A POET.

607

The dramatic fire and enthusiasm of battle will surprise those whose knowledge of the Chief Justice does not go deeper than his demeanour in court or in a drawing room. A good poet was sacrificed to the lawyer and the judge.

The senior judge of the County of Simcoe emigrated the same year as Mr. Justice Gwynne. Mr. Gowan is now one of the most venerable and learned figures on the bench. When, in 1842, Mr. Baldwin made him judge of the District of Simcoe, he was the youngest judge of the Province. Many a time in those days he had to ride seventy miles a day to meet his court engagements,

From his grave 'mid ocean's dirges, moaning surge and sparkling foam,
Lo, the Imperial Dead returneth! lo, the Hero-dust comes home!
He hath left the Atlantic island, lonely vale and willow tree,
'Neath the Invalides to slumber, 'mid the Gallic chivalry.

Glorious tomb o'er glorious sleepers! gallant fellowship to share-
Paladin and Peer and Marshal-France, thy noblest dust is there!
Names that light thy battle annals-names that shook the heart of earth!
Stars in crimson War's horizon-synonymes for martial worth!

Room within that shrine of heroes! place, pale spectres of the past!
Homage yield, ye battle phantoms! Lo, your mightiest comes at last!
Was his course the Woe out-thunder'd from prophetic trumpet's lips?
Was his type the ghostly horseman shadow'd in the Apocalypse?
Gray-haired soldiers gather round him, relics of an age of war,
Followers of the Victor-Eagle, when his flight was wild and far:
Men who panted in the death-stife on Rodrigo's bloody ridge,

Hearts that sicken'd at the death-shriek from the Russian's shatter'd bridge;
Men who heard the immortal war-cry of the wild Egyptian fight-
"Forty centuries o'erlook us from yon Pyramid's gray height!"
They who heard the moans of Jaffa, and the breach of Acre knew-
They who rushed their foaming war-steeds on the squares of Waterloo-
They who loved him-they who fear'd him--they who in his dark hour fled-
Round the mighty burial gather, spell-bound by the awful Dead!
Churchmen-Princes-Statesmen-Warriors-all a kingdom's chief array,
And the Fox stands-crowned Mourner-by the Eagle's hero-clay!

But the last high rite is paid him, and the last deep knell is rung--
And the cannons' iron voices have their thunder-requiem sung
And, 'mid banners idly drooping, silent gloom and mouldering state,
Shall the Trampler of the world upon the Judgment-trumpet wait.
Yet his ancient foes had given him nobler monumental pile,
Where the everlasting dirges moan'd around the burial Isle-
Pyramid upheaved by Ocean in his loneliest wilds afar,
For the War-King thunder-stricken from his fiery battle-cry!

and his adventures by flood and field would make a little volume. Yet he was scarcely ever absent from his duties. A pioneer judge, he is yet an erudite lawyer, and he has been a leading mind in all the great legal reforms. He has more than once been tempted in vain with offers of a seat on the bench of the Superior Courts.

Another example of early elevation to judicial office, is the second son of the late Chancellor Blake, the Hon. Samuel Hume Blake, who was born in 1835. Educated at Upper Canada College he left it to embark in commercial life, with which growing dissatisfied after a few years, he entered as a student the law office of his uncle, the late Dr. Connor, who was subsequently raised to the bench. He began to read at the same time for a degree, which he took in 1858, and was called to the bar two years after.

He had already, as an attorney, entered into partnership with his brother, the Hon. Edward Blake, a partnership which was severed only when Sir John Macdonald offered him the ViceChancellorship-an offer from a political opponent equally creditable to the Prime Minister and Mr. Blake. The attention of both brothers was confined almost entirely to equity, and the Hon. Edward Blake was without an equal in that arena. Mr. Blake made considerable pecuniary sacrifice in abandoning practice; but the position of Vice-Chancellor is honourable, and he is now the senior Vice-Chancellor. He is an accomplished elocutionist, an earnest member of the Church of England, of the evangelical party, and the President of the Irish Protestant Benevolent Society. He has acted as one of the Commissioners of the Crooks License Law, and in many ways proves that his public spirit is not asleep. He has achieved a reputation for acuteness, fairness, and despatch as a judge.

Another very young and brilliant judge is Mr. Justice Moss, the eldest son of the late John Moss, of Toronto. Born at Cobourg, in 1836, his early education was at Knox's College, then called Gale's Institute. In 1850, he entered Upper Canada College, and there carried all before him as he did subsequently at the University. In 1858, he graduated with triple first-class honours. In 1859, he took his Master's degree and the prize thesis for the year.

It might be thought that all this brilliancy and solid attainment, the capacity and industry implied by a career of such unvarying