most other animals have, and this reptile much needs, to guard and defend its little heart from any accidental hurt from offenfive afperities it may meet with in its crawling.

It is very remarkable that fnails discharge excrements at an opening in the neck; that they likewise breathe there; and that both their male and female organs of generation are fituated at their neck too, near the fame. That of the male inftrumentis remarkably long, and in shape, resembles that of the whale; which, in coitu, they mutually wreath round each other to, ftrengthen them against the wind, to fupport and direct them to the female organ, for which they are both reciprocally deftined.

And it even hath been thought, if not feen, that there are animals that are at the fame time both maleand female, that copulate reciprocally with each other; each individual both propagating and conceiving; and not only fnails, but earthworms are of this kind, befides feveral other creatures, fuch as thofe round worms found in the intestines of men, and horses; and all leeches, and blood-fuckers. Nature's intent for this double contrivance in the generation of fnails, is to preferve the fpecies, fo very liable to deftruction by men, women, and children; befides many other ways, whereby in time they might be extinct elfe.

Horn fnails have, in their neck, the organs of generation of both fexes, close by each other, and each brandishes his virga feveral times, till it hits upon the virga of the other; an accurate cut of which amorous encounter, drawn to the very life, may be seen in Neuwentit's Religious Phifopher, in table xvi, figure 4, vol. 2 of the 4to edition.

And it is without controverfy, that even the paffions of animals, (which, by the bye, contrary to Cartes, is a proof of their all having fouls) are VOLI

9

ufeful to man, fays the great and pious Dr. Henry More in his Antidote against Atheifm, p. 82, as that of the lizard's enmity against ferpents, all: of them highly gratifying his contemplative faculty; fome feem contrived on purpofe to make his worship merry. For what could nature intend elfe, in that antipathy between the ape and the fnail? That that beat that feems fo boldly to claim kindred of man, from the refemblance of his outward fhape, fhould have fo little wit, or courage, as to run away from a fnail; and very ruefully, and frightfully, look back, as being afraid he fhould follow him as Erafmus more largely and pleasantly tells the whole ftory; as does Johnfon alfo, in his Hift. Natur. de Quadruped, lib. III.

Place an ape in the center of a circle of fnails, and it will excite the laughter even of the gravest person, to fee what a fright and agony the filly creature is in, and what grimace, and antic geftures he will make, knowing not how to efcape the fnails; nor daring, for fear they fhould feize him by the back, to offer to jump over their circle.

But to return to the fnail, and fay as much as the limits of a Magazine may permit. That tho' he has four eyes, yet he has no feet to walk, or run upon; yet provident Nature, who is never wanting, has a better way of motion for one in his condition; and this she has fufficiently done by granting him two large muscular skins, which, by expanfion, are confiderably lengthened; after that, the fore part being folded up, the hind part is extracted in the fame manner: thus, both he and his house on his back, is gradually trailed along; and, to prevent a fall, when he, climbing up any height, or his drowning, he vents a thick vifcid humour to stick to the body he crawls upon, and prevent the danger of fatal accidents. As to

B

their

their medical ufe, they make a fit medicine in milk, for a thin hectic habit, whose blood is too thin, fharp, and falt; and for waftings, confump

tions, atrophies, and the like, to give

due confiftence to the blood and. juices. Yours,

JOHN COOK.

THE

HE ftately front of the College of Christ Church, is extended to the length of 382 feet, and terminated at either end by two correfponding turrets. In the center is the grand entrance, whose Gothic proportions and ornaments are remarkably magnificent, as may be feen by the plate annexed. Over it is a beautiful tower, planned by Sir Christopher Wren, and erected by bishop Fell: it contains the great bell called Tom, on the found of which, every night, at nine, the ftudents of the whole univerfity are enjoined, by ftatute, to repair to their respective focieties.

The grand quadrangle is 264 by 261 feet in the clear; the eaft, north, and weft fides, with part of the fouth, confift of the lodgings of the dean, the canons, and the ftudents, &c. The greatest part of the fouth fide is formed by the hall, which is confiderably elevated above the rest of the buildings, and, taken as a detached ftructure, is a noble specimen of ancient magnificence.--The fouth, eaft, and part of the weft fide, were erected by Cardinal Wolfey; as was the kitchen, to the fouth of the hall; which is every way proportionable to to the rest of the college. The whole is ftrongly expreffive of the greatnefs of the cardinal's conceptions, who yet intended much more than is executed.

The north, and what remained of

the weft fide of this court, was finished A. D. 1665. By the marks on the wall, fome fuppofe this area was furrounded by a cloifter.

Round the whole area is a spacious terrace-walk, made the fame year, and in the centre a bason and fountain, with a statue of Mercury. On the infide over the grand entrance, is a ftatue of queen Anne; over the arch in the north-eaft angle, another of bifhop Fell; and oppofite to that at the fouth-east, a ftatue of cardinal Wolfey, which is juftly admired. It was done by Francis Bird.

Under this ftatue of the cardinal, we enter the hall by a fpacious and itately ftair-cafe of ftone, covered by a beautiful roof, built, A. D. 1630, which, though very broad, is fup. ported by a fmall fingle pillar of finer proportion. This hall is probably the largeft, and certainly the most fuperb, of any in the kingdom. It contains eight windows on each fide; is one hundred and twenty feet in length, forty in breadth, and its cieling eighty feet high.

The roof is a noble frame of timber-work, beautified with near 300 coats of arms, properly blazoned, and enriched with other decorations of painting, carving, and gilding, in the Gothic tatte. The delicacy of the Gothic fret-work in the roof over the window on the left fide of the high-table, particularly demands our obfervation.

Examples

O early as the reign of king Stephen, that is above 600 years ago, it was able of itself to furnish an army of 80,000 men; and it is a well-known fact, that it was the citizens of London chiefly, that maintained that prince in the poffeffion of the throne: and though, for a time, they submitted to his rival, Matilda; yet, upon that princess's refufing to confirm to the nation the laws of king Edward, they rofe in arms against her, and, had the not faved herself by a precipitate flight, they would have feized her perfon, as they did her baggage, in the city of Weftminster. Their power continued regularly to increase during all the fucceeding reigns; and in every revolution that happened in the government, they bore a confiderable and important fhare: nor did ever any prince think himself firmly established on the throne, until he had gained their good will and affection; nor, when deprived of that only legal and conftitutional support, could he look upon his fituation as other than pre

carious.

Such have been the fentiments of the most prudent princes that ever fwayed the fceptre in England, and of none more than the celebrated queen Elizabeth, who juftly regarded the good will of the Londoners as the ftrongest barrier and bulwark of her throne, And as no prince was ever more affiduous in cultivating their favour, fo no prince ever enjoyed it in a higher, or derived from it more fig. nal advantages; witnefs the powerful affiftance which the Londoners gave towards defeating the Spanish Armada, when, at their own proper charge, they fitted out, for that national fervice, as many ships, 'bating fifteen, as were furnished by all the

nobility and gentry in the kingdom put together.

The citizens of London, it cannot be denied, or rather it ought to be acknowledged to their honour, have been always remarkable for their steady attachment to the proteftant fucceffion in the prefent royal family; but this, it is certain, is but a fecondary confideration: the preservation of their religion, their laws, and their liberties, is the primary object; and should ever thofe two, by the treachery or obftinacy of any minifter, be rendered incompatible which there feems to be no reason at present, and I hope there never will, to fear--no man of fenfe can be at a loss to determine, which part of the alternative ought to be embraced. The end, moft furely, ought never to be facrificed to the means.

In fact, it appears from the concurrent teftimony of all historians, as well as from our own experience, that the citizens of London have ever diftinguifhed themselves as the patrons and protectors of the liberties of the nation; and that no attempt has at any time been made upon these liberties, without meeting with a strenuous oppofition, and generally, indeed, with a total defeat, from those worthy patriots. But it is not merely by the weight of their own power and intereft, however great, that the citizens of London are enabled to perform fuch fignal fervices to their country: the influence of their example has a confiderable effect. No fooner does a general spirit begin to prevail in the capital, than it immediately diffufes itself through the whole kingdom; for as naturally as the different parts of the body are fupplied with blood and nourishment from the heart, fo naturally does the