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much worried and severely criticised, especially by some of his warmest friends.

The Rev. Alexander McLeod Stavely, was born in the Parish of Loughguile, County Antrim. He studied at the Belfast Academical Institution. Afterwards, he went to the University of Edinburgh. He attended the prelections of such professors in the Philosophical and Theological classes as Professor John Wilson, and Dr. Thomas Chalmers. In the Moral Philosophy class presided over by the former, known to literature as "Christopher North," he gained a leading prize. Having finished his literary course, Mr. Stavely received license in the Reformed Presbyterian Church, and preached for a short time to congregations in the Province of Ulster. He then accepted an invitation to go to New Brunswick, and was ordained by the Northern Presbytery at Kilraughts, County Antrim, in the month of May, 1841, to the office of the holy ministry, and pastoral charge of the missionary station at St. John, New Brunswick.

He arrived at St. John, the place of his future and present labours, in the fall of the same year, and is now the senior miniser of that city. Several sermons, addresses and speeches by Mr. Stavely have been published, amongst them, "The Perpetuity of the Gospel," "Redeeming the Time," "The Life and Times of John Knox," "A Word for the Reformed Presbyterian Church."

Prince Edward Island was one of the first discoveries of Cabot, who named it St. John, after the day of its discovery. It was ceded to Great Britain in 1763, still retaining its name of St. John. It was not largely settled by Irish, but mainly by the Scotch and French. A census of the province, taken in 1798, shows but few Irish names. Still there are some, such as Cochran, Whelan, Flynn, Burke, Moore, Flannigan, Carroll, &c.

The first governor appointed was Captain Walter Patterson, an Irishman, and the grand-uncle of Mr. A. T. Todd, Toronto. "He arrived, with other officers, in 1770.* He was one of the largest landed proprietors, and had an Act passed by the Assembly in

A younger brother settled at Baltimore, U. S., and his daughter Elizabeth was married on 27th Dec., 1803, to Jerome Bonaparte. This marriage was afterwards declared null by his brother, the Emperor Napoleon. Madame Patterson Bonaparte is still alive, jas also a son by the marriage, who is a colonel in the French army.

1780, changing the name of the island to "New Ireland." This was without petitioning the Imperial Government. The Home Government, however, took umbrage at the high-handed manner in which the Act was passed, and disallowed it. He applied again in 1783, by petition, for a change of the name, and got for answer that it would be taken into consideration. Campbell declares that had the first application been made by petition to the King, it is extremely probable that the proposed change of name would have been adopted. The name was changed to Prince Edward in honour of the Duke of Kent, in 1798. Governor Patterson was not at all popular, at least he had a good many enemies, who placed his conduct in an unfavourable light before the Home Government; questions connected with the land, which had always been a fruitful source of trouble in the Province, being the main ground of complaint against him. He was certainly inclined to be arbitrary in some measures; but his motives seem to have been honest. His letters to his friend Stuart, also one to Lord Sydney, define matters from his point of view. During his rule of seventeen years he laid out the principal part of the island. He was recalled in 1787, and General Edmund Fanning appointed in his place. Governor Fanning was of Irish descent. His grandfather came to America with Earl Bellemont in 1699. The Honourable T. Des Brisay, another Irishman, was administrator of the government during the temporary absence of Governor Patterson in England. There must have been at least one Irish settlement in the island, to account for the "District of Belfast."

One of the most popular governors of the island was Sir Dominick Daly, of whom we shall see a good deal when treating of the struggle for responsible government in Canada. He arrived 12th June, 1854; his administration was marked by great progress and success; several important Acts were passed, the only difficulty being the vexed land question, which always was a trouble. Sir Dominick left about 1859. In his speech proroguing the House previous to his departure, he expressed his gratification at the harmony which had subsisted between the executive and the other branches of the legislature during the whole course of his administration, to which the uninterupted tranquillity of the island during the same period might in a great measure be attributed.

A TRIBUNE IN PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND.

169

The Rev. Theophilus Des Brisay was a native of Thurles, County Tipperary, and was born October, 1754. He arrived in the island in 1775, having been appointed by royal warrant the year previous to "the parish of Charlotte," of which parish he remained rector till his death, which occurred in 1823. He was the only Protestant clergyman on the island till the year 1820. A man of sterling character, and a faithful servant of his Divine Master, he was subjected, in the discharge of his sacred duty, to privations of which the present generation have happily no experience. The Rev. Dr. James Macgregor writes of him: "I was always welcome to preach in his church, which I uniformly did when I could make it convenient. His kindness ended not but with his life."

The Honourable Edward Whelan died at his residence in Charlottetown, on the 10th of December, 1867. He was born in County Mayo, in 1824, and received the rudiments of education in his native town. At an early age he emigrated to Halifax, Nova Scotia. Shortly after his arrival he entered the printing office of the Hon. Joseph Howe, then a newspaper publisher in that city. Here he gave such proofs of that great facility for newspaper writing, which distinguished him in after life, that he was occasionally employed to write editorial articles for Mr. Howe's newspaper, during the absence or illness of the latter. At the age of eighteen he went to Prince Edward Island, which was then ruled by persons who could scarcely be said to be amenable to public opinion. Mr. Whelan, ranging himself on the side of the people, threw the weight of his influence as a journalist into the struggle for popular rights.

Apart from Mr. Whelan's oratorical power which was considerable, the great lever of public opinion obeyed his masterly hand as often as any fair occasion arose to resort to its agency. He never abused the power of the press. He knew how to combine a singularly consistent political career with conciliatory manners. Although he died comparatively young, he lived long enough to see, to a large extent, the results of his labours in the extension of civil liberty.

Mr. Whelan was a Roman Catholic. The writer of a sketch of his life which appeared in the Examiner, says that "his words.

and thoughts in the hour of death were those of a Christian gentleman."

Among the Irishmen who emigrated to Prince Edward, was Daniel Brennan, a poor lad, who, by his energy and perseverance, succeeded in acquiring the profession of a Provincial Land Surveyor, at which he worked for some time, but finally entered into mercantile life in Charlottetown. He became a leading merchant. He married twice, but left no family. He was a Roman Catholic. He died in 1876, aged 80, a very wealthy man.

Owen Connolly emigrated when a mere youth, a very poor man. On his first arrival, he used that old threshing machine, the "flail," amongst the farmers in the settlement. By indomitable pluck and perseverance he gradually pushed himself forward, until he established himself in a large business in Charlottetown. Some years ago he extended his business, and opened a branch establishment in the Town of Souris, King's County, both of which houses he still carries on. He was mainly instrumental in opening a branch of the Bank of Halifax, in Charlottetown, and another branch of the same Bank in Souris. He is one of the wealthiest men in the Province of Prince Edward Island.

He is still alive; a man of about 65 years. He is a Roman Catholic. He is married, but has no children.

Lower Canada was all but exclusively French in its settlements; Upper Canada was dedicated to the sole possession of the U. E. Loyalists, and "German and other foreign Protestants." In 1791, however, we find Edward O'Hara returned for Gaspé, since when Lower Canada has always had an Irish element in its representation. In 1799, Felix O'Hara was appointed "Provincial Judge," at a salary of £200 a year, and among the subscribers to the "benevolence of His Majesty" for carrying on the war with France, was £27 from one Judge O'Hara. The existence of an extensive Irish settlement on the north of the St. Lawrence, between Montreal and Three Rivers, would seem to be indicated by the County of Leinster, with its Townships of Wexford, Kilkenny and Kildare. As the years rolled on, the Irish found their way into Ontario.

The first settler in Clarke was Mr. Richard Lovekin, who, accompanied by his family, left Ireland in the September of 1795, sailing

WOLVES. AN ACQUISITIVE WOOD-MOUSE.

171 from the Cove of Cork. For four months they were tossed on the ocean, the sport of adverse winds. They landed at St. Bartholemew on the 26th of January, 1796, and arrived at New York on the 9th of the following April. In less than a hundred years what progress the world has made, even from the emigrant's point of view Lovekin, with two hired assistants, went on to Canada to locate his land, leaving his family behind him. He settled, and built his shanty at the mouth of what was afterwards known as Baldwin's Creek. While engaged some distance up the creek in cutting grass for their beds, they heard the distant howling of wolves. Soon the wolves became bolder, and approached within a short distance of them. Becoming alarmed, Lovekin and his assistants pulled for the outlet. As they passed into open water, forty or fifty wolves howled along the bank. Arrived opposite their shanty, they did not land until they had seen the last dusky figure fade into the wooded gloom. They kept up a large fire for the remaining part of the night.

Another incident or two are worth relating. Having built his house and cleared some land, Mr. Lovekin thought of returning for his family. He had, with other money, one hundred and fifty dollars in silver. This, on account of its weight, he determined not to take with him, but to hide it in the hollow of a tree. He put it in a stocking and hung it up in a scooped trunk. When he and his family came "home" the next summer, they found an old bear had made the house his abode during the winter. On going to the tree for his money, he was not a little disappointed to find it gone! His mind hovered round his money, and he haunted the tree, which at last he determined to cut down. At the base, hope revived when he saw portions of the paper and stocking cut up fine, forming, together with grass and leaves, a wood-mouse's nest. That wood-mouse was a thief and also a

banker in his way. Beneath the nest was the hundred and fifty

dollars in the midst of mould and rotten wood.

Lovekin drew his land, took the oath of allegiance, and was appointed chief magistrate of the Home District, which embraced the country, from Cobourg to Toronto.

Another settler was John Burk, the grandfather of one of the members for West Durham. John Burk built his house on the

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